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rad 1 > rad 1 exam 1 > Flashcards

rad 1 exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

higher energy photons are present with which?

A

higher frequency

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2
Q

dosimerty is used for what?

A

detecting radiation

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3
Q

which year was the x ray discovered

A

1895

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4
Q

what is the primary factor for radiographic contrast

A

kV

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5
Q

what effect would reducing the FFD have?

A

the number of x rays reaching the film increases

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6
Q

what is considered the standard tube distance for SID?

A

40 & 72

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7
Q

what is the purpose of the rectifiers?

A

changes the current from alternating to direct

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8
Q

the calculation of mA X time X kVp determines which of the following?

A

the heat units

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9
Q

which of the following with reduce penumbra?

A

small focal spot

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10
Q

which of the following is the usual tube warm up?

A

2 exposures with the 2nd using 2 times the mAs

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11
Q

if you wanted to produce more x rays what would you do?

A

increase the mA

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12
Q

a decrease in the anode angle would have whiich effect?

A

a smaller effective focal spot

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13
Q

anode heel effect refers to what?

A

a reduced intensity of the x ray beam on the anode side of the tube

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14
Q

what is the method of choice for limiting the size of an xray beam?

A

collimator

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15
Q

where should compensating filtration be used when taking a lateral thoracic film?

A

the lower thoracic spine

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16
Q

“added” filtration is a term used for what?

A

filtration that is between the port and collimeter

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17
Q

the tube stand should only be moved after what has occured?

A

the lock has been released

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18
Q

the 10 day rule refers to which of the following?`

A

10 days after the onset of menses is the safest times for x raying

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19
Q

“added” filtration is a term used for what?

A

filtration that is between the port and collimator

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20
Q

the tube stand should only be moved after what has occurred?

A

the lock has been released

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21
Q

how much lead equivalency do most shielding devices have in them?

A

0.5 mm

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22
Q

radon comes in use in which form?

A

alpha particles. gas

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23
Q

natural background radiation accounts for about how much of the average annual exposure of ionizing radiation?

A

80%

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24
Q

which of the following is NOT a property of x ray?

A

they are stored in matter

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25
Q

how many rads are in a gray?

A

100

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26
Q

which unit measure is usually used for reporting occupational exposure to radiation?

A

REM

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27
Q

the focal spot size is usually set in conclusion with what?

A

the high voltage circuit

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28
Q

what would happen if you lengthened the time of an exposure?

A

you would increase the number of photons hitting the patient

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29
Q

what is the primary factor responsible for the “quality” of an x ray beam?

A

mA

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30
Q

the mA setting determines what?

A

the current going thru the filament

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31
Q

what would have the least fluctuation in the kV level?

A

high frequency

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32
Q

what propels the electrons in an x ray tube?

A

the kV

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33
Q

what part of the xray tube is the target located in?

A

anode

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34
Q

the term “ thermionic emission” if most closely related to what?

A

the cloud of electrons at the filament

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35
Q

what is true about the dual focus tube?

A

has 2 filaments

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36
Q

the purpose of the collimator shutters is to..

A

absorb unneeded x rays

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37
Q

what is the best way to identify a patients film?

A

a flash on label before processing

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38
Q

what is true about x rays?

A

some materials fluoresce when exposed to them

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39
Q

the initials FFD TFD and SID refer to what?

A

the distance between the source of the x ray and the film

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40
Q

what is the most commonly used dosimeter?

A

a film badge

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41
Q

the number of electrons id controlled by the …

A

low voltage circuit

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42
Q

what effect would a smaller anode angle have compared to a larger one?

A

it would create a clearer image

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43
Q

what is a characteristic of an x ray?

A

a short wave length

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44
Q

of the different types of radiation which is associated with biological effects?

A

ionizing

45
Q

what is the most helpful in producing a good quality AP full spine x ray?

A

having the anode toward the cervical

46
Q

positive beam limitation systems PBL would include what?

A

semiautomatic collimation

47
Q

what is used to tell us that the xray beam is pentered to the part being radiographed?

A

the light and mirror

48
Q

at a set FFD and film size the less collimation used the …..it will me

A

darker

49
Q

from where does the electron cloud dorm?

A

the filament

50
Q

what part of the tube complex allows one to move the tube stand?

A

the tube track

51
Q

the 10 day rule concerns

A

patients during a 10 dat period from the onsets of menses

52
Q

who is credited to the discover of x rays?

A

WC Roentgen

53
Q

if you had a film that is too dark what would solve your problem?

A

decrease the mAs

54
Q

the :useful beam” exits which part of the tube?

