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RA 9288 Flashcards

1
Q

RA 9288 is also known as?

A

Newborn Screening Act of 2004

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2
Q

It is a simple procedure to find out if a baby has a
congenital disorder that may lead to mental
retardation or even death if left untreated.

A

Newborn Screening (NBS)

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3
Q

Why is Newborn Screening (NBS) important?

A

Most babies with metabolic disorders look “normal” at birth. By doing NBS, metabolic disorders may be detected even before clinical signs and symptoms are present. As a result of this, treatment can be given early to prevent consequences of untreated conditions.

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4
Q

Effect if NOT SCREENED:
- Developmental delay
- Breathing problems
- Neurologic damage
- Seizures
- Coma
- Early Death

A

Organic Acid Disorders

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5
Q

Effect if SCREENED and MANAGED:
- Alive
- Most will have normal development with episodes of metabolic crisis

A

Organic Acid Disorders

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6
Q

Effect if NOT SCREENED:
- Severe mental retardation
- Death

A

Endocrine Disorders

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7
Q

Effect if SCREENED and MANAGED:
- Normal
- Alive

A

Endocrine Disorders

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8
Q

Effect if NOT SCREENED:
- Developmental and physical delays
- Neurologic impairment
- Sudden death
- Coma
- Seizure
- Enlargement of the heart and liver
- Muscle weakness

A

Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorder

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9
Q

Effect is SCREENED and MANAGED:
- Usually healthy in between episodes of metabolic crises
- Alive

A

Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorder

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10
Q

Effect if NOT SCREENED:
- Painful crises
- Anemia
- Stroke
- Multi-organ failure
- Death

A

Hemoglobinopathies

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11
Q

Effect if SCREENED and MANAGED:
- Alive
- Reduces the frequency of painful crises
- May reduce the need for blood transfusions

A

Hemoglobinopathies

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12
Q

Effect if NOT SCREENED:
- Seizure
- Mental retardation
- Death

A

Urea Cycle Defect

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13
Q

Effect of SCREENED and MANAGED:
- Alive
- Normal intelligence

A

Urea Cycle Defect

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14
Q

Effect if NOT SCREENED:
- Mental retardation
- Coma and death from metabolic crisis

A

Amino Acid Disorders

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15
Q

Effect if SCREENED and MANAGED:
- Alive
- Normal growth
- Normal intelligence for some, learning problems to others

A

Amino Acid Disorders

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16
Q

It was integrated as part of the country’s public health delivery system with the enactment of the Republic Act no. 9288 otherwise known as Newborn Screening Act of 2004.

A

Comprehensive Newborn Screening (NBS) Program

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17
Q

It acts as the lead agency in the implementation of the law and collaborates with other National Government Agencies (NGA) and key stakeholders to ensure early detection and management of several congenital metabolic disorders.

A

Department of Health (DOH)

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18
Q

Newborn screening program in the Philippines currently includes screening of six disorders. What are those?

A
  1. Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH)
  2. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
  3. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
  4. Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency
  5. Galactosemia (GAL)
  6. Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
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19
Q

Policies & Laws: What is Administrative Order No. 2018-0025?

A

National Policy and Strategic Framework on Expanded Newborn Screening for 2017-2030

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20
Q

Policies & Laws: What is Administrative Order No. 2014-0045?

A

Guidelines on the Implementation of the Expanded Newborn Screening Program

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21
Q

The expanded screening will include ____ more
disorders. How many? And what are those?

A
  • 22 more
  • hemoglobinopathies;
  • additional metabolic disorders, namely, organic acid, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid disorders
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22
Q

The RA 9288 defines the establishment and accreditation of __________.

A

Newborn Screening Centers (NSC)

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23
Q

What are the six operational NSCs in the country?

A
  1. Newborn Screening Center - National Institute of Health (NIH) at the University of the Philippines Manila
  2. Newborn Screening Center - Visayas located at West Visayas State University Medical Center, Iloilo City
  3. Newborn Screening Center - Mindanao located at the Southern Philippines Medical Center, Davao City
  4. Newborn Screening Center - Central Luzon in Angeles City, Pampanga
  5. Newborn Screening Center - Southern Luzon in Tanauan City, Batangas
  6. Newborn Screening Center - Northern Luzon in Batac City, Ilocos Norte
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24
Q

When is the Newborn Screening Test done?

A

Ideally done immediately after 24 hours from birth

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25
Q

How is the Newborn Screening Test done?

