RA 8504 | HIV/AIDS Flashcards
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refers to the voluntary agreement of a person to undergo or be subjected to a procedure based on full information, whether such permission is written, conveyed verbally, or expressed indirectly
informed consent
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refers to the documentation and analysis of the number of HIV/AIDS infections and the pattern of its spread
HIV/AIDS monitoring
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- No compulsory HIV testing shall be allowed
- States encourage voluntary testing for individuals w/ high risk for contracting HIV
- Lawful Consent to HIV testing of donations
[sections]
section 15
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refers to the process of providing risk-reduction information and emotional support to a person who submitted to HIV testing at the time that the test result is released
post-test counselling
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All discriminatory acts shall be punishable w/ penalty of imprisonment:
* (?) to (?)
* fine not more than (?)
* institutions found guilty shall be revoked of licenses/permit
[section 42]
- six (6) months, four (4) years
- 10,000
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Information on Prophylactics
[sections]
section 10
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a condition characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms, caused by HIV contracted from another person and which attacks and weakens the body’s immune system, making the afflicted individual susceptible to other life-threatening infections.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
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It is the cause of a unique disorder known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which lowers the immune response of the body to ward off disease
HIV
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Requirement on the Donation of Blood, Tissue, or Organ
[sections]
section 12
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Establishment of PNAC
[sections]
section 43
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An act that protects the confidentiality of a person living with someone who has AIDS
RA 8504
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All members of the Council shall be appointed by the (?), except for the representatives of the Senate and the House of Representatives, who shall be appointed by the (?), respectively
[section 45]
- President of the Philippines
- Senate President and the House Speaker
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The Secretary of Health shall be the permanent chairperson of the Council; however, the vice-chairperson shall be elected by its members from among themselves, and shall serve for a term of (?)
[section 45]
two (2) years
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Functions of PNAC
[sections]
section 44
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Misinformation on HIV/AIDS prevention and control through false and misleading advertising without prior approval from the Department of Health (DOH) and the Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFD) is punishable with a penalty of imprisonment for (?) to (?), without prejudice to the imposition of administrative sanctions such as fines and suspension or revocation of professional or business license
[section 11]
two (2) months, two (2) years
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- False & misleading ads & claims w/o approval of DOH and BFD
- Penalty of 2 months to 2 years (fines & suspension, revocation of license)
[sections]
section 11
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Civic duty of health providers in private sector to relay information & correct misconceptions on:
* Ethical issues
* Confidentiality
* Informed consent
* Duty to provide treatment
[sections]
section 5
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Prohibitions on Compulsory HIV Testing
[sections]
section 16
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- Appropriate information shall be attached/provided w/ every prophylactic offered for sale on prophylactics
- Proper use, efficacy, importance of sexual abstinence
[sections]
section 10
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refers to the relationship of trust and confidence created or existing between a patient or a person with HIV and his attending physician, consulting medical specialist, nurse, medical technologist and all other health workers or personnel involved in any counselling, testing or professional care of the former; it also applies to any person who, in any official capacity, has acquired or may have acquired such confidential information
medical confidentiality
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refers to a person’s frequent involvement in certain activities which increase the risk of transmitting or acquiring HIV
high-risk behavior
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Guidelines on Surgical and Similar Procedures
[sections]
section 13
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Any violation of medical confidentiality as provided in Sec.s 30 and 32 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment for (?) to (?), without prejudice to administrative sanctions such as fines and suspension or revocation of the violator’s license to practice his/her profession, as well as the cancellation or withdrawal of the license to operate any business entity and the accreditation of hospitals, laboratories or clinics
[section 33]
six (6) months, four (4) years
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an act promulgating policies and prescribing measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS monitoring system, strengthening the Philippine National AIDS Council, and for other purposes
The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998
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The development of the different stages of AIDS
progression of AIDS
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Unlawful if Compulsory HIV testing used as precondition to :
* Employment
* Admission to university
* Exercise of freedom
* Continued stay in Philippines
* Right to travel
* Provision of medical service
[sections]
section 16
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HIV/AIDS Information as a Health Service
[sections]
section 5
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Reporting Procedures
[sections]
section 28
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declaration of policies
[sections]
section 2
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denotes the absence of HIV or HIV antibodies upon HIV testing
HIV-negative
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refers to the method of finding and counselling the sexual partner(s) of a person who has been diagnosed as having sexually transmitted disease
contact tracing
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contains the definition of terms
[sections]
section 3
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refers to HIV testing imposed upon a person attended or characterized by the lack of or vitiated consent, use of physical force, intimidation or any form of compulsion
Compulsory HIV Testing
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Runs within 2-4 weeks after the initial infection, some patients experience what they describe as the “worst flu ever” also known as acute retroviral syndrome (ARS). Its symptoms include the ff:
1. High fever
2. Lymphadenopathy syndrome (swollen glands)
3. Rash
4. Fatigue
5. Headache
[stages of AIDS]
early stage
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Release of HIV/AIDS Test Results
[sections]
section 32
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RA 7719
[section 17]
