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Rad Protection > Rad preotection > Flashcards

Rad preotection Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first casualty of manmade radiation?

A

Clarence Dally DOD 1904

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2
Q

What did the Coolidge tube do?

A

It decreased exposure time along with injury to patients & workers.
Made in 1913

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3
Q

What were radiologist developing more frequently compared to the rest of the medical community?

A

Blood Disorders

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4
Q

What was the Public aw 97-35?

The consumer-patient radiation health and safety act of 1981

A
  1. Provide minimum standards by the federal government for accreditation of educational programs
  2. Ensure Medical and Dental radiologic procedures are consistent with safety precautions and standards
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5
Q

Radiation Exposure increases when….?

A

Increased Elevation

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6
Q

What percentage is Manmade radiation?

A

18% of Radiation is mandmade

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7
Q

Medical and Dental radiation exposure accounts for..?

A

90%

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8
Q

How much is 1 Roentgen ?

A

1 Roentgen= 2.58x 10^-4 coulombs per kilogram (c/kg)

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9
Q

What is the unit of radioactivity?

A

The Curie (Ci) 1 = 3.7 x 10^10

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10
Q

What is the unit for absorbed dose?

A

Gray (Gy)

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11
Q

Converting Gray to Rad

A

Divide by .01

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12
Q

Converting Rad to Gray

A

Multiply by .01

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13
Q

What are the 3 Cardinal principles to radiation protection?

A

S - Shielding
T- Time
D- Distance

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14
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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15
Q

Where should your TLD be worn?

A
  • Below the shoulders
  • Above the hips
  • Outside of clothing
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16
Q

Qualities of a Primary barrier?

A
  • Minimum of 1/16th Lead equivalent = Brick/Concrete/ Concrete block
  • 7 ft
  • Often used lead bonded to sheet rock or wood paneling
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17
Q

Qualities of a Secondary barrier?

A

Minimum of 1/32th

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18
Q

How does a TLD (Thermoluminescent Dectector) work?

A
  • Excited electrons absorb & store energy, trapping them in higher energy levels.
  • Lif crystals are heated, freeing trapped electrons.
  • -Electrons return to there normal energy level, releasing energy in the form of light.
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19
Q

What does a TLD analyzer do?

A

Measures the amount of ionizing radiation through release of energy (from crystals being heated)

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20
Q

The amount of light emitted is propotional to..?

A

The amount of radiation interacted with the LIF crystals.

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21
Q

If a radiographer must hold down a patient they should…?

A

STAY OUT OF THE PRIMARY BEAM

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22
Q

What are critical organs affected by radiation?

A

Eyes

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23
Q

What is the 10-Day interval?

A

Examination should be limited to the 10 day interval FOLLOWING the onset of MENSTRUATION.

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24
Q

During a known pregnancy..

A

Examinations should be postponed until conclusion/ later part of pregnancy.

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25
Q

What is the SIMPLEST type of all BLD’s ?

A

Aperture Diagram

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26
Q

What is a disadvantage of an Aperture Diagram?

A

Fixed opening-(Not able to collimate)

27
Q

What is the most COMMON BLD?

A

Variable Aperture Collimator. (Most efficient)

28
Q

What is Inherent Filtration?

A

Filtration afforded by the glass envelope, insulating oil, and glass window

29
Q

As filtration is increased….

A

Beam quality increases, but quantity is decreased.

Better image-Less rays passing through

30
Q

How do you get Total filtration?

A

Inherent filtration+ Added filtration.

31
Q

Using a grid increases…?

A

Patient Dose

32
Q

What methods can you use to avoid repeat radiographs?

A
  1. Proper Technique
  2. Proper Positioning
  3. Appropriate Marker
  4. Correct patient identification
33
Q

What is the purpose of Patient shielding?

A

Reducing risk of genetic Defects for WHOLE population.

34
Q

What are the three patient shielding devices?

A
  1. Flat- plastic covered lead
  2. Shadow- attached to x-ray tube
  3. Shaped- contoured to enclose testis
35
Q

When would you use a Shadow shield?

