R-PS Sem Exam Combined Set Flashcards
quantitative observations
has numbers
King
kilo (x 10e3) ( k)
The lightbulb is an example of ____.
technology
The prefix kilo- means ____.
1,000
What punctuation mark can NEVER follow a hypothesis?
A question mark
(A hypothesis is a statement, it is never a question)
Rule for determining how many significant figures to keep when multiplying one or more numbers?
- Count the significant figures in all the numbers you are multiplying.
- Find the one with the least number of sig figs.
- Keep this many sig figs in your final answer.
You use your brain for
Inferences
Hypothesis
An educated and careful guess
worldwide system of measurement
SI
The best type of graph to use to show how some fixed quantity is broken down into parts is_____.
circle graph (pie chart)
On a multiple choice test, the response “all of the above” means….
It means you better read each and every one of the other responses!
SI
worldwide system of measurement (Systeme International d’unites)
If you use your brain, then it is an (obseration/inference)
inference
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is always a statement.
Hypothesis
An explanation of an event that is based on repeated observations and experiments is a ____.
theory
milli-
SI prefix meaning 0.001
qualitative observation
has no numbers
kelvin
SI unit of temperature
meter
SI unit of length
A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested
A Control
SI unit of length
meter
Milk
milli (x 10e-3) (m)
explanation of a group of related events that is based on extensive observation and experimentation
scientific theory
prefix milli-
0.001
If the number has a
decimal point….
What is the rule for determining the
place value of the uncertain digit?
It is the last digit on the right.
- 0
- 25
- 6500
- 345 x 103
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is always a statement.
Hypothesis
A cubic centimeter is also known as either a cc or a ___________.
milliliter
.0080
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
.0080
plotted on the vertical or y-axis
dependent variable
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
22,300 ÷ 2.004 =
3
(22,300 has only 3 sig figs)
The amount of material in an object
mass
dependent variable is usually plotted on the
vertical or y-axis
True or False.
The “Null Hypothesis” predicts that changes in the independent variable will affect the dependent variable.
False
Why is it so important for industrial countries to have a standard of measurement?
Measurements can be compared to each other.
Rule for determining how many sig figs to keep when adding numbers.
- Find the uncertain digit in each of the numbers. (It is usually the one on the right, but zeros can be tricky)
- Examine the place value of each of the uncertain digits you found in step one.
- Which place value is the largest?
- Round your final answer to this same place value.
SI prefix meaning 0.01
centi-
Must be in the form of a statement.
A hypothesis
In order to make observations, you must always use…
One of your five senses.
You are multiplying the following numbers.
204.1
300
_ x 200.07_
12,250,286.1
How many significant figures should show in your answer?
One significant figure
10,000,000
The number 300 has only one significant figure, so your answer will be limited to one significant figure.
You are multiplying the following numbers:
- 3
- 077
x 400.00
840.84
How many significant figures should show in your answer?
Two significant figures.
840
The number 0.077 has only two significant figures, so the answer should be limited to two significant figures.
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It has many, many parts
Theory
Why do we typically avoid putting “breaks” in the axes of graphs?
It distorts the appearance of the data.
The SI unit that is used to measure time is the ____.
second
Why do we draw lines between ponts on a line graph?
To represent the expected values of the unmeasured data between the measured points.
“I have a theory about that”
Statement by someone who does not understand the difference between a theory and a hypothesis
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
63.313
-12.1
51.131
To the tenths place.
51.1
This is a subtraction problem, and 12.1 is accurate only to the tenths place, so you can’t go any farther than the tenths place in your answer.
Correct symbol for the SI unit of temperature
K (kelvin)
SI prefix meaning 0.001
milli-
SI unit of mass
kilogram
Temperature of absolute zero in Fahrenheit
negative 459.4 (don’t memorize this, just know that it is really, really cold)
You are doing an experiment to see if ducks fly faster when listening to music with special “duck” headphones.
You equip 300 ducks with these special headphones and measure their flight speed to be 43mph.
You then conclude that ducks do fly faster with headphones.
What is missing?
A control
You would need “A Control” as a basis for comparison. In other words, you would need to measure the flight speed of a group of ducks without headphones. Then you could compare.
2000
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
2000
The prefix milli- means ____.
0.001
Why is the unit for speed, m/s, a derived unit?
It is a mathematical combination of two or more units. (meters divided by seconds)
Sometimes an experiment has a whole set of hypotheses. The hypothesis that says that changing the independent varialbe will have no effect on the dependent variable is called what?