National Blood Services Act
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The Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC) created by virtue of Executive Order No. 39 dated 3 December 1992 shall be reconstituted and strengthened to enable the Council to oversee an integrated and comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDS prevention and control in the Philippines. It shall be attached to the Department of Health
[sections]
section 43
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AIDSWATCH
* Program to monitor HIV
* Established under DOH
* To monitor the magnitude and progression of HIV infection
* For the purpose of evaluating adequacy & efficacy
[sections]
section 27
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refers to the virus which causes AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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refers to the presence of HIV infection as documented by the presence of HIV or HIV antibodies in the sample being tested
HIV-positive
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refers to the period of time, usually lasting from two (2) weeks to six (6) months during which an infected individual will test “negative” upon HIV testing but can actually transmit the infection
window period
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refers to any laboratory procedure done on an individual to determine the presence or absence of HIV infection
HIV testing
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DOH in coordination with concerned professional organizations and hospital associations:
* Issue guidelines on precautions against HIV transmission
* During surgical, dental, embalming, tattooing
* DOH shall issue handling dispositions of cadavers, body fluids, or wastes by HIV positives
* PPEs available at all times
[sections]
section 13
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All testing centers required to provide free (?) services
[section 20]
pre and post-test counseling
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Monitoring Programs
[sections]
section 27
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Directed to strictly observe confidentiality in handling:
* All health professionals, medical instructors, workers, employers, recruitment agencies, insurance companies, data encoders
* Other custodians of any medical record, file, data, or test results
[sections]
section 30
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a globally known disease
AIDS
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Exceptions to the Mandate of Confidentiality
[sections]
section 31
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T-helper cells
CD 4 cells
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refers to an HIV testing procedure whereby the individual being tested does not reveal his/her identity. An identifying number or symbol is used to substitute for the name and allows the laboratory conducting the test and the person on whom the test is conducted to match the test results with the identifying number or symbol
Anonymous Testing
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Penalties for Discriminatory Acts and Policies
[sections]
section 42
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RA 7170
[section 17]
Organ Donation Act
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Any violation of medical confidentiality as provided in Sec.s 30 and 32 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment for six (6) months to four (4) years, without prejudice to administrative sanctions such as fines and suspension or revocation of the violator’s license to practice his/her profession, as well as the cancellation or withdrawal of the license to operate any business entity and the accreditation of hospitals, laboratories or clinics
[sections]
section 33
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An organization that provides assistance to person with AIDS
Philippines National AIDS Council (PNAC)
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established under the Department of Health to determine and monitor the magnitude and progression of HIV infection In the Philippines, and for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy and efficacy of the countermeasures being employed
[section 27]
AIDSWATCH
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The Council shall be composed of twenty-six (26) members as follows:
1. sec of DOH
2. sec of DECS
3. chairperson of CHED
4. director general of TESDA
5. sec of DOLE
6. sec of DSWD
7. sec of DILG
8. sec of DOJ
9. director general of NEDA
10. sec of DOT
11. sec of DBM
12. sec of DFA
13. head of PIA
14. pres of LoG
15. pres of LoCM
16. chairperson of CHSP
17. chairperson of CHHR
18. two (2) reps from medical professionals
19. six (6) reps from NGOs involved
20. rep of an organization of Persons with HIV
[sections]
section 45
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Consent as a Requisite for HIV Testing
[sections]
section 15
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CD 4 cells
T-helper cells
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Viral load in body secretions such as (?), (?), (?), and (?) are considered high and are transmitted to another person through direct contract with the foresaid secretions
- semen
- vaginal fluid
- blood
- breast milk
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Penalties for Violation of Confidentiality
[sections]
section 33
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Council shall be the central advisory, planning and policy-making body:
* Secure from gov’t agencies concerned recommendations
* Council shall integrate IRR
[sections]
section 44
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All discriminatory acts shall be punishable w/ penalty of imprisonment:
* 6 months – 4 years
* fine not more than 10K
* institutions found guilty shall be revoked of licenses/permit
[sections]
section 42
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All results of HIV/AIDS testing shall be confidential and shall be released only to the following persons:
* Person himself
* Parent of minor
* Legal guardian in insane persons/orphans
* AIDSWATCH
* Justice court of appeals
[sections]
section 32
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No lab/institution shall accept donations of organs unless (?) for HIV
[section 12]
tested negative
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Exception to the Prohibition on Compulsory Testing
[sections]
section 17
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Penalties for Misleading Information
[sections]
section 11
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refers to the process of providing an individual the information on the biomedical aspects of HIV/AIDS and emotional support to any psychological implications of undergoing HIV testing and the test result itself before he/she is subjected to the test
pre-test counselling
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During this stage, the virus replicates in the host’s body slowly. Although this condition is detectable through serologic testing, the patient may experience symptoms of varying degrees
[stages of AIDS]
latency stage
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Compulsory HIV testing may be allowed only in the following instances:
* Person is charged with any punishable crimes
* When determination of HIV status is necessary to resolve relevant issues under EO 309 “Family Code of the PH”
* When complying with provisions or RA 7170 & 7719
[sections]
section 17
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a single-stranded RNA belonging to the family Retroviridae
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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The Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC) created by virtue of (?) dated (?)
