R22 Emergency procedures Flashcards
Land immediately
Land on the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation during approach, if required
Land as soon as practical
Landing site at pilots discretion based on nature of problem and available landing areas. Flying beyond nearest airport is not recommended
Power Failure - General
A power failure may be caused by either an engine or drive system failure and will usually be indicated by the LOW RPM HORN. An engine failure may be indicated by a change in noise level, nose left yaw, an oil pressure light, or decreaseig E.G RPM.
A Drive system failure may be indicated by an unusual noise or vibration, nose right or left yaw, or decreasing rotor RPM while E.G RPM is increasing.
In case of Power failure, immediately lower collective to enter autorotation.
CAUTION - Aft cyclic is required when collective is lowered at high airspeed.
CAUTION - Do not apply aft cyclic during touchdown or ground slide to prevent possible blade strike to tailcone.
Power Failure above 500 FT AGL
- Lower collective to maintain Rotor RPM
- Establish a steady glide at approximately 65 KIAS
- Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97% and 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%
- Select landing spot and, if altitude permits, menuver so landing will be into the wind.
- A restart may be attempted at pilots discretion if sufficient time is available (See air restart procedure)
- If unable to restart, turn all unnecessary switches and fuel valve off.
- At above 40 feet AGL, begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward airspeed.
- At about 8 ft AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touch down in level attitude with nose straight ahead.
Power failure between 8 Feet and 500 Feet AGL
- Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM
- Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%
- Maintain airspeed until ground is approached, then begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward airspeed.
- At about 8 ft AGL Apply forward cyclic to lvl ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touch down in lvl attitude and nose straight ahead.
Power failure below 8ft AGL
- Apply right pedal as required to prevent yawing
- allow aircraft to settle
- Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing
Max Glide distance config
- Airspeed approx 75KIAS
- Rotor RPM approx 90%
- Best glide ratio 4 : 1 or one nautical mile per 1500 ft
CAUTION - Increase rotor RPM to 97% minimum when autorotating below 500ft AGL
Air restart procedure
- Mixture full rich
- Primer (if installed) Down and locked
- Throttle - Closed then cracked slightly
- Actuate starter with left hand
CAUTION - Do not attempt restart if engine malfunction is suspected or before safe autorotation is established
Emergency Water landing - Power off
- Follow the same procedures as for power failure over land until contacting water. If time permits, unlatch doors prior to water contact.
- Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop rotors
- Release seat belt and quickly exit aircraft when rotors stop.
Emergency water landing power on
- Descend to hover above water
- unlatch doors
- passenger exit aircraft.
- fly to safe distance from passengers to avoid possible injury by rotors
- Switch battery and Alternator OFF
- Roll throttle into overtravel spring
- Keep aircraft level and apply full collective as aircraft contacts water
- Apply lateral cyclic to stop rotors
- Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop
Loss of tail rotor thrust in forward flight
Failure usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal
1. Immediately enter autorotation
2. maintain at least 70 KIAS if practical
3. Select landing site, roll throttle off into overtravel spring, and perform autorotation landing.
NOTE - When suitable landing site is not available the vertical stabilizers may permit limited controlled flight at low power settings and airspeed above 70 KIAS : However, prior to reducing airspeed, enter full autorotation.
Loss of TAIL rotor thrust in hover
Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be stopped by applying left pedal
1. Immediately roll throttle off into overtravel spring and allow aircraft to settle
2. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing
Headset audio failure
If headset audio fails, land as soon as practical
CAUTION - For aircraft which provide low RPM horn through the audio system, pilot will not hear horn with a failed headset.
Engine Fire during start on ground
- Cranking - Continue and attempt to start which would suck flames and excess fuel into engine.
- If engine starts, run at 50-60% RPM for a short time.
- Fuel mixture - OFF
- Fuel valve - OFF
- Battery switch - OFF
- If time permits, apply rotor brake to stop rotors
- Exit helicopter
Engine Fire in flight
- Enter autorotation
- Cabin heat - OFF
- Cabin vent - ON
- If engine is running perform normal landing, then fuel mixture OFF and Fuel valve OFF
If engine stops running, fuel valve OFF and complete autorotation landing - Battery Switch - OFF
- If time permits apply rotor brake to stop rotors.
- Exit helicopter
Electrical Fire in Flight
- Battery and alternator switches - OFF
- Open cabin vents
- Land immediately
- Fuel mixture - OFF and Fuel valve - OFF
5 If time permits apply rotor brake to stop rotors - Exit helicopter
CAUTION - LOW RPM warning system and governor are inoperative with battery and alternator switches both off
Tachometer failure
If rotor or engine tach malfunctions in flight use remaining tach to monitor RPM. If it is not clear which tach is malfunctioning or if both tach’s malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical.
Note- Each tach, the governor, and the Low RPM horn are on separate power circuits. A special circuit allows the battery to supply power to the tach’s with the battery and alternator switches both off.
Governor Failure
If engine RPM governor malfunctions, grip throttle firmly to override the governor, then switch governor OFF. Complete flight using manual throttle control
Oil light
Indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure. Check engine tach for power loss. check oil pressure gage and, if pressure loss is confirmed land immediately. Continued operation without oil pressure will cause serious engine damage and engine failure may occur.
MR TEMP
Indicates excessive temperature of main rotor gearbox
NOTE -
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibrations, or temperature rise land immediately. If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical.
Break- in fuzz will occasionally activate chip lights. If no metal chips or slivers are found in detector plug. clean and reinstall (tail rotor gearbox must be refilled with new oil). Hover for at least 30 min. If chip light comes on again replace gearbox before further flight.
MR Chip
Indicates metallic particles in main rotor gearbox see note below
NOTE -
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibrations, or temperature rise land immediately. If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical.
Break- in fuzz will occasionally activate chip lights. If no metal chips or slivers are found in detector plug. clean and reinstall (tail rotor gearbox must be refilled with new oil). Hover for at least 30 min. If chip light comes on again replace gearbox before further flight.
TR Chip light
Indicates metallic particles in tail rotor gearbox see note below
NOTE -
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibrations, or temperature rise land immediately. If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical.
Break- in fuzz will occasionally activate chip lights. If no metal chips or slivers are found in detector plug. clean and reinstall (tail rotor gearbox must be refilled with new oil). Hover for at least 30 min. If chip light comes on again replace gearbox before further flight.
Low Fuel
Indicates approximately one gallon of usable fuel remaining for all aluminum fuel tanks or 1.5 gallons for bladder style tanks. The engine will run out of fuel after approximately five minutes at cruise power for aircraft with all aluminum tanks or ten minutes with bladder style tanks.
CAUTION - Do not use low fuel light as a working indication of fuel quantity.
Clutch
Indicates clutch actuator circuit is on. either engaging or disengaging clutch. when switch is in the ENGAGE position, light stays on until belts are properly tensioned. Never take off before light goes out.
NOTE - Clutch light may come on momentarily during run-up or during flight to retension belts as they warm-up and stretch slightly. This is normal. If however, the light flickers or comes on in flight and does not go out within 10 SEC, pull circuit braker and land as soon as practical. Reduce power and land immediately if there are any other indications of drive system failure (Be prepared to enter autorotation). Have drive system inspected for a possible malfunction.