A

window

55
Q

what is the international unit designated for the rad?

A

gray

56
Q

the filament is surround by what structure?

A

the focusing cup

57
Q

what limits the size of the useful x ray beam

A

collimator

58
Q

year x ray was discovered?

A

1895

59
Q

what is recommended for a full spine film?

A

compensating filtration

60
Q

what part of the tubes main function is to remove the soft rays?

A

the tube filters

61
Q

where is oil found normally in the tube complex?

A

between the tube and the tube housing

62
Q

kV is the primary controlling factor of what?

A

contrast

63
Q

what is the last thing you should do before pressing the expose button?

A

activate the rotor

64
Q

the main purpose of the oil in the tube is to aid in…

A

cooling the tube

65
Q

what type of anode should you use>

A

rotating

66
Q

what is the : half value layer” HVL used for?

A

for filtration recommendations

67
Q

what is the “half value layer” HVL used for?

A

for filtration recommendations

68
Q

of our body systems which will require the most reaction in an acute blast to affect it?

A

nervous system

69
Q

if you had a film that was too dark what would you do?

A

decrease the mAs

70
Q

what would cause a penumbra?

A

a large focal spot

71
Q

the x ray is produced by which tube part?

A

the target

72
Q

what is the anode heel responsible for?

A

a reduction in the beam intensity

73
Q

what part of the tube prevents the electron cloud from dispensing beyond desired location?

A

the focusing cup

74
Q

the filtration of the x ray beam as it thru the collimator if mostly due to the ..

A

shutters

75
Q

if you were taking an AP open mouth film for an upper cervial what would you use?

A

use selective filtration over the eyes

76
Q

the single greatest risk for a fetus from ionizing radiation is…

A

childhood leukemia

77
Q

if you took a radiogragh at 72” and then took another of the same view at 40” what would you have to do maintain the same radiograohic density?

A

decrease the mAs by 1/3

78
Q

what are examples of ionizing radation?

A

x rays and gamma radiation

79
Q

what type of dose is attributed to have harmful effects from low levels of radiation?

A

gecetic

80
Q

the large or small focal spot is usually set simultaneously with what?

A

the millamperes

81
Q

if you wanted to increase the the number of photons reaching your film what would you do?

A

increase the mA

82
Q

what govern the speed of electrons

A

kV

83
Q

what is responsible for changing AC current to DC current?

A

a rectifier

84
Q

how would one figure heat units of one wanted?

A

mA X time X kVp

85
Q

how much of the energy created by an exposure in an xray tube is useful for the producction of a radiograph

A

1%

86
Q

what is the function of the anode?

A

to stop the electrons

87
Q

what produces thermionic emission?

A

the low voltage circuit

88
Q

the “boiling off” of electrons is known as what?

A

thermionic emissions

89
Q

where is the added filtration located?

A

on the port of the tube housing

90
Q

Which is the largest contributor to the average persons annual exposure from man made sources?

A

Diagnostic X-ray

91
Q

On the average, which of the following accounts for over 50% of the typical person’s annual radiation exposure

A

Radon

92
Q

Of the following what makes x-ray potentially dangerous

A

They are ionizing

93
Q

which of the following travels at less than the speed of light?

A

Radon

94
Q

ALPHA particles are MOST harmful in people when they do what with them

A

Inhale them

95
Q

the FIRST radiographic print was of what body part?

A

Hand

96
Q

kV is the primary controlling factor for which of the following?

A

Contrast

97
Q

when would you apply the inverse (70/42)

A

When changing the tube distance

98
Q

the initial FFD, TFD, SID refer to what?

A

the distance between the source of the ray and film

99
Q

What does the P, in kVP stand for?

A

Peak

100
Q

the number of electrons is controlled by the

A

low voltage circuit

101
Q

what connects the transformer with the tube

A

the cables

102
Q

what is the minimum anode angle that can be used if you are going to take a 14/36 full spine film

A

14 degrees

103
Q

if you looked into the port of a used x-ray tube and saw that the entire surface of the anode had bumps, what term would describe its appearance

A

anode pitting

104
Q

which structure is responsible for confining the cloud of electrons

A

the focusing cup

105
Q

the purpose of the collimator shutters is to

A

absorb unneeded rays

106
Q

which is the most common reason that compensating filtration is used

A

to reduce film density

107
Q

which of the following parts of the tube complex contains lead?

A

the tube housing

108
Q

An acute exposure of 4 rads would probably have what effect on a pregnant female’s fetus?

A

none, 4 rads is too little

rad 1 (1 decks)

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