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SF Pilotage > Radar > Flashcards

Radar Flashcards

1
Q

RADAR is an acronym for?

A

RAdio Detection And Ranging

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2
Q

How is RADAR modulated?

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. Pulse 2. Pulse modulated

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3
Q

What are two chief attributes of RADAR?

A

Detection at large distances and accurately locating one’s position.

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4
Q

XBand Radar what is the wavelength?

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 3 cm

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5
Q

XBand Radar what is the frequency band in MHz?

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 93009500

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6
Q

SBand Radar what is the wavelength?

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 10 cm

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7
Q

SBand Radar what is the frequency band in MHz?

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 29003100

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8
Q

Pulse modulated Radar pulses are frequently ____ microsecond or less.

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. one 2. 1

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9
Q

What type of polarization do marine Radars commonly have? 1. Vertical 2. Horizontal

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 Horizontal

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10
Q

Define frequency.

A

Number of cycles completed in one second.

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11
Q

The power at points in the beam is _______ proportional to the ______ of the distance 1. directly square 2. inversely square 3. directly cube 4. inversely cube

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 inversely square

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12
Q

Beam width is measured as the angle between the ______ power points. 1. even 2. squared 3. half 4. quarter

A

The correct answer is: Number 3 half

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13
Q

Typical horizontal beam width is between ____ and ____ degrees. 1. 1.5 2.0 2. 0.65 2.5 3. 0.65 2.0 4. 1.0 2.5

A

The correct answer is: Number 3 0.65 2.0

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14
Q

Typical vertical beam width is between ____ and ____ degrees. 1. 10 30 2. 15 30 3. 15 35 4. 20 35

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 15 30

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15
Q

Narrower beam widths are achieved using ______ wavelengths. 1. Shorter 2. Longer

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 Shorter

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16
Q

For a given wavelength narrower beam widths are achieved using ______ antennas. 1. Smaller 2. Longer

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 Longer

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17
Q

At lower frequencies the interference pattern is _____ coarse than at higher frequencies. 1. Less 2. More

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 More

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18
Q

The pitch and roll of a ship _____ affect the structure of the interference pattern. 1. does 2. does not

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 does not

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19
Q

The bending of a wave as it passes and obstruction is _______. 1. refraction 2. diffraction

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 diffraction

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20
Q

The bending of a wave due to atmospheric conditions is _______. 1. refraction 2. diffraction

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 refraction

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21
Q

Refraction takes place when the ______ of a wave is changed

A

velocity

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22
Q

Calculation of the radar horizon ignores ______. 1. refraction 2. diffraction

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 refraction

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23
Q

SUBrefraction occurs in ______ regions and _______ radar range? 1. temperate increases 2. temperate decreases 3. arctic increases 4. arctic decreases

A

The correct answer is: Number 4 arctic decreases

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24
Q

SUPERrefraction occurs generally in _______ environments and _______ radar range. 1. tropic increases 2. tropic decreases 3. arctic increases 4. arctic decreases

A

Caused when warm air blows over cool water weather must be calm with little disturbance. The correct answer is: Number 1 tropic increases

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25
Q

Extra Superrefraction occurs when?

A

When there is atmospheric ducting. Can increase range to 1400 miles but contacts outside of the duct are not likely to have a return.

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26
Q

Ducting occurs in areas with?

A

Monsoonal climate reoccurring low barometric pressure.

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27
Q

Reduction of the intensity of a wave along its path is known as?

A

Attenuation

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28
Q

Which radar suffers less from attenuation? 1. 3 cm (XBand) 2. 10 cm (SBand)

A

The higher the frequency the greater the attenuation. The correct answer is: Number 2 10 cm (SBand)

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29
Q

List in decreasing order of creating attenuation 1. Snow Hail Dust Rain Dense Fog 2. Rain Dense Fog Snow Hail Dust 3. Rain Snow Dense Fog Dust Hail

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 Rain Dense Fog Snow Hail Dust

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30
Q

Which frequency is better for long range detection 1. Lower 2. Higher

A

Lower frequency has a longer wavelength therefore longer detection range. The correct answer is: Number 1 Lower

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31
Q

Doubling the peak power of a radar increases its range by 1. 10% 2. 25% 3. 50% 4. 100%

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 25%

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32
Q

The longer the pulse length the greater the detection range because the greater the amount of ________ transmitted

A

energy

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33
Q

The more concentrated the beam width the _______ the detection range. 1. less 2. greater

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 greater

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34
Q

The faster the antenna rotation _______ the detection range. 1. less 2. greater

A

Particularly for small targets. The correct answer is: Number 1 less

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35
Q

Minimum range is determined primarily by __________.

