Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards
affirmative action
positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities
amalgamation
the process through which a majority group and a minority group combine to form a new group
anti-semitism
anti-Jewish prejudice
apartheid
a former policy of the South African government, designed to maintain the separation of black and other non-white people for the dominant white people
assimilation
the process through which a person forsakes their cultural tradition to become part of a different culture
asylees
foreigners who have already entered a receiving country because of persecution of a well-founded fear of persecution
black power
a political philosophy, promoted by many black teenagers and young adults in the 1960s, that supported the creation of black-controlled political and economic institutions
color-blind racism
the use of the principle of race neutrality to defend a racially unequal status quo
contact hypothesis
an interactionist perspective which states that is cooperative circumstances, interracial contact between people of equal status will reduce discrimination
discrimination
the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons
ethnic group
a group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns
ethnocentrism
the tendency to assume that one’s own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others
exploitation theory
a Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism
genocide
the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation
glass ceiling
an invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual’s gender, race, or ethnicity
institutional discrimination
the denial or opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society
minority group
a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs
pluralism
mutual respect for one another’s cultures among the various groups in a society, which allows minorities to express their cultures without experiencing prejudice
prejudice
a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority
racial formation
a sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed
racial group
a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance
racial profiling
any arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person’s behavior
racism
the belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior
redlining
the pattern of discrimination against people who try to buy homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods
refugee
people living outside their country of citizenship for hear of political or religious persecution
remittances
the monies that immigrants return to their families of origin. also called migradollars
segregation
the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events; often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group
sharing economy
connecting owners of underused assets with others willing to pay to use them
stereotype
an unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group
symbolic ethnicity
an ethnic identity that emphasizes concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than deeper ties to one’s ethnic heritage
white privilege
rights or immunities granted people as a particular benefit or favor simply because they are white