[section 43]
- Executive Order (EO) 39
- Dec. 3, 1992
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Any person who knowingly or negligently causes another to get infected with HIV in the course of his/her profession through unsafe or unsanitary practice or procedure is liable to suffer a penalty of imprisonment for (?) to (?) without prejudice to the imposition of administrative sanctions such as, but not limited to, fines and suspension or the revocation of license to practice his/her profession.
[section 14]
six (6) years, twelve (12) years
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All teachers of HIV courses shall be required to undergo seminar/training
[sections]
section 4
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refers to an individual whose HIV test indicates, directly or indirectly, that he/she is infected with HIV
person with HIV
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refers to measures aimed at protecting non-infected from contracting HIV and minimizing the impact of the condition of persons living with HIV
HIV/AIDS prevention and control
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- All testing centers required to provide free pre and post-counseling services
- Must be provided only to persons who meet standards of DOH
- Pre-counselling - Information acquired will ensure confidentiality
[sections]
section 20
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Membership and Composition (PNAC)
[sections]
section 45
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Any person who knowingly causes another to get infected in the course of his profession thru unsafe practice is ;liable for:
* Imprisonment: 6 – 12 years
* Fines & Suspension or revocation of license
* License of hospitals, laboratories, etc may be withdrawn if failed to maintain safe practice
[sections]
section 14
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Penalties for Unsafe Practices and Procedures
[sections]
section 14
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The virus is considered an obligate intracellular parasite that infects a specific type of cell called CD4 cell commonly known as the T-helper cell
HIV
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The members of the Council shall be appointed not later than (?) days after the date of the enactment of this Act
[section 45]
thirty (30)
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A person infected with HIV who has not undergone medication will progress to having a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS):
1. Rapid weight loss
2. Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
3. Extreme and unexplained tiredness
4. Diarrhea lasting for a month
5. Pneumonia
6. Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders
7. Sores in the mouth, anus, or genitals
[stages of AIDS]
progression to AIDS
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HIV/AIDS education in schools
[sections]
section 4
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Organisms that a host harbors and which can cause the onset of a disease when the body’s immune system is weak
opportunistic organism
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HIV symptoms vary depending on the health status of an individual and the activity of the virus in the body.
Clinically, the symptomatology can be divided into three phases; (?), (?), (?)
- early stage
- latency stage
- progression to AIDS
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refers to HIV testing done on an individual who, after having undergone pre-test counselling, willingly submits himself/herself to such test
voluntary HIV testing
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- Promote public awareness about the cause, mode of transmission, consequences, and means of preventing and controlling HIV/AIDS
- Protection of human rights of persons suspected or infected with HIV/AIDS
- Eradicate conditions that aggravate spread of HIV infection such as: poverty, gender inequality, prostitution, marginalization, drug abuse, ignorance
- Prevent discrimination in school, work, hospital, and even community
[section]
section 2
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Confidentiality not considered breached:
* When complying with reportorial requirements in conjunction with AIDSWATCH under sec 27
* When informing other health workers directly involved in treatment (Universal precaution) Workers obliged to maintain shared med confidentiality
* Responding to subpoena duces tecum and subpoena ad testificandum issued by court where main issue is HIV status or person
* Confidential Medical Record sealed by lawful custodian after double checked accuracy by head of office
* Hand delivered and personally opened by judge
* Executive session
[sections]
section 31
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Medical Confidentiality
[sections]
section 30
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- No lab/institution shall accept donations of organs unless tested negative for HIV
- All donated blood is subjected to HIV testing, HIV+ blood should be disposed properly & immediately
- 2nd testing may be demanded before transfusion, except during emergency cases
- Donations of HIV positives may be accepted for research purposes
[sections]
section 12
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refers to the transfer of HIV from one infected person to an uninfected individual, most commonly through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing of intravenous needles and during pregnancy
HIV transmission
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- Testing centers shall adopt measures in assuring confidentiality
- DOH shall receive, collate, evaluate reports
- Database shall utilize a coding system that promotes anonymity
[sections]
section 28
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refers to any agent or device used to prevent the transmission of a disease
prophylactic
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Pre-test and Post-test Counselling
[sections]
section 20
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Compulsory HIV testing may be allowed only in the following instances:
When determination of HIV status is necessary to resolve relevant issues under (?)
[section 17]
EO 309 “Family Code of the Philippines”
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For members representing medical/health professional groups and the six (6) non-government organizations, they shall serve for a term of (?), renewable upon recommendation of the Council
[section 45]
two (2) years
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refers to any disease that may be acquired or passed on through sexual contact
sexually transmitted diseases (STD)
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HIV is considered a fragile virus, which means that it cannot (?) outside the host cell
survive
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early HIV detection during pregnancy
pre-natal HIV testing