The Null Hypothesis
A factor that does NOT change in an experiment
A constant (aka “controlled variable”)
A factor that does NOT change in an experiment is the ____.
constant
In an experiment to determine whether the popping of popcorn is affected by the temperature at which it is stored, counting the popped kernels is an example of a(n) ____.
quantitative observation
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
0.0620
-0.0110
0.0510
To the ten thousandths place.
0.0510
This is a subtraction problem, and both numbers are accurate to the ten thousandths place, so you should write the answer out the the ten thousandths place.
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It must be testable
Hypothesis
By
______(x 10e0) (no prefix because this is the base unit like grams, meters, liters, etc)
mass per unit volume
density
True value
The result you would get if you could actually make a perfect measurement. (Too bad you can never do that. It is impossible)
Temperature of absolute zero in Celsius
negative 273 degrees celsius
If you use your senses, then it is an (observation/inference)
observation
When do we put “breaks” in the axes of graphs?
When we are willing to live with the distorted appearance of the data so that we can zoom in on a specific region of the data.
If you multiply 27.3 x 32, your answer will have how many significant figures?
2
Graphs are visual representations of data that help scientists to detect _________ in the data.
patterns
SI unit of temperature
kelvin
kilo-
SI prefix meaning 1,000
Define a “standard” as it is used in the term standard measurement.
An exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
96.3 x 13,310 =
3
(96.3 has only 3 sig figs)
Any SI unit can be converted to any other SI unit by multiplying by the appropriate ___________ _____________.
conversion factor
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is a description
Scientific Law
A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable
independent varialble (aka manipulated variable)
measurement standard
exact quantity people agree to use for comparison
.008
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
.008
m
The greek letter “mu” (pronounced “mew” like a cat might say)
Mix
micro (x 10e-6) (_)
Henry
hecto (x 10e2) (h)
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
16.85
+3312
3328.85
The ones place.
3329
This is an addition problem, and 3312 is accurate only to the ones place, so you have to round your answer to the ones place.
Representation of an idea, event, or object that can help people better understand it.
Model
A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable is the ____.
independent variable
If a number has a
zero with a line over it…
Where is the uncertain digit?
(This is an important exception to some other rules you might see on these flash cards.
The zero with the line over it is the uncertain digit.
kilogram
SI unit of mass
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
When a part of it is refuted by an experiment, that part is changed to make that one part better.
Theory
variable usually plotted on the horizontal or x-axis
independent varialble (aka manipulated variable)
Accuracy
How close a measurement is to the true value or even the accepted value.
First step in designing an experiment
State the problem
Studying the effect of one thing on another in order to test a hypothesis is a(n) ____.
experiment
“aka” means
also known as
Why is a cubic centimeter a derived unit?
It_s a mathematical combination of two or more units. (cm x cm x cm)
derived unit of volume
cubic centimeter
Abbreviation for the International System of Units
SI
Rule for determining the number of sig figs to keep when you are dividing numbers.
- Count the significant figures in all the numbers you are dividing.
- Find the one with the least number of sig figs.
- Keep this many sig figs in your final answer.
SI unit of time
second
nano
SI prefix meaning one billionth of (x 10e-9)
factor in an experiment that changes from the manipulation of the independent variable
dependent variable
micro
SI prefix meaning one millionth of (x 10e-6)
(Laws/Theories) are small (can be fully described in a few sentences or a mathematical formula
Laws
Another term for technology is ____.
applied science
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
47.3 x 83,312 =
3
Amount of space occupied by an object
volume
“IM DR” is a mnemonic device to help remember
(Independent variable = Manipulated variable) and (Dependent variable = Responding Variable)
Nuggets
(x 10e-9)
Why are the points on a bar graph not connected?
There is no data between points that could be graphed.
Precision
How closely measurements are too each other.
The correct symbol for the SI unit of temperature is ____.
K
Why don’t we draw lines between bars on a bar graph?
There is no data between the bars on a bar graph.
SI prefix meaning 1,000
kilo-
A beaker contains 0.32 L of water. What is the volume of this water in milliliters?
320 mL
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
6.03
+12.002
18.032
To the hundredths place.
18.03
This is an addition problem, and 6.03 is accurate only to the hundredths place, so you can’t go any farther than the hundredths place in your answer.
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is BIG
Theory
Scientific Method
An organized set of investigation procedures.
What is the definition of a derived unit?
A mathematical combination of two or more units.
