Racism Flashcards
What does it mean to say that religion and race are social constructs?
They are ideas shaped by societies rather than biological facts. Societies define and redefine these categories based on power dynamics and historical contexts.
How was religious difference used during European colonization?
It justified racial hierarchies. For example, Indigenous spiritual practices were labeled “inferior” or “savage” to legitimize colonial violence.
What is “limpieza de sangre,” and how did it relate to the Spanish Inquisition?
“Limpieza de sangre” (“purity of blood”) enforced suspicion of converts from Judaism and Islam, suggesting their ancestry remained impure.
What is the racialization of religion?
The association of specific religious groups with racial or ethnic identities, such as treating Jews as a racial group or grouping Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims together as “brown.”
How did religion play a role in the Civil Rights Movement?
Places of worship provided spaces for political organizing and spiritual resilience, becoming central to the movement.
What is “New Racism”?
It suggests that racism today is masked behind socially accepted ideologies and language, often referred to as “color-blind racism.”
Name some organized white supremacist hate groups in Canada and the US.
Stormfront, Aryan Nations, Blood and Honour, Proud Boys, White Aryan Resistance, KKK, and Church of the Creator.
What is the legal definition of hate crimes in Canada?
Acts committed to intimidate, harm, or terrify an entire group of people based on their race, religion, color, ethnic origin, or sexual orientation.
What are victimization-type surveys?
Surveys that assess individuals’ sense of being victims of racism or beliefs that certain groups are targets of discrimination.
What are social distance surveys used for?
To measure levels of comfort and discomfort people feel toward members of different groups, serving as a proxy for racial prejudice.
What did Bailey’s 2016 study of Indigenous students reveal?
Indigenous students experience microaggressions such as social isolation, cultural misrepresentation, and lack of opportunities to engage with Indigenous knowledge.
Why are victimization surveys criticized?
Institutional authorities may dismiss them, believing visible minorities are too eager to identify racism as a problem.
What is “color-blind racism”?
A form of racism where negative views about racialized groups are expressed without explicitly mentioning “race” or skin color.
How does racism manifest on the internet?
Through the activities of racist organizations, hate speech, and challenges in distinguishing freedom of expression from hate crimes.
What are the limitations of victimization surveys in measuring racism?
Individuals may not recognize or define their experiences as discrimination, and results are often dismissed as biased or subjective.
