Racism Pg 60-63 Flashcards
What does miles argue about racism?
Racism is a reason why ethnic minority groups are more likely than whites to be at the bottom of the stratification system.
System of beliefs and practices exclude people from aspects of social life on the grounds of racial or ethnic background
What do heath and Rothon (2003) argue about prejudice?
The British social attitudes survey in 1983 found 35% if adults described themselves as prejudiced against other races which rose to a peak of 39% in 1987 before steadily falling to 25% in 2000. Yet in 2002 this jumped to 31% (post 911)
What did Connolly and Keenan (2000) find about prejudice? (3)
1/4 of respondents were unwilling to accept either an Afro-Caribbean, Chinese or south Asian person as a resident in their area.
40% stated that they would not accept these individuals as close friends.
54% of respondents were unwilling to accept a person of south Asian origin as a relative by marriage
What did the 2006 Channel 4 survey ‘how racist is Britain’ find? (3)
Attitudes of 1000 white Britain’s found that 84% said they were not prejudiced and only 1% admitted to being ‘very prejudiced’.
The oldest and youngest parts of the sample were the most open minded about mixing with ethnic minority people, with the most racist being aged 45-65
People have very contradictory views on race with some suspicious of unfamiliar cultures and others extremely tolerant.
What did Rothon and Heath (II) find about prejudice?
Rise in prejudice since 2001 has been fuelled by hostile newspaper coverage of immigration and asylum seekers
What does Barker (1982) argue about prejudice?
Mass media representations of ethnic minorities are symbolic of a new type of prejudice which is the product of new right politicians and journalists.
This prejudice highlights ‘cultural difference’ suggesting traditional English culture is under threat by E.M because they are not committed to integration
How do tabloid media present E.M?
Sun and Daily Mail portray black people, Muslims, and migrants as a ‘problem’ shown as relying off welfare benefits and criminals
What does Barker conclude about tabloid media representation of E.M
Media representations okay down the problem of white prejudice and instead strongly imply that the fault lies with the reluctance of E.M to adopt British culture
What does the Runnymede Trust (1997) identify about prejudice?
Identified a number of components of islamophobia and hostility:
1) Islam is seen as a monolithic bloc, static and unresponsive to change
2) Islam is seen as inferior to the west (barbaric, irrational, primitive and sexist)
3) Islam is seen as violent, aggressive, supportive of terrorism and threatening as its engaged in the ‘clash of civilisations’
Describe institutional racism
Racism is a basic feature of the rules and routines of GB social institutions (police, courts, government, media, education, employment and housing).
Racism is taken for granted and is so common it’s not recognised as racism.
What did Lord Macphersons 1998 report find? Oh
Found that the metropolitan police were guilty of institutional racism defined as ‘unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and racial stereotyping which disadvantaged minority groups.’
E.g the police failed to recognise that Stephen Lawrence was murdered because he was black and also treated his black best friend as a suspect not a witness to the actions of white males (1993)
No one has been convicted of the crime
What did Holdaway (2005) and Bowling and Phillips (2007) find about prejudice?
An occupation police culture exists where officers believe that blacks people are naturally more criminal than white people.
These officers use derogatory al gauge and jokes when discussing E.M with fellow officers.
What did the Panorama investigation into police cadets in 2005 find?
Little was being done into preventing recruits with racist attitudes from joining the police (secrete policeman)
What did Holdaway find about prejudice?
Found that E.M officers experience racist bullying from fellow white officers.
What did London Met advise in 2008
Advised black and Asian people not to join the police in 2008 because of racist experiences.
