Rabies Flashcards
structure of rabies
-ve sense, single stranded, RNA virus
what is the rabies virus
fatal encephalitis
affects all warm blooded animals
saliva bites or scratches
long and variable incubation period (site of exposure, severity, virus and host)
pathogeneiss
bit- slow multiplication of virus in muscle cells (incubation- 7 days to months)
rapid transport of virus genomes in nerve axons
rapid viruse spread within CNS
massive virus replication in nerve cells
transport in nerve axons to salivary glands and other peripheral organs
clincial signs
abnormal behvaiour, paralysis death
virus excretion- to new host
types of rabies
paralytic rabies (bone in throat syndrome) furtious rabies
symtoms of prodromal phase
behavioural changes, temp rises, pupils dilate, excessive salivation
furious form (20%)
agitated, aggressive phonation difficulty swallowing seizures (muscular incoordination) paralysis, coma and death
dumb form
dropped jaw
bone in throat
incoordination, paralysis and death
urban rabies
domestic dog is resevoir species
asia, africa, south america
sylvatic rabies
resevoir species- fox, skink, racoon, bat
eastern europe
north and south america
africa
what is the virus called in europe
lyssaviruses
red fox, racoon, dog, cat, spillover (cattle, man)
EBLV 1 and 2
risk factors to rabies free zones
importation lack of border control emerging lyssaviruses susceptible species poor surveillance and collaboration poor education
diagnosis of rabies
immunoflouresence staining of brain sections - detects rabies virus antigens
rabies tissue culture test- detects virus
histological staining , detects viral antigen or negri bodies
RT-PCR detects RNA
virus neutralisation assays- detects antibodies
control of rabies
immediate washing of wound in water
dont suture
immunoglobulin followed by vaccination