A

pulse length

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36
Q

Depending on the height of the transceiver small targets may escape under the lower edge of the vertical beam.

A

The correct answer is: True

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37
Q

Which is more accurate the use of a fixed range ring or a variable range marker (VRM)? Assuming the target falls on the ring? 1. Range Ring 2. Variable Range Marker

A

Range rings are accurate to 1.5% of the scale in use. VRMs are accurate to 2.5% of the scale in use The correct answer is: Number 1 Range Ring

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38
Q

Too high of a gain setting will cause can cause a target to bloom and appear closer than it really is.

A

The correct answer is: True

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39
Q

Accuracy of a marine radar should not be considered better than +/ _____ yards in the best conditions.

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 50 2. fifty

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40
Q

If the pulse length is too long two separate targets can merge into one target.

A

The must be separated by a distance greater than one half the pulse length. The correct answer is: True

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41
Q

Radiofrequency energy travels at approximately ____ yards per microsecond 1. 254 2. 316 3. 328 4. 425

A

The correct answer is: Number 3 328

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42
Q

Smaller horizontal beam widths make for ______ accurate bearing measurements. 1. more 2. less

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 more

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43
Q

Bearing accuracy can be improved by _______ the gain setting. 1. decreasing 2. increasing

A

Causes targets to bloom less. The correct answer is: Number 1 decreasing

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44
Q

Bearing measurements are more accurate on _______ targets. 1. larger 2. smaller

A

The center on a small target can be more accurately identified. The correct answer is: Number 2 smaller

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45
Q

_______displays provide higher bearing accuracy. 1. stabilized 2. unstabilized

A

Not affected by yawing. The correct answer is: Number 1 stabilized

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46
Q

Generally ________wavelengths radars are more affected by weather. 1. shorter 2. longer

A

XBand (3cm) is more affected. The correct answer is: Number 1 shorter

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47
Q

The higher the antenna is mounted the longer its detection range.

A

The correct answer is: True

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48
Q

A target with a 90 degree aspect will reflect the strongest return.

A

The correct answer is: True

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49
Q

A smooth conical shape will return a strong signal.

A

A rough conical shape may have a return The correct answer is: False

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50
Q

A rough texture generally reflects better than a smooth texture.

A

The correct answer is: False

51
Q

The motion of a target’s movement is shown relative to the observing ship.

A

Relative motion

52
Q

The true motion of a target’s movement and the observing ship’s movement.

A

True motion.

53
Q

A relative motion display will show a fixed target’s movement as equal and opposite to the observing ship.

A

The correct answer is: True

54
Q

When using a stabilized radar for collision avoidance which is preferred? 1. ground stabilized 2. sea stabilized

A

Assuming that ownship and the target are affected by the same current. The correct answer is: Number 2 sea stabilized

55
Q

FTC stands for?

A

Fast Time Constant

56
Q

FTC has an effect _______. 1. over the entire screen 2. increasing radially from the center

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 over the entire screen

57
Q

FTC operates by ________.

A

Reducing receiver sensitivity. Thereby lessening the strength of targets on the display.

58
Q

Rain clutter control provides a variable _______.

A

FTC (Fast time constant)

59
Q

STC stands for?

A

Sensitivity Time Control (Also known as Sea Clutter Control AntiClutter Control Swept Gain Suppressor)

60
Q

STC has an effect _______. 1. over the entire screen 2. increasing radially from the center

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 increasing radially from the center

61
Q

When using the performance monitor any reduction of _____% or more of the plume is an indication the radar needs servicing. 1. 10 2. 15 3. 20 4. 25

A

The correct answer is: Number 3 20

62
Q

As pulse length increases the pulse repetition rate ________. 1. decreases 2. increases

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 decreases

63
Q

A lower pulse repetition rate is needed on longer ranges to insure _____.