A

In a sterile field / incapacitated patient

36
Q

What is DL (Dose limit)?

A

Maximum dose of ionizing radiation, which a individual accumulates over a long period of time/ in a single dose

37
Q

What is the dose limit for the fetus?

A

5 mSv or 500 rem for the period of the pregnancy

38
Q

After a pregnancy has been notified to the supervisor and the pregnancy is declared…

A

The DL becomes 0.5mSv or 50mrem / month

39
Q

A pregnant radiographer with a second personal monitoring device should?

A
  • Place it under the protective lead apron
  • Label it as exposure to the fetus
  • Maintain the record separately
40
Q

Annual DL for the eye lens is?

A

15,000 mrem

41
Q

Annual DL for the Skin hand and feet is?

A

50,000 mrem

42
Q

What is the occupational DL?

A
  • Annual 5,000mrem

- cumulative 1,000mrem x age

43
Q

Students under the age of 18 aren’t aloud more then….?

A

100mrem

44
Q

Educational and Training exposure Dose limit is?

A
  • Lens of eye 1,500mrem

- skin hands and feet 5,000mrem

45
Q

When computing the thickness of protective barriers this should be taken into consideration…

A

Room should be adjacent to the X-ray room occupied by

  • The general public
  • Radiation workers
46
Q

What is a Leakage beam?

A

Radiation passing through the tube housing other than the useful beam

47
Q

What is the Useful beam/ Primary beam?

A

The beam passing through the tube aperture (window, glass envelope)

48
Q

What is a primary barrier?

A

A wall which the useful beam can be directed to designed as the primary protective barrier

49
Q

What is a secondary barrier?

A

designed to shield against secondary radiation (scatter)

50
Q

What is a controlled area?

A

An area primarily occupied by radiology personnel and patients

51
Q

A barrier in a controlled area is required to reduce exposure to a worker to …?

A

Less than 100mrem per week

52
Q

What is most often used for a primary barrier?

A

Lead bonded to sheet rock or wood paneling.

53
Q

A uncontrolled area can be occupied by anyone, what is the maximum exposure rate?

A

Dose limit for the public should be

100 mrem/yr OR 100 mSv/ yr

54
Q

What type of exposure switch does Fluoroscopic have?

A

“dead man” switch type

55
Q

What is the time for the timer on the flouroscopic machine?

A

After 5 minutes of exposure time

56
Q

what is the formula for the inverse square law?

A

I = Intensity D = Distance

L1 / L2 = D2^2 / D1^2

57
Q

Where should wrist or finger dosimeters?

A

a) worn on the wrist/ring closest to radiation source

b) under the protective glove

58
Q

Who can designated in writing by the commander?

A
  • The custodian of the health records
  • The custodian of the civilian employee medical files
  • The person who prepares the photodosimetry report
  • The person that controls issuance and recovery of the monitoring devices
59
Q

What are the methods of determining administrative Does?

A
  • Calculate exposure based on occupancy information and exposure levels
  • Assign the dose by a supplemental monitoring device worn during the period
  • Average persons previous occupational exposure over the preceding calendar year
60
Q

What does the U.S department of Health and Human services do?

A

This agency focuses on preparation of response for radiation exposure incidences.

61
Q

What does the U.S food and Drug administration center of devices and radiologic health?

A

FDA oversees radiation safety of medical imaging systems, counter terrorism security systems and industrial and electronic consumer products that emit radition.

62
Q

What does the U.S department of Veteran Affairs do?

A

Provides information to veterans and their families about VA health care programs related to ionizing radiation issues.

63
Q

What is the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968(Public Law 90-602)?

A

It is Illegal to manufacture in the U.S any type of x-ray equipment uncertified by the FDA

64
Q

What is the 10CFR20?

A

It is the nuclear regulatory commission regulations (CFR), this code lists new regulations concerning DOSE limits .

Rad Protection (1 decks)

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