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R2104 Plant Propagation > R2104 4 METHODS OF VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION > Flashcards

R2104 4 METHODS OF VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

Plant juvelinity definition

A

A young non-flowers/fruiting plant that roots more easily due to peresence of natural root hormones

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2
Q

Plant health meaning

A
  • Free from P&D
  • Nutritional balance
  • Correct light levels
  • Correct temperature
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3
Q

Effect of juvelinity and plant health and successful propagation

A
  • Younger wood has a greater capacity of rooting

* Juvenile shoots are in active vegetative growth and root much quicker

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4
Q

Characteristings of material used in growing media for vegetative reproduction

A
  • Open and well aerated to encourage root production and allow root respiration
  • Moisture retentive without being waterlogged, to prevent the cutting base from desiccating
  • Stability for the cutting
  • Slightly acidic to neutral pH
  • Free from pest, diseases and weed seeds
  • Low in nutirents for the cuttings
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5
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: plant examples

A

Fuschia fulgens
Pelarginium zonale
Buddleja
Cornus alba

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6
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: Time

A

Spring and early summer

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7
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: collection

A
  • Healthy, juvenile growth current years growth
  • True to type
  • P&D free
  • Collect 5 - 10 cm cuttings
  • Collect in the morning so the plant is turgid
  • Lateral, soft, juvenile material
  • Cut above a node
  • Place in a polythene bad and label
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8
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: Prepatation

A
  • Make 5-10cm cuttings, trim just below the node and remove most of the leaves
  • Large leaves can be reduced in size, remove any flower buds
  • Dip the base in rooting powder
  • Insert bottom 1/3 o the cutting into growing media
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9
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: growing media

A
  • peat/alternative and vermiculite

* make sure no foliage is not touching the growing media

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10
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: plants

A 
Clematis montana
Buddleja davidii
Camelia japonica
Cornus alba
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
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11
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: time of year

A

Late Summer - Early Autumn

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12
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: Collection

A
  • True to type, healthy, current seasons growth
  • Early in the morning
  • Cut just above a node
  • Place in a plastic bad to reduce transpiration
  • 10-15cm lengh
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13
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: Preparation and insertion

A
  • Trim to below a node
  • Cuttings 10-15cm lenght
  • Remove 1/3 of the leaves bottom
  • Reduce large leaves
  • Insert into growing media just below the leaves
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14
Q

How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Plants

A

Cornus alba
Buddeja davidii
Salix alba

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15
Q

How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Time

A

During dormant season

end of Oct to Feb

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16
Q

How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Collection

A
  • True to type
  • From current seasons growth
  • 20 - 30 cm lenght
  • Soft growing tips removed
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17
Q

How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Preparation

A
  • Cut just below a node
  • Angled cut at the top above a node
  • Horizontal at the base
  • Remove leaves
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18
Q

Sticking definition

A

Inserting softwood or semi-ripe stem cutting into a tray of rooting media

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19
Q

Wounding definition

A

Removal of up to 2.5cm portion of bark in hardwood or semi-ripe cutting stem base to expose the vascular cambium. Promotes root growth

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20
Q

Hell cutting definition

A

Normally prepared from semi-ripe or hardwood cuttings. Consists of lateral stem that is removed with a portion of the main stem which is called the ‘heel’

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21
Q

Propagation by division: Plants

A

Alchemilla mollis
Rhus typhina
Hosta fortunei
Echinacea purpurea

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22
Q

Propagation by division: Time

A

During dormant season (Oct - March or Autumn)

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23
Q

Propagation by division: Lifting

A
  • carefully with a garden fork
  • Clear any soil
  • Do not allow to dry
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24
Q

Propagation by division: Dividing

A
  • Can be done with sterile knife, secateurs or 2 garden forks without damaging any emerging buds
  • Make sure any propagation material has some root growth and a growth bud
  • Around 15cm long but depends on a plant
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25
Q

Propagation by division: aftercare

A

Smaller divisions shou;d be potted, bigger can get replanted straight into the ground

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26
Q

Propagation by layering: Air layering: Plants

A

Ficus elastica
Magnolia grandiflora
Monstera deliciosa

Air layering is for plants that do not easily take from stem cuttings and do not have low handing branches for layering

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27
Q

Propagation by layering: Air layering: Time

A

Spring or Autumn

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28
Q

Propagation by layering: Air layering: Preparation

A
  • Young, 1 - 2 year stems

* Remove leaves from the area

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29
Q

Propagation by layering: Air layering: Technique

A
  • Upward slanting, 2.5 - 3 cm notches made through the node which is kept open by the use of a match stick
  • Trimside-shoots
  • Root hormone can be applied to the cut
  • Moist spaghnum moss places around the cut surfaces
  • Retain moisture bu covering with a clear polythene (for observation) and black one afterwards (to keep roots from going hard and green)
30
Q