(Laws/Theories) are big usually developed by many scientists working over years or decades.
Laws.
Temperature of absolute zero in kelvin
0 degrees Kelvin
Hanging Indent
A formatting style Mr. Bixel likes us to use on our labs.
670.45
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
670.45
A factor in an experiment that changes from the manipulation of the independent variable is the_____.
dependent variable
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
0.331 x 0.2473 =
3
(0.331 has the least number of sig figs in this multiplication problem)
Explain how the lack of a control in an experiment impacts the experiment.
Without a control, there is no basis for comparison.
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is “small.”
Scientific Law
On a test or quiz, what does “All of these” mean?
It means that only a silly person would pick an answer without reading ALL of the answers.
centi-
SI prefix meaning 0.01
The Null Hypothesis predicts what relationship between the independent and dependent variables?
No relationship at all.
(Changine the independent variable has not effect on the dependent variable.)
Arrange in order from smallest to largest. (cm, km, m, mm, nm
nm, mm, cm, m, km
When designing an experiment, the first step is to ____.
state the problem
mass
amount of material in an object
independent variable is aka
manipulated variable (IM DR)
SI system is based upon multiples of
10
graph type used to show some fixed quantity broken down into parts
circle graph (pie chart)
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
A single experiment cannot ever prove it correct, but it can support it.
Hypothesis
cubic centimeter
derived unit of volume
(its a cube with 1 cm sides)
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
6.03
+12.002
18.032
To the hundredths place.
18.03
This is an addition problem, and 6.03 is accurate only to the hundredths place, so you can’t go any farther than the hundredths place in your answer.
An idea, event, or object can be represented by a ____ to help people better understand it.
model
Studying the effect of one thing on another in order to test a hypothesis is a(n) ____.
experiment
Observation or Inference?
“The sky looks blue today”
Observation
(You used one of your five senses)
“I have a hypothesis about that”
Statement by someone who does understand the difference between a theory and a hypothesis
quantitative observations
has numbers
King
kilo (x 10e3) ( k)
The lightbulb is an example of ____.
technology
The prefix kilo- means ____.
1,000
What punctuation mark can NEVER follow a hypothesis?
A question mark
(A hypothesis is a statement, it is never a question)
Rule for determining how many significant figures to keep when multiplying one or more numbers?
- Count the significant figures in all the numbers you are multiplying.
- Find the one with the least number of sig figs.
- Keep this many sig figs in your final answer.
You use your brain for
Inferences
Hypothesis
An educated and careful guess
worldwide system of measurement
SI
The best type of graph to use to show how some fixed quantity is broken down into parts is_____.
circle graph (pie chart)
On a multiple choice test, the response “all of the above” means….
It means you better read each and every one of the other responses!
SI
worldwide system of measurement (Systeme International d’unites)
If you use your brain, then it is an (obseration/inference)
inference
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is always a statement.
Hypothesis
An explanation of an event that is based on repeated observations and experiments is a ____.
theory
milli-
SI prefix meaning 0.001
qualitative observation
has no numbers
kelvin
SI unit of temperature
meter
SI unit of length
A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested
A Control
SI unit of length
meter
Milk
milli (x 10e-3) (m)
explanation of a group of related events that is based on extensive observation and experimentation
scientific theory
prefix milli-
0.001
If the number has a
decimal point….
What is the rule for determining the
place value of the uncertain digit?
It is the last digit on the right.
- 0
- 25
- 6500
- 345 x 103
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is always a statement.
Hypothesis
A cubic centimeter is also known as either a cc or a ___________.
milliliter
.0080
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
.0080
plotted on the vertical or y-axis
dependent variable
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
22,300 ÷ 2.004 =
3
(22,300 has only 3 sig figs)
The amount of material in an object
mass
dependent variable is usually plotted on the
vertical or y-axis
True or False.
The “Null Hypothesis” predicts that changes in the independent variable will affect the dependent variable.
False
Why is it so important for industrial countries to have a standard of measurement?
Measurements can be compared to each other.
Rule for determining how many sig figs to keep when adding numbers.
- Find the uncertain digit in each of the numbers. (It is usually the one on the right, but zeros can be tricky)
- Examine the place value of each of the uncertain digits you found in step one.
- Which place value is the largest?
- Round your final answer to this same place value.
SI prefix meaning 0.01
centi-
Must be in the form of a statement.
A hypothesis
In order to make observations, you must always use…
One of your five senses.
You are multiplying the following numbers.