A

A few drops of blood are taken from the baby’s lateral heel, blotted on a special absorbent filter card and then sent to Newborn Screening Center (NSC).

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26
Q

Who will collect the sample?

A

Physician, Nurse, Medical Technologist or Trained Midwife.

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27
Q

Proclamation No. 540 dated _____________ entitled __________________

This is approved by which president?

A
  • January 20, 2004
  • Declaring the 1st Week of October of Each Year as “National Newborn Screening Week”
  • President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
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28
Q

How many sections does this Republic Act have?

A

19 sections

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29
Q

When was this Republic Act approved?

A

April 7, 2004

30
Q

What is the title of Section 1?

A

Title (Newborn Screening Act of 2004)

31
Q

What is the title of Section 2?

A

Declaration of Policy

32
Q

What is inside Section 2?

A
  • In pursuit of such policy, the State shall institutionalize a national newborn screening system that is comprehensive, integrative and sustainable, and will facilitate collaboration among government and non-government agencies at the national and local levels, the private sector, families and communities, professional health organizations, academic institutions, and non-governmental organizations.
  • The National Newborn Screening System shall ensure that every baby born in the Philippines is offered the opportunity to undergo newborn screening and thus be spared from heritable conditions that can lead to mental retardation and death if undetected and untreated.
33
Q

What is the title of Section 3?

A

Objectives

34
Q

According to Section 3, what are the objectives of this Republic Act?

A
  1. To ensure that every newborn has access to newborn screening for certain heritable conditions that can result in mental retardation, serious health complications or death if left undetected and untreated.
  2. To establish and integrate a sustainable newborn screening system within the public health delivery system.
  3. To ensure that all health practitioners are aware of the advantages of newborn screening and of their respective responsibilities in offering newborns the opportunity to undergo newborn screening.
  4. To ensure that parents recognize their responsibility in promoting their child’s right to health and full development, within the context of responsible parenthood, by protecting their child from preventable causes of disability and death through newborn screening.
35
Q

What is the title of Section 4?

A

Definition

36
Q

What is the tile of Section 5? And what does it says?

A
  • Obligation to Inform
  • Any health practitioner who delivers, or assists in the delivery, of a newborn in the Philippines shall, prior to delivery, inform the parents or legal guardian of the newborn of the availability, nature and benefits of newborn screening.
37
Q

What is the title of Section 6?

A

Performance of Newborn Screening

38
Q

According to Section 6, the Newborn Screening shall be performed after __________ of life but not later than __________ from complete delivery of the newborn.

A
  • twenty-four (24) hours
  • three (3) days
39
Q

According to Section 6, the newborn that must be placed in intensive care in order to ensure survival may be exempted from the 3-day requirement but must be tested by __________ of age.

A
  • seven (7) days
40
Q

According to Section 6, whose responsibility is it to ensure that newborn screening is performed?

A

Joint responsibility of the parent(s) and the practitioner or other person delivering the newborn

41
Q

What is the tile of Section 7?

A

Refusal to be Tested

42
Q

According to Section 7, a parent or legal guardian may refuse testing on the grounds of ___________, but shall ___________ their understanding that refusal for testing places their newborn at risk for undiagnosed heritable conditions.

A
  • religious beliefs
  • acknowledge in writing
43
Q

What is the title of Section 8?

A

Continuing Education, Re-education and Training Health Personnel

44
Q

The DOH, with the assistance of the NIH and other government agencies, professional societies and nongovernment organizations, shall?

A
  1. Conduct continuing information, education, re-education and training programs for health personnel on the rationale, benefits, procedures of newborn screening.
  2. Disseminate information materials on newborn screening at least annually to all health personnel involved in material and pediatric care.
45
Q

What is the title of Section 9?

A

Licensing and Accreditation

46
Q

According to Section 9, the __________ and the __________ shall require health institutions to provide newborn screening services as a condition for licensure or accreditation.

A
  • Department of Health
  • Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
47
Q

What is the title of Section 10?

A

Lead Agency

48
Q

According to Section 10, who shall be the lead agency in implementing this Act?

A

Department of Health

49
Q

According to Section 10, what should the lead agency do for the purposes of achieving the objectives of this Act?

A
  1. Establish the Advisory Committee on Newborn Screening.
  2. Develop the implementing rules and regulations for the immediate implementation of a nationwide newborn screening program within one hundred eight (180) days from the enactment of this Act.
  3. Coordinate with the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) for implementation of the newborn screening program.
  4. Coordinate with the NIH Newborn Screening Reference Center for the accreditation of Newborn Screening Centers and preparation of defined testing protocols and quality assurance programs.
50
Q

What is the title of Section 11?

