R2104 4 METHODS OF VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION Flashcards
Plant juvelinity definition
A young non-flowers/fruiting plant that roots more easily due to peresence of natural root hormones
Plant health meaning
- Free from P&D
- Nutritional balance
- Correct light levels
- Correct temperature
Effect of juvelinity and plant health and successful propagation
- Younger wood has a greater capacity of rooting
* Juvenile shoots are in active vegetative growth and root much quicker
Characteristings of material used in growing media for vegetative reproduction
- Open and well aerated to encourage root production and allow root respiration
- Moisture retentive without being waterlogged, to prevent the cutting base from desiccating
- Stability for the cutting
- Slightly acidic to neutral pH
- Free from pest, diseases and weed seeds
- Low in nutirents for the cuttings
How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: plant examples
Fuschia fulgens
Pelarginium zonale
Buddleja
Cornus alba
How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: Time
Spring and early summer
How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: collection
- Healthy, juvenile growth current years growth
- True to type
- P&D free
- Collect 5 - 10 cm cuttings
- Collect in the morning so the plant is turgid
- Lateral, soft, juvenile material
- Cut above a node
- Place in a polythene bad and label
How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: Prepatation
- Make 5-10cm cuttings, trim just below the node and remove most of the leaves
- Large leaves can be reduced in size, remove any flower buds
- Dip the base in rooting powder
- Insert bottom 1/3 o the cutting into growing media
How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: growing media
- peat/alternative and vermiculite
* make sure no foliage is not touching the growing media
How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: plants
Clematis montana Buddleja davidii Camelia japonica Cornus alba Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: time of year
Late Summer - Early Autumn
How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: Collection
- True to type, healthy, current seasons growth
- Early in the morning
- Cut just above a node
- Place in a plastic bad to reduce transpiration
- 10-15cm lengh
How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: Preparation and insertion
- Trim to below a node
- Cuttings 10-15cm lenght
- Remove 1/3 of the leaves bottom
- Reduce large leaves
- Insert into growing media just below the leaves
How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Plants
Cornus alba
Buddeja davidii
Salix alba
How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Time
During dormant season
end of Oct to Feb
How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Collection
- True to type
- From current seasons growth
- 20 - 30 cm lenght
- Soft growing tips removed
How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Preparation
- Cut just below a node
- Angled cut at the top above a node
- Horizontal at the base
- Remove leaves
Sticking definition
Inserting softwood or semi-ripe stem cutting into a tray of rooting media
Wounding definition
Removal of up to 2.5cm portion of bark in hardwood or semi-ripe cutting stem base to expose the vascular cambium. Promotes root growth
Hell cutting definition
Normally prepared from semi-ripe or hardwood cuttings. Consists of lateral stem that is removed with a portion of the main stem which is called the ‘heel’
Propagation by division: Plants
Alchemilla mollis
Rhus typhina
Hosta fortunei
Echinacea purpurea
Propagation by division: Time
During dormant season (Oct - March or Autumn)
Propagation by division: Lifting
- carefully with a garden fork
- Clear any soil
- Do not allow to dry
Propagation by division: Dividing
- Can be done with sterile knife, secateurs or 2 garden forks without damaging any emerging buds
- Make sure any propagation material has some root growth and a growth bud
- Around 15cm long but depends on a plant
Propagation by division: aftercare
Smaller divisions shou;d be potted, bigger can get replanted straight into the ground
Propagation by layering: Air layering: Plants
Ficus elastica
Magnolia grandiflora
Monstera deliciosa
Air layering is for plants that do not easily take from stem cuttings and do not have low handing branches for layering
Propagation by layering: Air layering: Time
Spring or Autumn
Propagation by layering: Air layering: Preparation
- Young, 1 - 2 year stems
* Remove leaves from the area
Propagation by layering: Air layering: Technique
- Upward slanting, 2.5 - 3 cm notches made through the node which is kept open by the use of a match stick
- Trimside-shoots
- Root hormone can be applied to the cut
- Moist spaghnum moss places around the cut surfaces
- Retain moisture bu covering with a clear polythene (for observation) and black one afterwards (to keep roots from going hard and green)
Propagation by layering: Simple layering: Plants
Cotinus coggygria
Cornus alba
