Racial/Cultural Identity Development

Question 1

What are the benefits of racial/cultural models?

Answer 1

assess a minority individuals reactions to counseling in general, counseling techniques and to the counselor.

acknowledge sociopolitical influences of racism, prejudice, and oppression upon the identity transformation of their victims.

Question 2

What are some racial identity assumptions?

Answer 2

Racism permeates all aspects of life

P.O.C. are socialized to US society and therefor are exposed to biases, sterotypes, and racism of the society

Question 3

What are the 5 phases of the Racial/Cultural identity model?

Answer 3

1. Conformity
2. Dissonance
3. Resistance and Immersion
4. Introspection
5. Integrative awareness

Question 4

What are characteristics of someone in the Conformity phase?

Answer 4

Preference for the dominant culture.

Attempt to assimilate and acculturate to white society.

May reject or become ashamed of their own group.

May incorporate negative stereotypes that set up self-fulfilling prophecies

Question 5

Why does conformity happen?

Answer 5

Ethnocentric monculturalism

Align self with greater power to protect from feelings of inferiority

Question 6

What is the internal self-esteem of a person who is in the conformity phase?

Answer 6

Low

Question 7

What phase is someone in if their role models, lifestyles and value systems all follow the dominant group?

Answer 7

Conformity

Question 8

What are the therapeutic implications to consider when working with someone in the conformity phase?

Answer 8

Prefers White therapist and seeks approval from or to identify with therapist

Exploring cultural identity is threatening and prefers task oriented, problem solving approach

Question 9

What is the goal in therapy with someone in conformity phase?

Answer 9

sort out conflicts related to R/CID

move from self-deception to self-awareness

Question 10

When there is conflict between disparate pieces of information or experiences that challenge current self-concept, you are in the ______ phase?

Answer 10

Dissonance

Question 11

In moving from the conformity stage to the dissonance stage, what begins to break down and causes questioning of attitudes, beliefs, and values?

Answer 11

denial

Question 12

In the dissonance phase, what feelings develop that leads to a sense of conflict?

Answer 12

Shame and pride

Question 13

What are some things that someone who is in the dissonance stage starts becoming aware of?

Answer 13

Racism exists

not all aspects of majority or minority culture are bad

one cannot escape cultural heritage

Question 14

What are some therapeutic implications to consider with someone in the dissonance stage?

Answer 14

May prefer counselor with good knowledge of client’s cultural group

work on self-identity and self-esteem

Question 15

What is the goal with someone who is in the dissonance stage?

Answer 15

explore the conflicting beliefs and feelings

Question 16

What are some feelings that are associated with individuals in the Resistance and Immersion stage?

Answer 16

Anger, rejection and suspicion of dominant society and culture

Question 17

What stage are you in if you endorse minority-held views completely and reject and react to views/values of the dominant culture

Answer 17

Resistance and Immersion

Question 18

Where does a lot of the anger come from in someone who is in the resistance and immersion stage?

Answer 18

The feeling of being brainwashed by the dominant society

Guilt and shame from having been a “sell-out”

Question 19

In what stage would someone in the minority group restrict their interactions with the majority group as much as possible

Answer 19

Resistance and Immersion

Question 20

What are some therapeutic implications in the Resistance &Immersion stage?

Answer 20

Racism believed to be the contributor to psychological problems

Prefer own race therapists

Self-disclosure often necessary for credibility

open, non-defensive stance

action-oriented approaches aimed at external change

Question 21

Anger directed at dominant society is psychologically draining and discontentment and discomfort of rigid views are felt in what stage?

Answer 21

Introspection

Question 22

What are some therapeutic implications to consider in the introspection stage?

Answer 22

prefer therapist of own race but open to others who understand world view

Self-exploration approaches aimed at helping the client integrate a new sense of identity are important

Question 23

What is the goal in the introspection stage?

Answer 23

identify what they desire to distance themselves from in their minority group

Question 24

What are some characteristics of someone in the integrative awareness stage?

Answer 24

sense of security

flexible, tolerant, multicultural

acceptance of US culture seen as healthy and oppose those that are toxic

Question 25

Positive self-image, self-worth, and confidence is associated with what phase of development?

Answer 25

Integrative Awareness

Question 26

What are some therapeutic implications to consider with someone who is in the Integrative awareness stage?

Answer 26

preference for therapist not based on race but someone who can share wolrdviews

clients are action oriented and respond to strategies aimed at community and society change

Question 27

Are cultural identity models dynamic or static?

Answer 27

dynamic

Question 28

What are the two phases in the white identity model?

Answer 28

abandonment of racism

defining a non racist

Question 29

What are the 6 statuses in Helm’s White Identity model?

Answer 29

Contact

Disintegration

Reintegration

pseudo-independence

Immersion-emersion

Autonomy