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Vet Sci III > Rabies Test > Flashcards

Rabies Test Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of virus is Rabies?

A

Enveloped RNA
Rhabdovirus Family
Lyssa virus genus

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2
Q

What kind of dz is Rabies?

A

Acute viral neurological dz that affects all mammals

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of Rabies?

A 
Encephalitis
Behavior change
Wound licking
Aggressive
Progressive paralysis
Death
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4
Q

Is Rabies Zoonotic? Reportable?

A

Yes, yes

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5
Q

What is Rabies resistance like?

A

Virus dies w/in 2 hours in dried saliva

Will survive in nervous tissue 24-48 hours at room temp

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6
Q

How does Rabies spread?

A
  1. Bites
  2. Non-bite exposure (scratches, abrasions, open wounds)
  3. Aerosol
    Virus NOT passed in blood, feces, urine
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7
Q

Does Rabies have a vector? Reservoir?

A

No, yes

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8
Q

What are the most susceptible species?

A

Raccoons
Bats
Skunks
Wild canids

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9
Q

What are the intermediate species?

A 
Dogs 
Cats
Cows
Horses
Sheep
Goats
Humans
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10
Q

What are the most resistant species?

A

Primitive mammals (opossum)
Rodents
Squirrels
Rabbits

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11
Q

Is there a vaccine? If so, what kinds are available?

A

Yes
Parenteral: Humans and several other species
Oral: Licensed for use in wild species
*Given @ 3-4 months of age, boost 1 year after, and then yearly or every 3 years

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12
Q

Who is vaccinated?

A

Dogs, cats, and ferrets
Livestock
Horses if interstate transport

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13
Q

How do we stop transmission of Rabies?

A
  1. Vx domestic animals
  2. Remove strays/unwanted animals
  3. Regulate interstate/international movement
  4. Adjunct procedures
  5. Limit exposure to wildlife
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14
Q

What are some adjunct procedures in place?

A 
Id
Licensure
Canvasina
Citations
Animal control
Public education
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15
Q

What if an unvaccinated domestic animal is exposed?

A

Euthanize immediately or put in ISO for 6 months

Vx immediately after exposure

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16
Q

What if a vaccinated domestic animal is exposed?

A

Revaccinate immediately

Observe on house arrest for 45 days

17
Q

What if an unvaccinated livestock is exposed?

A

Slaughter/euthanize

Stay away from milk and meat

18
Q

What if a human is exposed?

A

Clean wound
Notify local health department and family Dr.
Go to ER
*Even if previously vaccinated, still have to have post-exposure tx

19
Q

What if the animal that bit a human is healthy?

A

Confine and observe for 10 days
DO NOT VX
If signs occur: euthanize and submit head
If stray: euthanize and submit head

20
Q

What are the stages of infection for Rabies?

A
  1. Prodromal
  2. Excitative or Furious
  3. Paralytic or Dumb
  4. Death
21
Q

What does the Prodromal stage consist of?

A

Lasts about 2-3 days
Change in behavior or temperament
Pupils dilate, nictitating membrane visible, lick bite site

22
Q

What does the Excitative or Furious stage consist of?

A

Hypersensitivity to external stimuli, sounds, photophobia
Bite everything, very aggressive
Wander and roam

23
Q

What does the Paralytic or Dumb stage consist of?

A

2-4 days after first clinical sign appears
Ataxic or paralyzed- ascending paralysis
Have dropped jaw, drool, change in vocal sounds
Act like choking

24
Q

When does Death occur?

A

2-7 days after clinical signs appear
Die due to paralysis of respiratory muscles
Dz shuts down brain centers

25
Q

What are the pathognomic signs of Rabies?

A

Change in behavior
CNS signs
Bite/scratch from wild animals

26
Q

What is the incubation period of Rabies?

A

Varies: 2 days-1 year

Shedding of virus may occur 3-7 days before clinical signs appear

27
Q

What is the best choice of testing for Rabies?

A

IFA
Fewer false negatives
Detects rabies before clinical signs appear
Detects rabies in all species

28
Q

What sample is needed for a Rabies test?

A

Brain tissue (intact)

29
Q

What are other testing method for Rabies?

A

Histopathology
Look for negri bodies (intracellular inclusions) in neurons
Negri bodies don’t appear until neurological signs appear
Not commonly found in cats/ other species
More false negatives

*New rapid saliva screening test
Not good or reliable

30
Q

How do we ship the head?

A

DO NOT freeze or preserve head
Double bag
Leak proof container
Label as biohazard/rabies sample

31
Q

What is the Rabies tx in humans?

A

Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

  1. Wash wound
  2. Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV)
  3. Rabies immune globulin (RIG) (passive immunity)

*Humans have CSF testing for live patients

Vet Sci III (1 decks)

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