A

That the pulses sent out have time to return prior to the next pulses being sent.

64
Q

A higher pulse repetition rate on lower range scales will….

A

create stronger pips because they are painted more frequently.

65
Q

In order to use direction of relative motion (DRM) collision avoidance the radar used must be ________.

A

Stabilized It also helps to have a persistent image

66
Q

When maneuvering for a vessel with a high speed of relative motion (SRM) the observed change is _______ than for a vessel with lower SRM. 1. more 2. less

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 less

67
Q

The effectiveness of a turn to avoid collision is ________ by turning away from the contact. 1. enhanced 2. minimized

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 enhanced

68
Q

A contact is always ______ in up the scope cases 1. Slower 2. Faster

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 Faster

69
Q

A contact is always ______ in across the scope cases 1. Slower 2. Faster

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 Faster

70
Q

A contact is always ______ in down the scope cases 1. Slower 2. Faster

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 Slower

71
Q

DRM RULE #1 A target who is up the scope

A

when own ship turns right

72
Q

DRM RULE #2 A target who is down the scope

A

when own ship turns right

73
Q

DRM RULE #3 A target who is across the scope

A

when own ship turns right or left

74
Q

DRM RULE #4 When ownship speed reduces the DRM of all other targets will swing ________. 1. Up Scope 2. Down Scope 3. Stay Steady

A

RADAR p. 145 The correct answer is: Number 1 Up Scope

75
Q

DRM RULE #5 When ownship speed increases the DRM of all other targets will swing ________. 1. Up Scope 2. Down Scope 3. Stay Steady

A

RADAR p. 145 The correct answer is: Number 2 Down Scope

76
Q

DRM RULE #6 When a target’s relative speed is high the effect of ownship’s action is ______. 1. low 2. high

A

RADAR p. 145 The correct answer is: Number 1 low

77
Q

DRM RULE #7 When a target’s relative speed is low the effect of ownship’s action is ______. 1. low 2. high

A

RADAR p. 145 The correct answer is: Number 2 high

78
Q

Multiple reflection echos can often be removed by? 1. decreasing the gain 2. adjusting the STC 3. adjusting the FTC

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 decreasing the gain and Number 2 adjusting the STC

79
Q

Side lobes usually only show on ______ ranges and _____ targets. 1. Short Weak 2. Short Strong 3. Long Weak 4. Long Strong

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 Short Strong

80
Q

The approximate range of a SART is _____ nautical miles.

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. eight 2. 8

81
Q

SARTs are triggered by ___ cm radars. 1. 3 2. 10

A

Some are triggered by 10cm also. The correct answer is: Number 1 3

82
Q

An ____ band radar has better detection in precipitation. 1. S 2. X

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 S

83
Q

For the greatest bearing accuracy a target should be placed _______ by selecting the proper range. 1. in close 2. extreme edge of the screen

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 extreme edge of the screen

84
Q

ARPA data is only as accurate as the speed and heading input.

A

The correct answer is: True

85
Q

The IMO standards dictate a screen diameter of depending on the size of the vessel. 1. 180mm 2. 250mm 3. 340mm

A

The correct answer is: All Of The Above

86
Q

IMO dictates that the bearing resolution shall be ______ degrees or better. 1. 1.0 2. 1.5 3. 2.0 4. 2.5

A

The correct answer is: Number 4 2.5

87
Q

Per IMO standards a Radar should have bearing accuracy of +/ ____ degree or better.

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 1 2. one

88
Q

Per IMO standards a Radar should sweep at least ______ times per minute.

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 12 2. twelve

89
Q

Per IMO standards a Radar should continue to perform with rolling and pitching up to _____ degrees.

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 10 2. ten

90
Q

Per IMO standards a Radar range rings or VRM should not be in error exceeding _____ % of the scale in use or ______ meters whichever is greater. 1. 1.5 70 2. 2.0 70 3. 1.5 50 4. 2.0 50

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 1.5 70

91
Q

Per IMO standards in true motion the trace origin should not exceed ______ % of the radius of the display (except in manual override).

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 75

92
Q

Per IMO standards two radars should be installed so that they can be operated independently with out being dependant on the other.

A

The correct answer is: True

93
Q

The term circle spacing is always ______ yards unless otherwise designated.