A

Advisory Committee on Newborn Screening

51
Q

According to Section 11, to ensure sustained inter-agency collaboration, the __________ is hereby created and made an integral part of the Office of the Secretary of the DOH. And what what does it do?

A

Advisory Committee on Newborn Screening

  1. Review annually and recommend conditions to be included in the newborn screening panel of disorders.
  2. Review and recommend the newborn screening fee to be charged by Newborn Screening Centers.
  3. Review the report of the Newborn Screening Reference Center on the quality assurance of the National Screening Centers.
  4. Recommend corrective measures as deemed necessary.
52
Q

According to Section 11, how many members does the Advisory committee have? Composing of?

A

Members of the committee – 8
1. Secretary of Health - Chairman
2. Executive Director of the NIH - Vice Chairperson
3. Undersecretary of the DILG
4. Executive Director of the Council for the Welfare of Children
5. Director of the Newborn Screening Reference Center
6. Three (3) representatives appointed by the Secretary of Health who shall be a pediatrician, obstetrician, endocrinologist, family physician, nurse or midwife, from either the public or private sector

53
Q

According to Section 11, the three (3) representatives shall be appointed for a term of __________, subject to their being reappointed for additional __________ period for each extension.

A
  • three (3) years
  • three (3) years
54
Q

According to Section 11, the committee shall meet __________.

A

At least twice a year

55
Q

According to Section 11, who shall serve as the Secretariat of the Committe?

A

National Institute of Health

56
Q

What is the title of Section 12?

A

Establishment and Accreditation of Newborn Screening Centers

57
Q

According to Section 12, the __________ shall ensure that Newborn Screening Centers are strategically located in order to be accessible to the relevant public and provide services that comply with the standards approved by the Committee upon the recommendation of the NIH.

A

Department of Health (DOH)

58
Q

According to Section 12, the Newborn Screening Center shall:

A
  1. Have a certified laboratory performing all tests included in the newborn screening program.
  2. Have a recall/follow up programs for infants found positive for any and all of the heritable conditions.
  3. Be supervised and staffed by trained personnel who have been duly qualified by the NIH.
  4. Submit to periodic announced or unannounced inspections by the Reference Center in order to evaluate and ensure quality Newborn Screening Center performance.
58
Q

What is the title of Section 13?

A

Establishment of a Newborn Screening Reference Center

59
Q

The NIH shall establish a __________, which shall be responsible for the national testing database and case registries, training, technical assistance and continuing education for laboratory staff in all Newborn Screening Centers.

A

Newborn Screening Reference Center

60
Q

What is the title of Section 14?

A

Quality Assurance

60
Q

According to Section 14, the NIH Newborn Screening Reference Center shall be responsible for:

A
  1. Drafting and ensuring good laboratory practice standards for newborn screening centers.
  2. Establishing an external laboratory proficiency testing and certification program.
  3. Act as the principal repository of technical information relating to newborn screening standards and practices.
  4. Provide technical assistance to newborn screening centers.
60
Q

What is the title of Section 15?

A

Database

61
Q

According to Section 15, __________ shall maintain a national database of patients tested and a registry for each condition

A

NIH Newborn Screening Reference Center

62
Q

According to Section 15, submit reports annually to the __________ and to the ____________ on the status of and relevant health information derived from the database.

A
  • Committee
  • Department of Health
63
Q

According to Section 15, plan for __________ of newborn screening.

A

long-term outcome evaluation

64
Q

What is the title of Section 16?

A

Newborn Screening Fees

65
Q

What are the purpose of the division of the newborn screening fee?

A
  1. At least four percent (4%) to the DOH’s Centers for Health Development or its future equivalent to be spent solely for follow-up services, education and other activities directly related to the provision of newborn screening services.
  2. At least four percent (4%) to the Newborn Screening Centers for human resource development and equipment maintenance and upgrading.
  3. At least four percent (4%) to the NIH Newborn Screening Reference Center for overall supervision, training and continuing education, maintenance of national database, quality assurance program and monitoring of the national program.
  4. The balance for the operational and other expenses of the Newborn Screening Center.
66
Q

What is the title of Section 17?

A

Repealing Clause

67
Q

What is the title of Section 18?

A

Separability

68
Q

What is the title of Section 19?

A

Effectivity

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