204.1
300
_ x 200.07_
12,250,286.1
How many significant figures should show in your answer?
One significant figure
10,000,000
The number 300 has only one significant figure, so your answer will be limited to one significant figure.
You are multiplying the following numbers:
- 3
- 077
x 400.00
840.84
How many significant figures should show in your answer?
Two significant figures.
840
The number 0.077 has only two significant figures, so the answer should be limited to two significant figures.
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It has many, many parts
Theory
Why do we typically avoid putting “breaks” in the axes of graphs?
It distorts the appearance of the data.
The SI unit that is used to measure time is the ____.
second
Why do we draw lines between ponts on a line graph?
To represent the expected values of the unmeasured data between the measured points.
“I have a theory about that”
Statement by someone who does not understand the difference between a theory and a hypothesis
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
63.313
-12.1
51.131
To the tenths place.
51.1
This is a subtraction problem, and 12.1 is accurate only to the tenths place, so you can’t go any farther than the tenths place in your answer.
Correct symbol for the SI unit of temperature
K (kelvin)
SI prefix meaning 0.001
milli-
SI unit of mass
kilogram
Temperature of absolute zero in Fahrenheit
negative 459.4 (don’t memorize this, just know that it is really, really cold)
You are doing an experiment to see if ducks fly faster when listening to music with special “duck” headphones.
You equip 300 ducks with these special headphones and measure their flight speed to be 43mph.
You then conclude that ducks do fly faster with headphones.
What is missing?
A control
You would need “A Control” as a basis for comparison. In other words, you would need to measure the flight speed of a group of ducks without headphones. Then you could compare.
2000
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
2000
The prefix milli- means ____.
0.001
Why is the unit for speed, m/s, a derived unit?
It is a mathematical combination of two or more units. (meters divided by seconds)
Sometimes an experiment has a whole set of hypotheses. The hypothesis that says that changing the independent varialbe will have no effect on the dependent variable is called what?
The Null Hypothesis
A factor that does NOT change in an experiment
A constant (aka “controlled variable”)
A factor that does NOT change in an experiment is the ____.
constant
In an experiment to determine whether the popping of popcorn is affected by the temperature at which it is stored, counting the popped kernels is an example of a(n) ____.
quantitative observation
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
0.0620
-0.0110
0.0510
To the ten thousandths place.
0.0510
This is a subtraction problem, and both numbers are accurate to the ten thousandths place, so you should write the answer out the the ten thousandths place.
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It must be testable
Hypothesis
By
______(x 10e0) (no prefix because this is the base unit like grams, meters, liters, etc)
mass per unit volume
density
True value
The result you would get if you could actually make a perfect measurement. (Too bad you can never do that. It is impossible)
Temperature of absolute zero in Celsius
negative 273 degrees celsius
If you use your senses, then it is an (observation/inference)
observation
When do we put “breaks” in the axes of graphs?
When we are willing to live with the distorted appearance of the data so that we can zoom in on a specific region of the data.
If you multiply 27.3 x 32, your answer will have how many significant figures?
2
Graphs are visual representations of data that help scientists to detect _________ in the data.
patterns
SI unit of temperature
kelvin
kilo-
SI prefix meaning 1,000
Define a “standard” as it is used in the term standard measurement.
An exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
96.3 x 13,310 =
3
(96.3 has only 3 sig figs)
Any SI unit can be converted to any other SI unit by multiplying by the appropriate ___________ _____________.
conversion factor
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is a description
Scientific Law
A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable
independent varialble (aka manipulated variable)
measurement standard
exact quantity people agree to use for comparison
.008
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
.008
m
The greek letter “mu” (pronounced “mew” like a cat might say)
Mix
micro (x 10e-6) (_)
Henry
hecto (x 10e2) (h)
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
16.85
+3312
3328.85
The ones place.
3329
This is an addition problem, and 3312 is accurate only to the ones place, so you have to round your answer to the ones place.
Representation of an idea, event, or object that can help people better understand it.
Model
A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable is the ____.
independent variable
If a number has a
zero with a line over it…
Where is the uncertain digit?
(This is an important exception to some other rules you might see on these flash cards.
The zero with the line over it is the uncertain digit.
kilogram
SI unit of mass
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
When a part of it is refuted by an experiment, that part is changed to make that one part better.
Theory
variable usually plotted on the horizontal or x-axis
independent varialble (aka manipulated variable)
Accuracy
How close a measurement is to the true value or even the accepted value.