A

You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 1000

94
Q

A crossband RACON will show on the screen with the normal radar image.

A

A crossband RACON does not operate on the same frequency a marine radar and must have a receiver specially able to tune to its frequency. If so the normal image does not display

95
Q

A inband RACON will show on the screen with the normal radar image.

A

A inband RACON does operate on the same frequency as marine radar. So the normal image does display with the RACON. The correct answer is: True

96
Q

With the ______ circuit in operation only the nearer edge of an echo having a long time duration is displayed. 1. STC 2. Sea Clutter 3. FTC 4. Gain

A

The correct answer is: Number 3 FTC

97
Q

Microwaves are generally considered to be the region in which radar operates.

A

The correct answer is: True

98
Q

_______ polarization is used for reducing rain clutter. 1. Vertical 2. Horizontal 3. Circular

A

The correct answer is: Number 3 Circular

99
Q

A corner reflector is made of _____ plates mutually perpendicular. 1. two 2. three 3. four 4. five

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 three

100
Q

Which is a radar beacon which continuously transmits a signal appearing as a radial line? 1. RAMARK 2. RACON

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 RAMARK

101
Q

The image painted by the sweep is always an accurate representation of the shoreline.

A

The correct answer is: False

102
Q

On relative motion displays landmasses move in directions and rates equal and opposite to the actual motion of the observer.

A

The correct answer is: True

103
Q

A chain of islets or small targets in a line may appear as a solid line when viewed ______ to the radar beam. 1. perpendicular 2. lengthwise

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 perpendicular

104
Q

Why may landmasses show ‘apparent speed’ when being approached from long distance?

A

The beam will begin by hitting high land farther off then move down slope to land closer to.

105
Q

Returns from hilly ground tends to be ______.

A

Blotchy

106
Q

Low bare islands produce _______ echos. 1. weaker 2. stronger

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 weaker

107
Q

Low treed islands produce _______ echos. 1. weaker 2. stronger

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 stronger

108
Q

Target images are distorted _________ by an amount equal to the effective ________ beam width. 1. radially vertical 2. radially horizontal 3. angularly vertical 4. angularly horizontal

A

The correct answer is: Number 4 angularly horizontal

109
Q

Target images are distorted ________ by an amount equal to onehalf the ________. 1. radially pulse repetition rate 2. radially pulse length 3. horizontally pulse repetition rate 4. horizontally pulse length

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 radially pulse length

110
Q

Due to beam width distortion a strait or nearly strait shoreline will appear ________. 1. angled 2. straight 3. crescent shaped

A

The distortion increases as the angle between the beam axis and the shoreline decreases. The correct answer is: Number 3 crescent shaped

111
Q

Distortion due to ___________ is responsible for more confusion than any other cause.

A

radar shadows

112
Q

Electronic interference effects are greater at short range.

A

The correct answer is: False

113
Q

The appearance of spoking is indicative of the need for equipment maintenance.

A

The correct answer is: True

114
Q

The echo from a overhead power cable appears as a single echo always ________ to the line of the cable. 1. parallel 2. perpendicular

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 perpendicular

115
Q

A ______ provides bearing and range information. 1. RACON 2. RAMARK

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 RACON

116
Q

RACONs are limited to line of sight.

A

The correct answer is: True

117
Q

Radar bearings are more accurate than visual gyro bearings.

A

The correct answer is: False

118
Q

Fixes from radar bearings or ranges are more accurate? 1. bearings 2. ranges

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 ranges

119
Q

Fixing by tangent bearings is one of the ______ accurate methods 1. least 2. most

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 least

120
Q

Right tangent bearings should be _______ by half the horizontal beam width. 1. increased 2. decreased

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 decreased

121
Q

Parallel indexing is best suited for use with a(n) ________ radar. 1. stabilized 2. unstabilized

A

The correct answer is: Number 1 stabilized

122
Q

The distance of an object when it passes abeam if the vessel was to pass the target.

A

Cross Index Range

123
Q

The distance at which an object tracking on a parallel line would be on a new track.

A

Dead Range

124
Q

The point at which the actual maneuver is made to insure that the object being indexed is on the new track line taking into account the advance and transfer.

A

Wheel Over Point

SF Pilotage (11 decks)

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