Rad Ana Flashcards
Study of the structure of the body
Anatomy
Study of the function of the body
Physiology
Detailed study of the body of knowledge relating to the bones of the body
Osteology
Study of joints, or articulations between bones.
Arthrology
What are the four body planes
- Sagittal
- Coronal
- Horizontal/Axial
- Oblique
is a specific coronal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal anterior and posterior halve.
midcoronal plane
What are the 2 special plane?
- Interiliac Plane
2. Occlusal Plane
Transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests at the level of the fourth lumbar spinous process
Interiliac plane
Formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws closed
Occlusal plane
Body cavities
Thoracic cavity
Abdominal cavity
2 main division of the abdomen:
quadrants and regions.
4 Quadrants
- Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
- Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
- Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
- Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
9 regions
- Right and Left Hypochondrium
- Right and Left Lumbar
- Right and Left Inguinal
- Epigastric
- Umbilical
- Hypogastric
Refers to forward or front part of the body or forward part of an organ
Anterior or Ventral
Refers to back part of a body or organ.
Posterior or Dorsal
nearest to the median side of the body
Medial
refers to the palm of the hand
Palmar
refers to the sole of the foot
Plantar
away from the center or away from the median or midline of the body
Lateral
dextral
right side
sinistral
left side
refers to a part on the same side of the body
Ipsilateral
refers to a part on the opposite side of the body
Contralateral
refers to a part away from the head of the body
Caudal/ Caudad
refers to part toward the head of the body
Cranial/ cephalad
a movement Forward from the normal position
Protraction
refers to parts near the skin or surface.
Superficial
2 main group of Skeleton
- Axial Skeleton
2. Appendicular Skeleton
support and protects the head and trunk.
Axial skeleton
How many bones are there in axial skeleton?
80 bones
allow the body to move in various positions and from place to place.
Appendicular skeleton
How many bones are there in Appendicular skeleton?
126 Bones
is the term given to the development and formation of bones.
Ossification
Two distinct processes of ossification
- Intramembranous
2. Endochondral
Bones that
develop from fibrous mem branes in the
embryo produce the flat bones—bones of the
skull, clavicles, mandible, and sternum.
Entermembranous Ossification
produces the short, irregular, and long bones.
Endochondral ossification
Endochondral ossification occurs from two distinct centers of development called
- Primary
2. Secondary
begins before birth and forms the entire bulk of the short and irregular bones.
Primary ossification
occurs after birth when a separate bone begins to develop at both ends of every long bone. Each end is called the epiphysis.
Secondary ossification
Classification of Bones
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
found in limbs. Consist primarily of a long cylindric shaft called the body and two enlarged, rounded ends that contain a smooth, slippery articular surface. A layer of articular cartilage covers this surface.
Long Bone
consist mainly of cancellous bone containing red marrow and have a thin outer layer of compact bone
Short Bone
consists largely of two table of compact bone. The narrow pace between the inner and outer table contain cancellous bone and red marrow, or diploe
Flat bone
their peculiar shape and variety of forms do not place them in any other category. Like other bone , they have compact bone on the exterior and cancellous bone containing red marrow in the interior
Irregular bone
very small and oval. They develop inside and beside tendon. Their function is to protect the tendon from excessive wear.
Sesamoid bone