First step in designing an experiment
State the problem
Studying the effect of one thing on another in order to test a hypothesis is a(n) ____.
experiment
“aka” means
also known as
Why is a cubic centimeter a derived unit?
It_s a mathematical combination of two or more units. (cm x cm x cm)
derived unit of volume
cubic centimeter
Abbreviation for the International System of Units
SI
Rule for determining the number of sig figs to keep when you are dividing numbers.
- Count the significant figures in all the numbers you are dividing.
- Find the one with the least number of sig figs.
- Keep this many sig figs in your final answer.
SI unit of time
second
nano
SI prefix meaning one billionth of (x 10e-9)
factor in an experiment that changes from the manipulation of the independent variable
dependent variable
micro
SI prefix meaning one millionth of (x 10e-6)
(Laws/Theories) are small (can be fully described in a few sentences or a mathematical formula
Laws
Another term for technology is ____.
applied science
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
47.3 x 83,312 =
3
Amount of space occupied by an object
volume
“IM DR” is a mnemonic device to help remember
(Independent variable = Manipulated variable) and (Dependent variable = Responding Variable)
Nuggets
(x 10e-9)
Why are the points on a bar graph not connected?
There is no data between points that could be graphed.
Precision
How closely measurements are too each other.
The correct symbol for the SI unit of temperature is ____.
K
Why don’t we draw lines between bars on a bar graph?
There is no data between the bars on a bar graph.
SI prefix meaning 1,000
kilo-
A beaker contains 0.32 L of water. What is the volume of this water in milliliters?
320 mL
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
6.03
+12.002
18.032
To the hundredths place.
18.03
This is an addition problem, and 6.03 is accurate only to the hundredths place, so you can’t go any farther than the hundredths place in your answer.
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is BIG
Theory
Scientific Method
An organized set of investigation procedures.
What is the definition of a derived unit?
A mathematical combination of two or more units.
(Laws/Theories) are big usually developed by many scientists working over years or decades.
Theories
Temperature of absolute zero in kelvin
0 degrees Kelvin
Hanging Indent
A formatting style Mr. Bixel likes us to use on our labs.
670.45
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
670.45
A factor in an experiment that changes from the manipulation of the independent variable is the_____.
dependent variable
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
0.331 x 0.2473 =
3
(0.331 has the least number of sig figs in this multiplication problem)
Explain how the lack of a control in an experiment impacts the experiment.
Without a control, there is no basis for comparison.
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is “small.”
Scientific Law
On a test or quiz, what does “All of these” mean?
It means that only a silly person would pick an answer without reading ALL of the answers.
centi-
SI prefix meaning 0.01
The Null Hypothesis predicts what relationship between the independent and dependent variables?
No relationship at all.
(Changine the independent variable has not effect on the dependent variable.)
Arrange in order from smallest to largest. (cm, km, m, mm, nm
nm, mm, cm, m, km
When designing an experiment, the first step is to ____.
state the problem
mass
amount of material in an object
independent variable is aka
manipulated variable (IM DR)
SI system is based upon multiples of
10
graph type used to show some fixed quantity broken down into parts
circle graph (pie chart)
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
A single experiment cannot ever prove it correct, but it can support it.
Hypothesis
cubic centimeter
derived unit of volume
(its a cube with 1 cm sides)
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
6.03
+12.002
18.032
To the hundredths place.
18.03
This is an addition problem, and 6.03 is accurate only to the hundredths place, so you can’t go any farther than the hundredths place in your answer.
An idea, event, or object can be represented by a ____ to help people better understand it.
model
Studying the effect of one thing on another in order to test a hypothesis is a(n) ____.
experiment
Observation or Inference?
“The sky looks blue today”
Observation
(You used one of your five senses)
“I have a hypothesis about that”
Statement by someone who does understand the difference between a theory and a hypothesis
The amount of matter in an object.
Mass
kilogram
Is a unit of?
Mass
newton
Is a unit of?
Force
meter
Is a unit of?
Distance
inch
Is a unit of?
Distance
kg m/sec
Is a unit of?
Momentum
grams x miles/hr
Is a unit of?
Momentum
m/(s x s)
Is a unit of?
Acceleration
m/s2
Is a unit of?
Acceleration
m/s
Is a unit of?
Speed
m/s - North
Is a unit of?
Velocity
miles/hr
Is a unit of?
Speed
cm/day
Is a unit of?
Speed
miles East
Is a unit of?
Displacement
miles/hr - West
Is a unit of?
