RADBIO Flashcards
When is the advent of the age of the atomic bomb happen?
1940s
It is a mathematical
relationship between various radiation dose levels and
magnitude of the observed response.
Radiation dose-response relationship
Radiation dose response relationship have two important applications in radiology. First, these experimentally determined relationships are used to
design therapeutic treatment routines for _____
patients with cancer
Radiobiologic studies also have been designed to yield information on
the ______.
effects of low-dose irradiation
These studies and the dose response relationships revealed provide the basis for radiation
management activities and are particularly significant for_____
diagnostic radiology
Human responses to radiation exposure fall into two types:
Deterministic or Stochastic
Responses usually follow high-dose radiation exposure and appear as an early response
deterministic
deterministic exhibit a _____; there is a dose
below which no response occurs.
dose threshold
answer true or false.As radiation dose increases, the
severity of the response increases.
true
_____- skin burns
represent a deterministic response.
Radiation-induced
Stochastic Responses are______.
cancer, leukemia, or genetic effects
Such responses
usually follow low radiation exposure and appear as a late radiation
response years later
stochastic
In stochastic there is_____ and as radiation
dose increases, the frequency of response in a population increases.
no dose threshold
What are the two characteristic radiation dose-response relationship?
linear or nonlinear / threshold or nonthreshold
Answer with true or false: These
characteristics can be described mathematically or graphically
True
Threshold dose-response
relationship
deterministic
Non-threshold dose-response
relationship
stochastic
Non-linear dose-response
relationship
deterministic
Severity of response increases
with radiation dose
deterministic
Linear dose-response
relationship
stochastic
Incidence of response
increases with radiation dose
stochastic
When the radiation dose is doubled, the
response to radiation likewise is __–
doubled
Dose-response relationships A and B
intersect the dose axis at zero or below. These relationships are therefore the _____ type.
linear,
nonthreshold (LNT
In a nonthreshold
dose-response relationship, any dose,
regardless of its size, is expected to produce
a response.. Answer with true or false
true
At zero dose, relationship A
exhibits a measurable response, –
RN
The level RN, called the_____, indicates that even without radiation
exposure, that type of response, such as
cancer, occurs
natural response
level
(Radiation-induced cancer, leukemia, and
genetic effects follow a -____,___-_
linear, nonthreshold
dose-response relationship.
All other radiation dose-response relationships
are ____
nonlinear
Skin effects resulting from high-dose
fluoroscopy follow a __-_
sigmoid-type dose response relationship.)
It is very difficult to determine the degree of
response, even that of early effects, because the number of
experimental animals that can be used is usually ___
small
The principal interest in diagnostic imaging is
to estimate response at very low radiation
doses. Because this cannot be done directly,
we -___- the dose-response
relationship from the high-dose, known
region into the low-dose, unknown region
extrapolate
This extrapolation invariably results in a
____-
linear, non-threshold dose-response
relationship
the natural incidence may be higher
and there may be a ___
dose threshold.
At very ____ irradiated subjects
experience less response than control
participants.
low doses
Many radiation scientists today believe that the doseresponse relationship associated with medical radiation
falls in between the____
LNT and hormesis
Regardless of our
concern for low radiation doses to large populations,
patient radiation dose___–
are totally acceptable considering the benefit to the
patient
less than approximately 50 mSv
