R Terminology (Structure and Function of R)

Question 1

object

Answer 1

a thing – like a number, a dataset, a summary statistic like a mean or standard deviation, or a statistical test. Objects come in many different shapes and sizes in R. There are simple objects like which represent single numbers, vectors (like our tattoos object above) which represent several numbers, more complex objects like dataframes which represent tables of data, and even more complex objects like hypothesis tests or regression which contain all sorts of statistical information.

Question 2

comment

Answer 2

type “#”

then freely type within your script any information that will be helpful to you in navigating that script when you need to review it later.

VERY HELPFUL

Question 3

function

Answer 3

a procedure that typically takes one or more objects as arguments (aka, inputs), does something with those objects, then returns a new object

Question 4

object

scalar

Answer 4

a single value like a number or a name

Examples of numeric scalars
a <- 100
b <- 3 / 100
c <- (a + b) / b

can be either character or numeric

Question 5

object

vector

Answer 5

a combination of several scalars stored as a single object. For example, the numbers from one to ten could be a vector of length 10, and the characters in the English alphabet could be a vector of length 26. Like scalars, vectors can be either numeric or character (but not both!).

Question 6

types of objects

Answer 6

numeric objects use numbers only:
a <- 100
b <- 3 / 100
c <- (a + b) / b

character objects use text only:
d <- “ship”
e <- “cannon”
f <- “Do any modern armies still use cannons?”

Question 7

script

Question 8

project

Question 9

console

Question 10

environment

Question 11

object

matrix

Question 12

object

data frame