Velocity
m/s SouthEast
Is a unit of?
Velocity
Pounds
Is a unit of?
Force
kiloNewtons
Is a unit of?
Force
milliNewtons
Is a unit of?
Force
A force is a
Push or a Pull
Normal Force means a force ___________ to a surface
Perpendicular
Normal
Perpendicular
Another way to say perpendicular
Normal
How can you determine the direction in which friction acts upon a moving object
Friction will act in the direction opposite of the motion of the object.
Definition of Mass
The amount of matter in an object.
(Each time you add an atom to an object, you add mass)
Definition of Weight
The force of gravity upon an object.
Mass and Weight mean ____________ things.
Different
Formula for finding Weight
Weight = ___________ x ____________
Weight = mass x gravity
What is this thing?
(scroll down and look at entire picture)
Your secret weapon to get 4 questions right on the upcoming test.
What can this tell you about mass and weight?
The Earth’s gravity applies a force of
9.8-Newtons to a 1-kg mass
If you took this thingy to the moon and looked at it, the mass would _______________?
Stay the same.
The 1-kg label on th object will still say 1-kg, and it will still be correct.
If you took this thingy to the moon and looked at it, the weight would _______________?
Go down.
The moon has less gravity, so the red needle would only point to about 2.
What can this thingy tell you about weight?
Weight is a force.
The force of gravity upon an object
weight
Two definitions of acceleration
Change in speed or direction
or
Change in Velociy
Formula for acceleration
Accleration =
Acceleration = change in velocity/change in time
can also be written as:
a = Δv / Δt
Mass means pretty much the same thing as ________
Inertia
If there is no air friction, which would experience a greater acceleration when dropped off a cliff, a large rock or a small rock?
Neither, both would accelerate at the same rate, and both would reach the ground at the same time.
Gravitational Field Strength near the Earth’s surface
9.8 newtons/kilogram
The word “static” means….
at rest
Static Friction means
The force of friction preventing a motionless object from moving.
Sliding Fricition means…
The force of friction impeding the motion of an object sliding across a surface.
Air Friction
The force of friction impeding the motion of an object fighting its way through the air.
(It has to bump the air molecules out of the way)
You can reduce the friction between to sliding surfaces by coating the surfaces with a ______________.
Lubricant
(oil, grease. etc)
What are these things?
Ball Bearings
What would happen to your mass if you left Earth and went to Jupiter?
Nothing.
Mass is a measure of how much “stuff” or matter there is in an object.
What would happen to your weight if you left Earth and went to Jupiter?
Your weight would go up.
Jupiter has a much stronger gravitational field than the Earth. Weight is the pull of gravity upon an object.
Interaction
When two objecst have an effect upon each other.
Three most common types of interaction
Touch
Gravity
Friction
______________ is a science word. It is used to sort of describe how much of an impact an object might make in a collision.
Momentum.
Momentum = Mass x Velocity
Definition of Mass
The amount of matter in an object.
(Each time you add an atom to an object, you add mass)
Definition of Weight
The force of gravity upon an object.
Mass and Weight mean ____________ things.
Different
Formula for finding Weight
Weight = ___________ x ____________
Weight = mass x gravity
What is this thing?
(scroll down and look at entire picture)
Your secret weapon to get 4 questions right on the upcoming test.
What can this tell you about mass and weight?
The Earth’s gravity applies a force of
9.8-Newtons to a 1-kg mass
If you took this thingy to the moon and looked at it, the mass would _______________?
Stay the same.
The 1-kg label on th object will still say 1-kg, and it will still be correct.
If you took this thingy to the moon and looked at it, the weight would _______________?
Go down.
The moon has less gravity, so the red needle would only point to about 2.
What can this thingy tell you about weight?
Weight is a force.
The force of gravity upon an object
weight
Two definitions of acceleration
Change in speed or direction
or
Change in Velociy
Formula for acceleration
Accleration =
Acceleration = change in velocity/change in time
can also be written as:
a = Δv / Δt
Mass means pretty much the same thing as ________
Inertia
If there is no air friction, which would experience a greater acceleration when dropped off a cliff, a large rock or a small rock?
Neither, both would accelerate at the same rate, and both would reach the ground at the same time.
Gravitational Field Strength near the Earth’s surface
9.8 newtons/kilogram
The word “static” means….
at rest
Static Friction means
The force of friction preventing a motionless object from moving.
Sliding Fricition means…
The force of friction impeding the motion of an object sliding across a surface.
Air Friction
The force of friction impeding the motion of an object fighting its way through the air.
(It has to bump the air molecules out of the way)
You can reduce the friction between to sliding surfaces by coating the surfaces with a ______________.
Lubricant
(oil, grease. etc)
What are these things?
Ball Bearings
What would happen to your mass if you left Earth and went to Jupiter?
Nothing.
Mass is a measure of how much “stuff” or matter there is in an object.
What would happen to your weight if you left Earth and went to Jupiter?
Your weight would go up.
Jupiter has a much stronger gravitational field than the Earth. Weight is the pull of gravity upon an object.
Interaction
When two objecst have an effect upon each other.
Three most common types of interaction
Touch
Gravity
Friction
What does this stand for?
ΣF
Sum of Forces
Sum of Forces, or ΣF, means the same thing as:
Net Force
Friction
The force impeding the motion of an object scraping across a surface or plowing through the air.
Kinetic Friction
The force impeding the motion of a moving object.
Net Force
The overall force that remains after all “cancelling” of forces has been taken into account.
Unbalanced Force means that the Net force is ___________.
Non-Zero
Normal Force
A force at right angles to a surface
A force that is perpendicular to a surface
Normal Force
Equilibrium
When all forces upon an object cancel out.
If an object has a constant velocity, what other things do you know?
Net Force = Zero
Acceleration = Zero
Sum of Forces = Zero
Its in Mechanical Equilibrium
If an object has a Net Force = Zero, what other things do you know?
It has a constant velocity
Acceleration = Zero
Sum of Forces = Zero
Its in Mechanical Equilibrium
If an object has an acceleration of zero what other things do you know?
It has a constant velocity
Net Force = Zero
Sum of Forces = Zero
Its in Mechanical Equilibrium
If the Sum of Forces upon an object is zero, what other things do you know?
It has a constant velocity
Net Force = Zero
Acceleration = Zero
Its in Mechanical Equilibrium
If an object is in equilibrium, what other things do you know?
It has a constant velocity
Net Force = Zero
Acceleration = Zero
Sum of Forces = Zero
Uniform Acceleration
A constant, steady acceleration caused by a constant, steady net force.
(Hint, in high school science, all accelerations studied will be uniform.
An object is in free fall when….
the only force acting upon it is gravity.
(The object could be going up, sideways, or down)
An object has been thrown upward. The only force acting upon the object is gravity. We would say that this object is…
in free fall.
An object has been thrown sideways off of a cliff. The only force acting upon the object is gravity. We would say that this object is…
in free fall.
An object that is “falling freely” is
in free fall.
(Has only one force acting upon it…gravity)
Resistance
The act of opposing something.
Air resistance
The force, caused by the air, opposing the motion of an object.
Gravity
A force that exists between ANY two objects that have mass.
Earth’s Gravitational Field
The area around the Earth that is influenced by the Earth’s gravity.
(Put an object in Earth’s gravitational field and it will tend to “fall” toward the Earth)
Moon’s Gravitational Field
The area around the Moon that is influenced by the Moon’s gravity.
(Put an object in the Moon’s gravitational field and it will tend to “fall” toward the Moon)
Jupiters’s Gravitational Field
The area around Jupiter that is influenced by Jupiter’s gravity.
(Put an object in Jupiter’s gravitational field and it will tend to “fall” toward Jupiter)
What is the strength of Earth’s gravitational Field
9.8 N/kg
This means that the Earth will apply a gravitational force of 9.8 newtons for every 1 kilogram of mass.
Inclined Plane
A hill.
(A plane is a flat surface. If it is inclined, you have a hill)
The purple part below.
Inclined Ramp
An angled surface you might push or pull an object up.
In the picture below, the box is being pulled up the green “Inclined Ramp.”
Both of these cars were going 35-mph before the collision, why did the Smart Car lose?
Momentum = Mass x Velocity
The smart car has less mass, so it has less momentum.
What are these?
These are the SI fundamental units.
What are the fundamental units of speed?
meters / second
What are the fundamental units of force?
kg • m/s2
(Kilograms times meters per second squared)
(notice that this is a combination of the fundamental units in the table below)
What are the fundamental units of time?
s
(seconds)
What are the fundamental units of acceleration?
m/s2
(meters per second squared)
(notice that this is made up of “fundamental units” from the table below)
Reaction Time
The interval between a stimulus and your response.
Example:
The time between when you see a mouse and when you scream.
What are the fundamental units of mass?
kg
(kilograms)
“At Rest”
Not moving
“follows a straight-line-path”
moves in a straight line
Inertia
An object’s resistance to a change in velocity.
(Means almost the same thing as mass)
Density
mass/volume
Order the following items from least dense to most dense.
Rock
Styrofoam
Lead
Water
Styrofoam
Water
Rock
Lead
Volume
How much space an object takes up.
What is the “water displacement method” for determining the volume of an object?
Put water in a container. Submerge the object in the water. See how much the water rises.
“Weigh an Object”
Using a scale to find out how much gravity is pulling down upon an object.
(Note: the reading on the scale would change if you went to the moon.)
“Mass an Object”
Using a balance to determine the mass of an object.
(Note: if you took this to the moon, the balance would still read the same amount. Why?)
Constant Speed
**Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! **
Net Force = 0
Sum of Forces = 0
Its in Equilibrium
Newton’s First Law
Acceleration = 0
Blah blah blah blah blah bladdady blah constant speed blah blah blah blah blah blah yada blah.
Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!
Net Force = 0
Sum of Forces = 0
Its in Equilibrium
Newton’s First Law
Acceleration = 0
Yadda blah, yackity yack blahdidy blah, at a constant velocity blah yaddidy blah yabba dabba do diddtily bloogalsnort.
Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!
Net Force = 0
Sum of Forces = 0
Its in Equilibrium
Newton’s First Law
Acceleration = 0
Satellite
Any object that orbits the Earth
(Spaceships, the moon, asteroids, etc)
Non-Zero
Not equal to zero
“Applied”
Put upon.
“A 13-N force was applied to a rock,” means that you pushed or pulled on the rock with a force of 13-N.
Frictionless
No friction AT ALL.
Even more slippery than the slipperiest ice!
“Releases”
Drops
This would mean that you didn’t “throw” the object down, so it starts with an intitial velocity of zero.
“Released”
Dropped
(Again, initial velocity is zero)
“Drops”
Not thrown up or down.
(If a boy “drops” a rock off a cliff, the initial velocity would be zero)
“Throws”
Gives an initial velocity to.
(Can be up, down, or any other direction)
Suspended
Hanging From
“Acted Upon”
“To exert or have an effect upon.”
A force of 20 Newtons “acted upon” the the block to the right.
Variable
Changing
A “variable” horizontal force acted upon the object.
What does the word, “experience” mean in the following context?
The object “experienced” a lot of friction.
It means “encountered” or “was subjected to.”
The object “encountered” a lot of friction
The object “was subjected to” a lot of friction.
Towed
Pulled
What does “neglecting” mean in the following sentence?
“Neglecting” air friction, the Earth’s gravitational field causes object to accelerate at 9.8 m/s2.
It means “Ignoring”
“neglecting air friction,” means the same thing as “ignoring air friction.”
What is this?
Its a bottle rocket!
What does the word “falls” mean in the following sentence?
A rock “falls” from the edge of a cliff.
V0 = 0 m/s
“Falls” means that the rock was not thrown down or up. Thus, it has an intial velocity of zero.
What does the word “approximately” mean in the following sentence?
The weight is “approximately” 5-newtons
It means “close to” or “about.”
For example, if the weight is truly 4.9-newtons,
we could say it is “approximately” 5.0-newtons
or “about” 5.0-newtons.
What SI measurment unit would you use to measure weight?
Newtons
Weight is a force.
Defined as “the ability to cause a change.”
Energy
Stored Energy is often called
Potential Energy
In science, work is often defined as
The change in energy caused by a force.
Work = Force x Distance
What are two things you could change about a car that would increase its ability to accelerate?
Make it lighter
Make the engine more powerful.
Less mass means more acceleration and more force means more acceleration.
What is the ONLY reason some obects fall more quickly than others when released?
Air Friction!
If there were no air, ALL objects would fall at the same rate.
“Uniform Linear Motion”
is just a physicsy way of saying….
“Moving in a straight line at a steady speed.”
A box is sitting on the floor. The force you must apply to start the box in motion must be a tiny bit bigger than the force of _______ ______ on the box.
Static Friction
You are pushing a box across a floor.
The force you must apply to keep the box moving at a constant speed will be equal to the force of __________ ___________ on the box.
Sliding Friction
(aka Kinetic Friction)
µm
micrometer
“µ” is the symbol for the metric prefix “micro”
µg
microgram
“µ” is the symbol for the metric prefix “micro”
