R44 Flashcards
Minimum For Dispatch
GOALH
Governor, OAT, Alternator, Low Rotor RPM and Hydraulics
FAA Required Paperwork
AROW
Air Worthiness, Registration, (Radio,) POH and Weight and Balance
Emergency Radio Frequency
121.5
What equipment is required for day VFR
CAMA(L)SFOOT(S)
Compass Altimeter Manifold Pressure Gauge Airspeed Indicator Landing Gear Position Indicator Seatbelts Fuel Gauge Oil Pressure Gauge Oil Temp Gauge Tachometer Strobe
Airspeed Indicator Green Arc? Yellow Arc? Red Cross Hatch? Red Line?
Green Arc- 0 to 110 KIAS
Yellow Arc- 110 to 130 KIAS
Red Cross Hatch- 100 KIAS
Red Line- 130 KIAS
Rotor Tachometer
Lower Red Line?
Green Arc?
Upper Red Line?
Lower Red Line- 90%
Green Arc-90 - 108%
Upper Red Line- 108%
Engine Tachometer
Lower Red Line?
Green Arc?
Upper Red Line?
Lower Red Line- 101%
Green Arc- 101-102%
Upper Red Line- 102%
Manifold Pressure
Green Arc?
Yellow Arc?
Red Line?
Green Arc- 15 to 23.3
Yellow Arc- 19.1 to 26.1
Red Line- 26.1
Low G Pushover
Gentle Aft Cyclic and the correct the roll if necessary
Maximum Glide Distance
Airspeed 90 KIAS
Rotor Rpm 90%
Loss of tail rotor thrust in forward flight
Indicated by a nose right yaw
- Immediately enter auto rotation
- Maintain at least 70 KIAS if practical
- Select landing site roll off throttle and perform autorotation landing
Loss of tail rotor thrust in hover
- Immediately roll off throttle and allow aircraft to settle
- Raise collective just before touchdown
Oil light
Check tachometer and oil pressure gauge if pressure is lost land immediately
MR Temp
Indicates excessive temperature of main rotor gearbox
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as a noise vibration or temperature rise land immediately
MR Chip
Indicates metallic particles in Main rotor gearbox
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as a noise vibration or temperature rise land immediately
TR chip
Indicates metallic particles in tail rotor gearbox
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as a noise vibration or temperature rise land immediately
Low fuel
Indicates approximately 3 gallons of usable fuel remaining engine will run out of fuel after 10 minutes
Aux fuel pump
Indicates low auxiliary fuel pump pressure if no other indication of a problem land as soon as practical if light is accompanied by erratic engine operation land immediately
Fuel filter
Indicates fuel strainer contamination. If no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical. If light is accompanied by aux fuel pump warning light or erratic engine operation, Land immediately.
Clutch light
If light comes on in flight and does not go out within 10 seconds pull clutch circuit breaker and land as soon as practical and prepare for an autorotation
Transponder inspected every?
24 months
ELT needs inspected?
Every Year
Batteries changed at half their life or 1 continuous hour used
Private pilot can change things such as Oil. What needs to go in maintenance records for that change?
Date, description of what was done, Private pilot cert # & Expiration, Hobbs time.
Category, class, type & Series of aircraft used
Rotorcraft, Helicopter, Robinson R-44 Raven II
Semi rigid Rotor means
Blades flap as a unit on a teeter
Fully articulated
Each blade can flap on their own,
Rigid System
Flap by bending
Advancing blade flaps which direction
Upward due to the relative wind, to decrease AoA
What can you do with 3rd class medical
Operate as Private pilot, Flight Instructor
Cord Line
A straight line connecting the leading and trailing edges of the airfoil. Separates upper and lower camber
Angle of attack is defined as
Angle between the wing chord line and the relative wind - wind relative to the air foil.
Robinson blades
12 years / 2200 hours
3 Types of Airmets
Sierra IFR
Tango turbulence and wind
Zulu Ice
How far to stay away from a thunderstorm
Never closer than 5 miles, but if possible stay at least 20 miles away
Settling with Power
Vortex Ring State
Less than ETL
20 to 100% of power
300 or more fpm
Memory aid for LOW RPM Recovery
Roll on throttle , Lower collective
What would cause excessive coning of blades
Excessive weight and low rpms
Critical angle of dynamic rollover
5-8 degrees
LTE Causes
Due to wind or fast right pedal turns, Low rpm, high gross weight & density altitude. Helicopter yaws uncontrollably to the right. Fixed by forward flight or hover auto
Stuck left pedal
Normal to steep approach
Don’t autorotate
Stuck right pedal
shallow slide on landing, control heading with throttle - no go around
Rules about flying over water
Not required to carry life jackets - Stay close to shore to make an auto
If you have to ditch in the water
if engine is running, let passengers jump out, fly away from them to hover auto into the water, lateral cyclic to stop the blades
Engine out - Give passengers benefit by going lateral cyclic on your side to allow them to get out and away from rotor
5 Cs for lost
Climb Communicate Confess Comply Conserve
Pitot Tube blocked
Airspeed indicator would not work
Can you continue flight with Airspeed indicator not working?