Propagation by layering: Simple layering: Time
Autumn (dormant season)
Spring for some (evergreens respond better in spring)
Propagation by layering: Simple layering: Material
Vigorous, young, flexible current season shoots
Propagation by layering: Simple layering: method
- Prepare the soil, inforporate organic material
- Stem to be layered is gently bent into 10 cm depth trench
- At point of soil contract, stem wounded
- Keep the stem in place by wire pegs
- Theend of the stem ina vertical position with a bamboo and twine
- Firm and water
Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: WHEN applicable
Looping the stems in and out of the ground. Produce large nurmber of plants as opposed to sinple layering of plants as opposed to simple layerings. Good for climbers and plants that do not root easily from vuttings
Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Plants
Clematis montana
Wisteria floribunda
Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Time
Spring or autumn
Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Selection of material
Flexible stems
No need to wound if really thin
Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Method
Same as simple yaering but plants come in and out of the soil
Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: plants
Saintpaulia ionatha
Peperomia caperata
Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: material selection
- Select appropriate material
* Take the cutting using a sharp knife or scalpel back to its base
Propagation by lraf cuttings: leaf petiole: Time
When in active growth
Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: preparation
- Place the cutting on flat surface and cut leaf petiole down to 2cm
- Dont le the cutting dry out
Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: insertion
Insert the cutting verticall with the leaf lamina resting on top
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: plants
Steptocarpus rexii
Begonia rex Cultorium group
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: Time
When in active growth
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: preparation
Prepare cuttings with clean sharp scalpel
Cut into 2.5cm lengh chevrons on thichk leaves or cut the veins either side of midrib
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: insertion
insert vertically or flat onto surface where the cuttings are and pin down if needed
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds: Plants
Camelia japonica
Clematis montana
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds: time
Summer, Autumn or Wintre
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds:Preparation
Hardenerd, current seasons growth
Make top cut ust above a node (make sure has bud) and bottom cut 5cm below it
Wound wood material
Rooting powder
Reduce leaves bu 50 percent
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds: insertion
cuttings inserted just below a node with bud above the growing media
Propagation by root cuttings: plants
Papaver orientale
Primula denticulata
Propagation by root cuttings: timing
In dormant season
Propagation by root cuttings: collection
Healthy etc.
Lifted carefully
Scrape away the soil to find good cutting material
Approx 5cm lengh
Propagation by root cuttings: preparation and insertion
Clean, horizontal cut made at the top of 5cm root cuttings
Slanted cut at the bottom
Insert vertically
Enviroment conditions and facilities: softwood cuttings
Mistings bench Moist conditions High humidity Cooler aerial environment than roots Basal warmth Not in direct light
Enviroment conditions and facilities: semi-ripe cuttings
Misting bench
Enviroment conditions and facilities: hardwood cuttings
open grounds
cold frame
Enviroment conditions and facilities: sticking/woundings/heel cutting
Green house
Enviroment conditions and facilities: division
open ground if large
green house if smaller
Enviroment conditions and facilities: air layering
greenhouse
Enviroment conditions and facilities: serpentine layering
open ground
Enviroment conditions and facilities: simple layering
open ground
Enviroment conditions and facilities: petiole cuttings
High humidity
Over head watering not good for cuttings
Enviroment conditions and facilities: leaf lamina
misting bench
Enviroment conditions and facilities: lead bud
misting bench
Enviroment conditions and facilities: root cutting
cold frame or green house
How to manage the environmentfor vegetative propagation
Provide additional lighting Reduce direct unlight by shading Reduce temperature by ventilation Increase heat with cables Increase humidity with mist unit
How to avoid NAMED pest during rooting process
Aphids : by use of pesticides and checking plants when removing them
How to avoid NAMED disease
Damping off - using sterile growing media, only watering with tap water
Enviroment conditions and facilities: aftercare of vegitatively propagated plants
Remove diseased and dead material Feeding Hardening Potting off Checking for rooting Adequate watering Crop protection measures