Propagation by layering: Simple layering: Plants

A

Cotinus coggygria

Cornus alba

31
Q

Propagation by layering: Simple layering: Time

A

Autumn (dormant season)

Spring for some (evergreens respond better in spring)

32
Q

Propagation by layering: Simple layering: Material

A

Vigorous, young, flexible current season shoots

33
Q

Propagation by layering: Simple layering: method

A
  • Prepare the soil, inforporate organic material
  • Stem to be layered is gently bent into 10 cm depth trench
  • At point of soil contract, stem wounded
  • Keep the stem in place by wire pegs
  • Theend of the stem ina vertical position with a bamboo and twine
  • Firm and water
34
Q

Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: WHEN applicable

A

Looping the stems in and out of the ground. Produce large nurmber of plants as opposed to sinple layering of plants as opposed to simple layerings. Good for climbers and plants that do not root easily from vuttings

35
Q

Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Plants

A

Clematis montana

Wisteria floribunda

36
Q

Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Time

A

Spring or autumn

37
Q

Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Selection of material

A

Flexible stems

No need to wound if really thin

38
Q

Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Method

A

Same as simple yaering but plants come in and out of the soil

39
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: plants

A

Saintpaulia ionatha

Peperomia caperata

40
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: material selection

A
  • Select appropriate material

* Take the cutting using a sharp knife or scalpel back to its base

41
Q

Propagation by lraf cuttings: leaf petiole: Time

A

When in active growth

42
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: preparation

A
  • Place the cutting on flat surface and cut leaf petiole down to 2cm
  • Dont le the cutting dry out
43
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: insertion

A

Insert the cutting verticall with the leaf lamina resting on top

44
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: plants

A

Steptocarpus rexii

Begonia rex Cultorium group

45
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: Time

A

When in active growth

46
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: preparation

A

Prepare cuttings with clean sharp scalpel

Cut into 2.5cm lengh chevrons on thichk leaves or cut the veins either side of midrib

47
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: insertion

A

insert vertically or flat onto surface where the cuttings are and pin down if needed

48
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds: Plants

A

Camelia japonica

Clematis montana

49
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds: time

A

Summer, Autumn or Wintre

50
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds:Preparation

A

Hardenerd, current seasons growth

Make top cut ust above a node (make sure has bud) and bottom cut 5cm below it

Wound wood material
Rooting powder
Reduce leaves bu 50 percent

51
Q

Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds: insertion

A

cuttings inserted just below a node with bud above the growing media

52
Q

Propagation by root cuttings: plants

A

Papaver orientale

Primula denticulata

53
Q

Propagation by root cuttings: timing

A

In dormant season

54
Q

Propagation by root cuttings: collection

A

Healthy etc.
Lifted carefully
Scrape away the soil to find good cutting material
Approx 5cm lengh

55
Q

Propagation by root cuttings: preparation and insertion

A

Clean, horizontal cut made at the top of 5cm root cuttings

Slanted cut at the bottom
Insert vertically

56
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: softwood cuttings

A 
Mistings bench
Moist conditions
High humidity
Cooler aerial environment than roots
Basal warmth
Not in direct light
57
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: semi-ripe cuttings

A

Misting bench

58
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: hardwood cuttings

A

open grounds

cold frame

59
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: sticking/woundings/heel cutting

A

Green house

60
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: division

A

open ground if large

green house if smaller

61
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: air layering

A

greenhouse

62
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: serpentine layering

A

open ground

63
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: simple layering

A

open ground

64
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: petiole cuttings

A

High humidity

Over head watering not good for cuttings

65
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: leaf lamina

A

misting bench

66
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: lead bud

A

misting bench

67
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: root cutting

A

cold frame or green house

68
Q

How to manage the environmentfor vegetative propagation

A 
Provide additional lighting
Reduce direct unlight by shading
Reduce temperature by ventilation
Increase heat with cables
Increase humidity with mist unit
69
Q

How to avoid NAMED pest during rooting process

A

Aphids : by use of pesticides and checking plants when removing them

70
Q

How to avoid NAMED disease

A

Damping off - using sterile growing media, only watering with tap water

71
Q

Enviroment conditions and facilities: aftercare of vegitatively propagated plants

A 
Remove diseased and dead material
Feeding
Hardening
Potting off
Checking for rooting
Adequate watering
Crop protection measures

R2104 Plant Propagation (4 decks)

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