Rad 1 5/20 test Flashcards
Cells that are MOST sensitive to ionizing radiation are rapidly dividing cells. These cells include:
Growth, gonadal, neoplastic and metabolically active cells.
Other cells that are affected by ionizing radiation are:
Bone, lymphatics, dermis and blood forming cells.
Damage done to the body that shows later in life is called?
Somatic damage
Signs of somatic damage include?
Cancer, cataracts, aplastic anemia and sterility
Damage or injury that occurs to the genes of the individual is called?
Genetic damage
1 Gy=?
100 rad (radiation absorbed dose)
Safe operating procedures include?
Technique charts, positioning aids, PPE, dosimeter, emergency plan, quality control
Single exposure to what is lethal in humans?
300 rad or 3 Gy
What does MPD stand for?
Maximum Permissible Dose
What does ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
What is the name of the committee/ council that sets standards for radiation safety?
NCRP
What is the quantity of energy given off to matter?
Absorbed dose
What is the unit for absorbed dose?
Gy (gray)
What is the quantity of radiation per unit of mass taking into consideration the biologic effect on specific tissue types?
Dose equivalent
What is the unit for dose equivalent?
Sv
What were Sv’s previously called?
Rem (Roengten equivalent man)
What is the MPD per year for non-occupational individuals?
0.005Sv every year
What is the MPD per year for occupational individuals?
0.05Sv every year
Personal radiation moniotoring device that should be worn at all times is called?
Dosimeter
What type of dosimeter is most common?
Film badge
What do Thermoluminescent Dosimeters contain?
Calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride
When TLD’s are heated they emit?
Light that is proportional to radiation exposure/ absorbed dose
Secondary radiation is also known as?
Scatter
What is the thickness of lead found in radiology PPE?
0.5mm
What is used to reduce the amount of scatter radiation?
Collimator
What 3 things are required when taking radiographs?
Decreased exposure time, increased distance from patient, and increased shielding
How should aprons be hung when not in use?
Hung vertical over a rounded surface.
How should gloves be stored when not in use?
Should be hung on vertical holders
How often is the PPE inspected manually?
At least quarterly
How often is PPE inspected radiographically
Anually
What color are the cracks on PPE when radiographed?
Black
Which trimester of pregnancy is at most risk?
First
What generations do genetic damage most often effect?
2nd or 3rd
What are some symtoms of radiation poisoning?
GI, flu-like symptoms
How can you decrease patient exposure?
Avoid retakes, use collimation and use gonad shield
1Sv=?
100Rem
How often are film badges sent in for evaluation?
Monthly
Where should dosimeters be kept at all times during radiography?
Collar level
What will increase as the kVp increases?
Scatter
What does Absorbed Dose mean?
The quantity of energy imparted by ionizing radiations to matter.
What does Dose Equivalent mean?
The quantity obtained by multiplying the absorbed dose in tissue by the quality factor.
What does Dosimeter mean?
A device used to measure radiation exposure to personnel.
What does dosimetry mean?
Various methods used to measure radiation exposure to personnel.
What is a Film Badge?
A method of dosimetry consisting of a plastic holder with a radiation-sensitive film in a lightproof package.
What is Fluoroscopy?
A special radiographic diagnostic method in which a “live view” of the internal anatomy is possible.
What is Genetic Damage?
Effects of radiation that occur to the genes of reproductive cells.
What is Gray(Gy)?
The unit of absorbed dose imparted by ionizing radiations to matter (1 gray equals 100 rad).
What does Hemopoietic mean?
Anatomic areas where red blood cells are produced.
What does Leukopoietic mean?
Anatomic areas where white blood cells are produced.
What does MPD mean?
The maximum dose of radiation a person may receive in a given time period.
What is a Pocket Ionization Chamber?
A method of dosimetry consisting of a charged ion chamber and electrometer which can be read immediately to determine amount of exposure.
What is a Primary beam?
The path that the x-rays follow as they leave the tube.
What is Secondary Radiation?
Commonly called “scatter radiation”, it is caused by interaction of the primary beam with objects in its path.
What is a Sievert (Sv)?
The dose of radiation equivalent to the absorbed dose in tissue (1Sv equals 100 rem)
What is Somatic Damage?
Damage to the body induced by radiation that becomes manifest within the lifetime of the recipient.
What is a Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD)?
A method of dosmetry consisting of a chamber containing special compounds that become electrically altered by ionizing radiation.