No since it is required for VFR flights
Static Port bocked
Lose altimeter and VSI and will effect airspeed indicator
Where would you read to look up accidents in the Far Aim
49 CFR PART 830 NTSB- in middle of Far Aim
Definition of Accident
Anytime there is substantial damager to the aircraft or anyone suffers serious bodily injury or death
Anything not an accident is an incident
Passenger Briefing
Explain Seat belts, Doors, How to exit safely,
Part of the eyes used to fly at night
Off center viewing - Uses Rods of eyes
Cones used for daytime observing
Auto Kinesis - light appears to move if stared at
Night Myopia - Near sighted at night
ETL Occurs
16 to 24 knots
Currency requirements for a night flying
Three takeoff and landings to a full stop at night in the previous 90 days. Must be one hour after sunset to one hour before sunrise
Definition of night
End of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight
When must aircraft position lights be on
Sunset to sunrise
When can you log a nighttime flight
Between Evening civil twilight and beginning of morning civil twilight
When is a flight review do
Every 24 months
What personal documents must be in your possession
Drivers license or government ID, medical certificate, pilot certificate
What is section 2 of the POH
Limitations
Section 3 of the POH
Emergency procedures
Section 4 of the POH
Normal procedures
Section 5 of the POH
Performance
What part of the regulation specifically describes the maintenance preventative maintenance in alteration procedures
PART 43
What is standard atmosphere (ISA)
Sea level
15°C
29.92 in HG
Weather Updates
1800wxbrief
Cumulus Clouds
Heaped or piled clouds
Stratus Clouds
Formed in Layers
Cirrus Clouds
Ringlets, fibrous clouds, also high level clouds above 20k feet
Lenticular
Lens or almond shaped formed over mountains in strong winds
Nimbus Clouds
Rain Clouds
Indicated Altitude
Read directly from the Altimeter
True Altitude
Actual altitude above sea level MSL
Absolute Altitude
AGL above ground level
Pressure Altitude
The altitude indicated when the altimeter setting is adjusted to 29.92
Density Altitude
Pressure altitude adjusted for non standard temp
Arm
Distance from the Datum to the center of mass
Datum
Imaginary line set at some point and used for weight and balance
Basic empty weight
Weight of the standard helicopter, optional equipment, unusable fuel, and full operating fluids including full engine oil
How does retreating blade stall affect helicopter performance
Retreating blade stall is a major factor in limiting helicopter’s top forward speed V NE
How often are Airmets issued
Every six hours
The two types of Sigmets
Convective and nonconvective
Non-convective Sigmet
Severe icing Severe or extreme turbulence Dust dorms and sandstorms lowering the visibility to less than 3 miles Volcanic ash 
Convective Sigmet
Thunderstorms
Severe Icing
Severe turbulence
Low level wind shear
Gyroscopic precession
When a force is applied to a spinning object it is felt 90° later in the plane of rotation
Translating tendency
Tendency for the helicopter to move laterally or drift during a hover
Translational lift
The additional lift obtained during forward flight
What are the two types of pireps
UA: Routine
UUA: Urgent
Basic VFR
1000 feet and 3 miles
Night VFR
IFLAPS
Instrument lights F-Fuses L-Landing Lights if for hire A-Anti Colision P-Position S-Source of power (alternator/generator)
SFAR 73
Enhanced training in auto rotation procedures
RPM control without the use of governor
Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery
Low G maneuvers and proper recovery
Indicated Airspeed (IAS)
IAS is the direct instrument reading obtained from the airspeed indicator, uncorrected for variations in atmospheric density, installation error, or instrument error.
Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)
CAS is IAS corrected for installation and instrument error.
True Airspeed (TAS)
TAS is the true speed at which the aircraft is moving through the air.
When outbound from an airport without a UNICOM station, tower or Flight Service Station (FSS), the pilot should self-announce on frequency
122.9
Heliport Beacon
green, yellow, and white rotating beacon.
True Course
Actual course measured from the navigation map
True Heading
True course corrected for winds
Magnetic Heading
Sectional map variation correction between true North and magnetic north
Compass heading
Heading corrected for winds variation and deviation
Hypoxia
A state of oxygen deficiency in the body
Hypoxia symptoms
Headache, drowsiness, dizziness Visual impairment usually at night Judgment, alertness, coordination, and the ability to make calculations are impaired Euphoria Blue fingernails and lips cyanosis
