Race Midterm Flashcards
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Gave the federal government the power to exchange native-held land East of the Mississippi for land west of Mississippi
13th Amendment
(1865) makes slavery and involuntary servitude unconstitutional in US, except as punishment for crime
14th Amendment
(1868) grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US; also guarantees citizens equal protection under law
15th Amendment
(1870) prohibits the federal government from denying anyone the right to vote based upon race, color, or previous condition of servitude
Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896) upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of “separate but equal”
Grandfather Clause
(1898) a clause in the constitutions of some Southern states after 1890 intended to permit whites to vote while disfranchising black people
Naturalization Act
(1790) first piece of legislation relating to foreign-born, stating only free white persons who had lived in the US for at least two years were eligible for citizenship
Dred Scott v. Sanford
(1857) Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in US territories
Takao Ozawa v. The United States
(1922) Supreme Court ruling that denied man citizenship because he was of the Mongolian race
United States v. Bhagalpur Singh Thind
(1923) Supreme Court ruling that denied man citizenship because he was not white
Indian Citizenship Act
(1924) United States government confers citizenship on all native Americans born within the territorial limits of the country
Chinese Exclusion Act
(1882) provided a 10 year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration
Gentleman’s Agreement
(1907) informal agreement between the US and the Japan whereby the US would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration, and Japan would not allow further emigration to the US
Immigration Act
(1924) Limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from their country who were already living in the US in 1890
Oriental Exclusion Act
(1924) excluded immigrants who were in eligible for US citizenship from entrance to US
Immigration and Nationality Act
(1965) abolished the National origins quota system that have been structured American immigration policy since the 1920s, replacing it with a preference system that focused on immigrants’ skills and family relationships with citizens or residents of the US
Bracero Program
(1942-1964) agreement between the US and Mexican government that permitted Mexican citizens to take a temporary agricultural work in the US
Operation Wetback
(1954-1955) immigration law enforcement initiative design to end illegal border crossings by Mexican nationals
Census 1900
All Native Americans are counted
Census 1930
First and only time “Mexican” is counted
Census 1940
“Mexican” is removed
Census 1960
Self-administered census
Census 1980
Creation of ethnic category “Hispanic”
Census 2000
People can choose multiple races
What was the first colony to legalize slavery?
Massachusetts (1641)
What slaves were freed by the Emancipation Proclamation Act of 1863?
Only slaves in Confederate states/territories
What did Ida B. Wells attribute as the primary reason for lynching?
“Unwritten law” to suppress blacks. Not just a reaction of an angry mob.
The government mostly forced Mexican American or Mexican citizens out of the US?
Mexican American citizens
When Mexicans were being deported, why did officials use the term repatriation instead of deportation?
Only the federal government could “deport”. It also came with the connotation of being a voluntary.
What was the first free all black settlement in the US
Fort Mose Florida
Why did Richard Allen stage America’s first to sit in?
To protest segregation in Philadelphia churches
Why did Margaret Garner kill her and kill her daughter?
The marshals were going to take them back to slavery.
“I did the best I can do”
