RAD 210 Ch.4 Upper Limb

Question 1

Proximal Row of Carpal bones - Beginning of Row.

Answer 1

Scaphoid

Question 2

Proximal Row of Carpal Row- Second

Answer 2

Lunate

Question 3

Proximal Row of Carpal Bones- Third

Answer 3

Triquetrum

Question 4

Proximal Row of Carpal Bones- Fourth

Answer 4

Pisiform

Question 5

Distal Row of Carpal Bones- First

Answer 5

Trapezium

Question 6

Distal Row of Carpal Bones- Second

Answer 6

Trapezoid

Question 7

Distal Row of Carpal Bones- Third

Answer 7

Capitate

Question 8

Distal Row of Carpal Bones- Fourth

Answer 8

Hamate

Question 9

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges; distal metacarpal; and associated joints
• Pathologic processes, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

Answer 9

Pa Projection—Fingers

Question 10

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges; distal metacarpal; and associated joints
• Pathologies such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

Answer 10

Pa Oblique Projection—Medial or Lateral Rotation: Fingers

Question 11

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges; distal metacarpal; and associated joints
• Pathologic processes, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

Answer 11

Lateromedial or Mediolateral Projections—Fingers

Question 12

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the distal and proximal phalanges, distal metacarpal, and associated joints
• Pathologic processes, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

Answer 12

Ap Projection—Thumb

Question 13

Clinical Indications
• Base of first metacarpal is demonstrated for ruling out Bennett fracture.

Answer 13

Ap Axial Projection (Modified Robert Method) —Thumb

Question 14

Clinical Indications
• Fractures, dislocations, or foreign bodies of the phalanges, metacarpals, and all joints of the hand
• Pathologic processes such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

Answer 14

PA Projection—Hand

Question 15

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the phalanges, metacarpals, and all joints of the hand
• Pathologic processes, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

Answer 15

PA Oblique Projection—Hand

Question 16

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the phalanges, anterior/posterior displaced fractures, and dislocations of the metacarpals
• Pathologic processes, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis especially in the phalanges

Answer 16

FAN” Lateral—Lateromedial Projection: Hand

Question 17

Clinical Indications
• The lateral in either extension or flexion is an alternative to the fan lateral for localization of foreign bodies of the hand and fingers; it also demonstrates anterior or posterior displaced fractures of the metacarpals.
The lateral in a natural flexed position may be less painful for the patient.

Answer 17

Lateral in Extension and Flexion—Lateromedial Projections: Hand

Question 18

Clinical Indications
• Fractures of distal radius or ulna, isolated fractures of radial or ulnar styloid processes, and fractures of individual carpal bones
• Pathologic processes, such as osteomyelitis and arthritis

Answer 18

PA Oblique Projection—Lateral Rotation: Wrist

Question 19

Clinical Indications
• Fractures or dislocations of the distal radius or ulna, specifically anteroposterior fragment displacements for Barton, Colles, or Smith fractures
• Osteoarthritis also may be demonstrated primarily in the trapezium and first CMC joint

Answer 19

Lateromedial Projection—Wrist

Question 20

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the radius or ulna
• Pathologic processes such as osteomyelitis or arthritis

Answer 20

AP Projection—Forearm

Question 21

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the radius or ulna
• Pathologic processes, such as osteomyelitis or arthritis

Answer 21

Lateromedial Projection—Forearm

Question 22

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the elbow
• Pathologic processes, such as osteomyelitis and arthritis

Answer 22

AP Projection—Elbow

Question 23

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the elbow
• Pathologic processes, such as osteomyelitis and arthritis

Answer 23

AP Projection—Alternate Partial Flexion: Elbow

Question 24

Clinical Indications
• Fractures and dislocations of the elbow, primarily the coronoid process
• Certain pathologic processes, such as osteoporosis and arthritis

Answer 24

AP Oblique Projection—Medial (Internal) Rotation: Elbow

Question 25

Clinical Indications • Fractures and dislocations of the elbow • Certain bony pathologic processes, such as osteomyelitis and arthritis • Elevated or displaced fat pads of the elbow joint may be visualized

Answer 25

Lateromedial Projection—Elbow

Question 26

Number of Phalanges (fingers and thumb)

Answer 26

14

Question 27

Number of Metacarpals (palm)

Answer 27

5

Question 28

Number of Carpals (wrist)

Answer 28

8

Question 29

The metacarpals articulate with the phalanges at their distal ends

Answer 29

metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints

Question 30

At the proximal end, the metacarpals articulate with the respective carpals

Answer 30

carpometacarpal (CMC) joints.

Question 31

Interphalangeal joints

Answer 31

Ginglymus (hinge)

Question 32

Metacarpophalangeal joints

Answer 32

Metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 33

Carpometacarpal joints - First digit (thumb)

Answer 33

Saddle (sellar)

Question 34

. Carpometacarpal joints - Second to fifth digits

Answer 34

Plane (gliding)

Question 35

Intercarpal joints

Answer 35

Plane (gliding)

Question 36

Wrist (radiocarpal) joint

Answer 36

Ellipsoidal (condyloid)

Question 37

Proximal: radioulnar

Answer 37

Pivot (trochoidal) joint

Question 38

Elbow joint - Humeroulnar and humeroradial

Answer 38

Ginglymus (hinge)

Question 39

common minimum source to image receptor distance (SID)

Answer 39

is 40 to 44 inches (100 to 110 cm)

Question 40

The principal exposure factors for radiography of the upper limbs

Answer 40

1. Lower to medium kVp (60 to 80—digital) 2. Short exposure time 3. Small focal spot 4. Adequate mAs for sufficient density (brightness)

Question 41

Increase in exposure- Small to medium plaster cast

Answer 41

Increase 5 to 7 kVp

Question 42

increase in Exposure- Large plaster cast

Answer 42

Increase 8 to 10 kVp

Question 43

Increase exposure- Fiberglass cast

Answer 43

Increase 3 to 4 kVp

Question 44

three positioning principles should be remembered for upper limb examinations

Answer 44

1. Part should be parallel to plane of IR. 2. CR should be 90° or perpendicular to part and IR, unless a specific CR angle is indicated. 3. CR should be directed to correct centering point.

Question 45

Interphalangeal joint movement

Answer 45

Ginglymus

Question 46

Carpometacarpal of first digit joint movement

Answer 46

Saddle

Question 47

Elbow Joint joint movement

Answer 47

Ginglymus

Question 48

MCP of second and 5th digit joint movement

Answer 48

Ellipsoidal

Question 49

Radiocarpal joint movement

Answer 49

Ellipsoidal

Question 50

Intercarpal joint movement

Answer 50

Plane

Question 51

Elbow Joint joint movement

Answer 51

Ginglymus

Question 52

Proximal Radioulnar joint movement

Answer 52

Pivot