RAD- ANA ABDOMEN Flashcards by P A N E

The most common image i abdomen

anteroposterior (AP) supine abdomen

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what does KUB stands for

KIDNEY, URETERS AND BLADDER

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a radiograph of abdomen that is taken without the use of contrast media

KUB

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it is wherein several abdominal radiographs are taken in different positions to demonstrate air fluid levels or free air or both within the abdominal cavity.

acute abdominal series,” or a “twoway” or “three-way abdomen”

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The three that are most important muscle in abdominal radiography:

Diaphragm
Right psoas
left psoas

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umbrella-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity

diaphragm

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what cavities that the diaphragm separates?

abdominal and thoracis cavity

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what should be faintly visible on a diagnostic abdominal radiograph of a small to average-sized patient when correct exposure factors are used>

lateral borders of two psoas major muscles

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where does two psoas major muscles located

either side of the lumbar vertebral column

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accessory organs of digestive system

liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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pancreas is located____

posterior to the stomach

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six organs of the digestive system

1.
Oral cavity
2.
Pharynx
3.
Esophagus
4.
Stomach
5.
Small intestine
6.
Large intestine

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The three digestive organs within the abdominal cavity:

Stomach
Large Intestine
Small intestine

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The esophagus is located in the___

mediastinum of the thoracic cavity

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is an expandable reservoir for swallowed food and fluids.

Stomach

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its The size and shape vary depending on the volume of its contents and on the body habitus.

stomach

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greek word that means stomach

gaster

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describes the entire digestive system, starting with the stomach and continuing through the small and large intestines.

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

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It is a long, tubelike convoluted structure

Small intestine

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length of Small intestine

4.5 to 5.5 m (15 to 18 feet).

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The three parts of the small intestine:

A); jejunum
(B); ileum
(C).Duodenum

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first portion of the small intestine

Duodenum

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shortest but widest in diameter of the three segments

Duodenum

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length of duodenum

25 cm (10 inches)

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When filled with contrast medium, the duodenum looks like the

letter C.

The proximal portion of the duodenum

duodenal bulb, or cap.

first two-fifths following the duodenum is called

jejunum,

distal three-fifths OD DUODENUM

ileum

The orifice (valve) between the distal ileum and the cecum portion of the large intestine

ileocecal valve

saclike area portion of the large intestine below the ileocecal valve

Cecum

sixth and last organ of digestion

Large intestine

where does Large intestine begin

in the right lower quadrant at the junction with the small intestine at the ileocecal valve.

attached to the posteromedial aspect of the cecum.

Appendix

The transverse colon joins the descending colon at the

left colic flexure/ splenic flexure

the ascending colon, joins the transverse colon at the

right colic/colon flexure/ hepatic flexure

The rectum is the final _____ of the large intestine.

15 cm (6 inches)

The rectum ends at the

anus,

The shape and location of the large intestine vary on body habitus with the

transverse colon

where is the large intestine located if the body habitus is wide hypersthenic

located high

where is the large intestine located if the body habitus is hyposthenic and asthenic types.

located low

occupies a space posterior and to the left of the stomach in the left upper quadrant

SPLEEN

spleen may be visualized faintly on plain abdominal radiographs, particularly if the organ isq

enlarged

fragile organ and is sometimes lacerated during trauma to the lower left posterior rib cage

spleen

not seen on a plain abdominal radiograph

Pancreas

s an elongated gland that is located posterior to the stomach and near the posterior abdominal wall, between the duodenum and the spleen.

Pancreas

The average length of pancreas

12.5 cm (6 inches).

This relationship of the duodenum and the head of the pancreas sometimes is referred to as

“the romance of the abdomen.”

The endocrine portion of the pancreas produces certain essential hormones, such

insulin

aids in controlling the blood sugar level of the body.

insulin

how many digestive juice does apancreas produce

11/2 quarts [1500 mL] daily)

is the largest solid organ in the body

Liver

has numerous functions, one of which is the production of bile that assists in the digestion of fats

Liver

what happen to the bile if it is not needed for digestion

it is stored and concentrated

is a pear-shaped sac

Gallbladder

Gallbladder is located at

below the liver.

primary function of gallbladder

store and concentrate bile and to contract and release bile

The urinary system comprises

Two kidneys Two ureters One urinary bladder One urethra

the ___ cannot be visualized with conventional radiographic techniques without contrast media.

gallbladder

how many percent of all gallstones contain enough calcium to allow visualization on a plain abdominal radiographic image.

10 to 15

Located above and behind the symphysis pubis

bladder

what stores urine

bladder

what kidney is usually situated a little lower

The right kidney

Under voluntary control, the stored urine passes to the exterior via the .

urethra

The two-layered peritoneum that adheres to the cavity wall

Parietal

The two suprarenal (adrenal) glands of the endocrine system are located at the

superomedial portion of each kidney.

The bean-shaped kidneys are located on either side of the

lumbar vertebral column

Two types of peritoneum

Parietal Visceral

a large serous, double-walled, saclike mem- brane.

Peritoneum

covers most of the abdominal structures and organs as well as the wall of the abdominal cavity

Peritoneum

Waste materials and excess water are eliminated from the blood by the

kidneys

The total surface area is about equal to the total surface area of the skin that covers the entire body.

Peritoneum

the portion that covers an organ

Visceral

The space or cavity between the parietal and visceral portions of the peritoneum.

Peritoneal cavity

An abnormal accumulation of this serous fluid is a condition.

ascites

the double fold of peritoneum that extends anteriorly from the posterior abdominal wall to envelop completely a loop of small bowel.

Mesentery

Four forms of mesocolon

ascending transverse descending sigmoid or pelvic.

the specific term for a double fold of peritoneum that loosely connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

mesentery.

double folds that hold the small intestine in place is called

mesentery.

refers to a specific type of double-fold peritoneum that extends from the stomach to another organ

OMENTUM

extends superiorly from the lesser curvature of the stomach to portions of the liver

lesser omentum

connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach inferiorly

greater omentum

peritoneum that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall.

MESOCOLON

major portion of the peritoneal cavity

greater sac

smaller portion of the upper posterior peritoneal cavity located posterior to the stomach

Lesser sac

meaning "under" or "beneath

infra

retro, meaning

backward" or "behind

closely attached to the posterior abdominal

Retroperitoneal Organs

less mobile and move around less

Retroperitoneal Organs

Located under or beneath the peritoneum in the true pelvis

Infraperitoneal Organs

at the level of the lower border of L1

transpyloric plane

at the level of L5

transtubercular plane

parallel to the midsagittal plane and are located midway between it and each anterior supe- rior iliac spine

right and left lateral planes

Names of Regions

Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lateral (lumbar) Umbilical Left lateral (lumbar) Right inguinal (iliac) Pubic (hypogastric) Left inguinal (iliac)

SEVEN LANDMARKS OF THE ABDOMEN

xiphoid process inferior costal margin iliac crest asis greater trochanter symphysis pubis ischial tuberosity