Race Relations in the US

Question 1

what amedments banned slavery

Answer 1

13th
14th
15th
24th

Question 2

what system replaced slavery in the south

Answer 2

segregation

Question 3

what laws were passed in the south to enforce segregation

Answer 3

Jim Crow laws

Question 4

examples of Jim Crow Laws

Answer 4

Anti-miscegenation laws (against interracial marriage)
Segregated facilities (separate schools, public transport, parks, restaurants, etc.)
Voter registration laws obstructing African Americans from registering to vote

Question 5

what SC case confirmed and justified jim crow laws

Answer 5

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) confirmed and justified segregation laws, and the principle of ‘separate but equal’ as constitutional

Question 6

what is a key element of continued racial discrimination

Answer 6

disenfranchisement

Question 7

ways to ‘legally’ disenfranchise AA

Answer 7

Poll tax- Requirement to pay a specific
tax to register to vote
Literacy Test - Requirement to pass a literacy
or knowledge test to register to vote
Grandfather Clause - new voter requirements did not apply to those whose ancestors (grandfathers) had the right to vote before the civil war

Question 8

interest groups campaigning for racial
rights

Answer 8

BLM
NCLR

Question 9

Methods used by race rights campaigns:

Answer 9

Direct action
Black Lives Matter motorway blockade in Seattle, 2020
2017 Day without immigrants

Question 10

legal action

Answer 10

NCLR v. Cegaske 2016

Nevada state failing to comply with
state law on provision of voter
registration application formsNCLR v. Cegaske 2016

Question 11

Three issues:

Answer 11

Voting rights
Representation
Affirmative action

Question 12

voting rights achievements

Answer 12

Voting Rights Act 1965
Banned literacy tests

Federal oversight of voter registration in states with history of race discrimination

Question 13

voting rights failures

Answer 13

Shelby county v holder 2013
for the people act 2022
ban former felons
photo ID requirements
reduced number of polling stattions
34 states now ask for some form of ID

Question 14

shelby county v holder 2013

Answer 14

Ruled that the 1965 Voting Rights Act requirement
for states with a history of voter discrimination to ask
permission to the federal government to change voter registration rules had to be updated.

Question 15

for the people act

Answer 15

Easier voter registration (same-day, automatic)
Bans states from banning former felons who have served their prison sentence from voting
All states should have early voting periods
Bans partisan gerrymandering
- filibustered

Question 16

representation achievements

Answer 16

Kamala Harris
Obama
Miller v Johnson 1995 - banned gerrybandering on racial grounds
number of EM in congress - 133

Question 17

representation failure

Answer 17

Shelby County v. Holder 2013
Removed need for Southern states to send redistricting maps for approval to federal government, increasing racial gerrymandering
opportunities
merril v milligan 2022 - SC allows alabama districting plan to remain in effect

Question 18

affirmative action achievements

Answer 18

Fisher v. University of Texas 2016
Supreme Court upheld affirmative action university admission programmes

Question 19

affirmative action failures

Answer 19

Proposition 209, California, 1996

Referendum that banned the state
government organisations (including
universities) from using affirmative action