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Anesthesia 2 > Rad 1 5/20 test > Flashcards

Rad 1 5/20 test Flashcards

1
Q

Cells that are MOST sensitive to ionizing radiation are rapidly dividing cells. These cells include:

A

Growth, gonadal, neoplastic and metabolically active cells.

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2
Q

Other cells that are affected by ionizing radiation are:

A

Bone, lymphatics, dermis and blood forming cells.

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3
Q

Damage done to the body that shows later in life is called?

A

Somatic damage

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4
Q

Signs of somatic damage include?

A

Cancer, cataracts, aplastic anemia and sterility

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5
Q

Damage or injury that occurs to the genes of the individual is called?

A

Genetic damage

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6
Q

1 Gy=?

A

100 rad (radiation absorbed dose)

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7
Q

Safe operating procedures include?

A

Technique charts, positioning aids, PPE, dosimeter, emergency plan, quality control

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8
Q

Single exposure to what is lethal in humans?

A

300 rad or 3 Gy

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9
Q

What does MPD stand for?

A

Maximum Permissible Dose

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10
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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11
Q

What is the name of the committee/ council that sets standards for radiation safety?

A

NCRP

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12
Q

What is the quantity of energy given off to matter?

A

Absorbed dose

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13
Q

What is the unit for absorbed dose?

A

Gy (gray)

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14
Q

What is the quantity of radiation per unit of mass taking into consideration the biologic effect on specific tissue types?

A

Dose equivalent

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15
Q

What is the unit for dose equivalent?

A

Sv

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16
Q

What were Sv’s previously called?

A

Rem (Roengten equivalent man)

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17
Q

What is the MPD per year for non-occupational individuals?

A

0.005Sv every year

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18
Q

What is the MPD per year for occupational individuals?

A

0.05Sv every year

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19
Q

Personal radiation moniotoring device that should be worn at all times is called?

A

Dosimeter

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20
Q

What type of dosimeter is most common?

A

Film badge

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21
Q

What do Thermoluminescent Dosimeters contain?

A

Calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride

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22
Q

When TLD’s are heated they emit?

A

Light that is proportional to radiation exposure/ absorbed dose

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23
Q

Secondary radiation is also known as?

A

Scatter

24
Q

What is the thickness of lead found in radiology PPE?

A

0.5mm

25
Q

What is used to reduce the amount of scatter radiation?

A

Collimator

26
Q

What 3 things are required when taking radiographs?

A

Decreased exposure time, increased distance from patient, and increased shielding

27
Q

How should aprons be hung when not in use?

A

Hung vertical over a rounded surface.

28
Q

How should gloves be stored when not in use?

A

Should be hung on vertical holders

29
Q

How often is the PPE inspected manually?

A

At least quarterly

30
Q

How often is PPE inspected radiographically

A

Anually

31
Q

What color are the cracks on PPE when radiographed?

A

Black

32
Q

Which trimester of pregnancy is at most risk?

A

First

33
Q

What generations do genetic damage most often effect?

A

2nd or 3rd

34
Q

What are some symtoms of radiation poisoning?

A

GI, flu-like symptoms

35
Q

How can you decrease patient exposure?

A

Avoid retakes, use collimation and use gonad shield

36
Q

1Sv=?

A

100Rem

37
Q

How often are film badges sent in for evaluation?

A

Monthly

38
Q

Where should dosimeters be kept at all times during radiography?

A

Collar level

39
Q

What will increase as the kVp increases?

A

Scatter

40
Q

What does Absorbed Dose mean?

A

The quantity of energy imparted by ionizing radiations to matter.

41
Q

What does Dose Equivalent mean?

A

The quantity obtained by multiplying the absorbed dose in tissue by the quality factor.

42
Q

What does Dosimeter mean?

A

A device used to measure radiation exposure to personnel.

43
Q

What does dosimetry mean?

A

Various methods used to measure radiation exposure to personnel.

44
Q

What is a Film Badge?

A

A method of dosimetry consisting of a plastic holder with a radiation-sensitive film in a lightproof package.

45
Q

What is Fluoroscopy?

A

A special radiographic diagnostic method in which a “live view” of the internal anatomy is possible.

46
Q

What is Genetic Damage?

A

Effects of radiation that occur to the genes of reproductive cells.

47
Q

What is Gray(Gy)?

A

The unit of absorbed dose imparted by ionizing radiations to matter (1 gray equals 100 rad).

48
Q

What does Hemopoietic mean?

A

Anatomic areas where red blood cells are produced.

49
Q

What does Leukopoietic mean?

A

Anatomic areas where white blood cells are produced.

50
Q

What does MPD mean?

A

The maximum dose of radiation a person may receive in a given time period.

51
Q

What is a Pocket Ionization Chamber?

A

A method of dosimetry consisting of a charged ion chamber and electrometer which can be read immediately to determine amount of exposure.

52
Q

What is a Primary beam?

A

The path that the x-rays follow as they leave the tube.

53
Q

What is Secondary Radiation?

A

Commonly called “scatter radiation”, it is caused by interaction of the primary beam with objects in its path.

54
Q

What is a Sievert (Sv)?

A

The dose of radiation equivalent to the absorbed dose in tissue (1Sv equals 100 rem)

55
Q

What is Somatic Damage?

A

Damage to the body induced by radiation that becomes manifest within the lifetime of the recipient.

56
Q

What is a Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD)?

A

A method of dosmetry consisting of a chamber containing special compounds that become electrically altered by ionizing radiation.

Anesthesia 2 (9 decks)

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