Rad 260: Safety

Question 1

Kerma is an acronym for

Answer 1

kinetic energy released in matter, kinetic energy released in material, kinetic energy released per unit mass

Question 2

1 Gy =

Answer 2

1 joule/kilogram (J/kg)

Question 3

Unit of absorbed dose Is

Answer 3

The Amount of energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue and the Unit of measurement of tissue is gray (Gy); normally expressed as Gyt (t indicates tissue)

Question 4

WR

Answer 4

Weighting factor

Question 5

Unit of measurement for tissue

Answer 5

sievert (Sv)

Question 6

Sievert equation

Answer 6

Sv = Gy × WR

Question 7

SI unit Is

Answer 7

Becquerel (Bq)

Question 8

WT

Answer 8

Tissue weighting factor

Question 9

Safe use of radiation in diagnostic imaging Is used to

Answer 9

determine the extent of disease or injury should outweigh the risk involved from the exposure

Question 10

Results of ionization in human cells

Answer 10

a.Unstable atoms
b.Free electrons
c.Production of low-energy x-rays
d.Formation of new molecules harmful to the cell
e.Cell damage may be exhibited as abnormal function or loss of function

Question 11

Somatic damage

Answer 11

Damage to the exposed individual

Question 12

Genetic damage

Answer 12

Damage to the genetic code of the germ cell contained in the DNA; may be passed to the next generation

Question 13

How much does natural radiation contribute to annual dose?

Answer 13

3.0 mSv Or 48%

Question 14

What is the largest source of natural background radiation?

Answer 14

Radon

Question 15

How much does medical background radiation contribute to annual dose?

Answer 15

3.2 mSv or 50%

Question 16

Humane made background radiation contributes _____% of annual dose.

Answer 16

2%

Question 17

CT accounts for _____% of radiation exposure.

Answer 17

24%

Question 18

What are the 2 Types of cell damage

Answer 18

somatic And genetic

Question 19

Attenuation Is

Answer 19

Absorption and scatter (loss of intensity) of the x-ray beam as it passes through the patient

Question 20

Heterogeneous beam:

Answer 20

X-ray beam that contains photons of many different energies

Question 21

Most common photon–tissue interactions in diagnostic radiography are

Answer 21

photoelectric and Compton interactions

Question 22

Photoelectric interaction results in

Answer 22

complete absorption of an incoming x-ray photon; this interaction produces contrast in the radiographic image

Question 23

Compton interaction results in

Answer 23

scattering of the incoming x-ray photon; scatter produced by this interaction must be removed from the beam before it strikes the image receptor

Question 24

Compton scatter is

Answer 24

the source of exposure to the radiographer or radiologist during fluoroscopy

Question 25

What does the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) do?

Answer 25

Conducts research and provides recommendations on radiation protection to the worldwide community based on fundamental scientific principles

Question 26

What does the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) do?

Answer 26

Formulates and publishes scientifically researched recommendations on radiation protection and measurements in the United States

Question 27

What is the effective does limit ?

Answer 27

Upper boundary dose that can be absorbed, either in a single exposure or annually, with a negligible risk for somatic or genetic damage to the individual

Question 28

Dose-response relationships Are

Answer 28

Linear-nonthreshold

Question 29

What do Nonlinear-threshold relationships do

Answer 29

Indicates that at lower doses of radiation exposure (to the left of the curve intersecting the x-axis), no response is expected

Question 30

What are the three main parts of a cell?

Answer 30

1. Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus