Quizzes Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
When working in a laboratory with chemicals, what personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn at all times?
a. Shirt and Jean
b. Always wear goggles and lab coats. Gloves should also be worn when needed
c. Goggles only
A
Always wear goggles and lab coats. Gloves should also be worn when needed
2
Q
Can open-toed or open-heeled shoes be worn in the lab?
a. Sometimes
b. No
c. Yes
A
No
3
Q
Is it permissible to have any drink or food in the laboratory?
A
Never
4
Q
Lab personnel should label all containers containing chemicals or compounds made in the lab with:
a. Abbreviations
b. Symbols
c. The chemicals’ full names
A
The chemicals’ full names
5
Q
When diluting an acid with water, always remember to:
a. pour acid into water
b. Add both at the same time
c. Pour water into acid
A
pour acid into water
6
Q
Where in the laboratory should waste chemicals be disposed of properly?
a. Sink
b. Leave on work bench
c. Garbage
d. Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA) for proper disposal of chemical waste
A
Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA) for proper disposal of chemical waste
7
Q
In the event a chemical spill (such as an acid or base gets into your eyes or on your skin), what should you do?
a. Call 911
b. run to get health services
c. Report to Public Safety
d. Immediately rinse affected area in running water for 15 minutes and get a cold shower if needed
A
Immediately rinse affected area in running water for 15 minutes and get a cold shower if needed
8
Q
You are heating a substance in a test tube. Always point the open end of the tube:
a. away from all people
b. toward another classmate
c. toward yourself
d. toward your lab partner
A
away from all people
9
Q
You are heating a piece of glass and now want to pick it up. You should
a. pour cold water on it
b. use tongs
c. pick up the end that looks cooler
d. use a rag or paper towels
A
use tongs
10
Q
Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond? covalent a. hydrogen b. ionic c. colvalent
A
Hydrogen bond
11
Q
The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of ________.
a. neutrons
b. protons
c. electrons
d. all sub particles
A
protons
12
Q
Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many belectron shells does it likely have?
a. 1
b. 5
c. 4
d. 6
e. 7
f. 2
g. 3
A
2
13
Q
When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes
a. all stated answers
b. non polar
c. an anion
d. an ion
A
ion
14
Q
Which of the following is not a property of ionic bonds?
a. gaining of electrons
b losing of electrons
c sharing of electrons
A
sharing electrons
15
Q
______________ bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another creating opposite charges which attract each other.
a. hydrophobic
b. hydrogen
c. covalent
d. ionic
A
ionic
16
Q
Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is FALSE?
a. They are the result of polar covalent bonds
b. They are an attraction between partially charged atoms
c. They are weaker than ionic bonds
d They can occur between atoms on different molecules
e. They mostly occur between carbon atoms.
A
they most occur between carbon atoms
17
Q
In an experiment, the \_\_\_\_ variable is the outcome or effect being measured and the \_\_\_\_ variable is the potential cause of that effect that is manipulated by the experimenter. a. Standardized; Independent b Independent; Dependent c Dependent; Standardized e Dependent; Independent
A
dependent; independent
18
Q
All the things in an experiment that must be the same to make it fair are called a. controlled variables or constants b controlled experiments c independent variables d dependent variables
A
controlled variables or constants
19
Q
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that:
a. uses experiments to obtain a solution
b. uses past data to draw up new data
c. uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion
d. uses a general principle or law to forecast specific results
A
uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion
20
Q
A hypothesis should be falsifiable means:
a an experiment can be set up to disprove it
b it does not need any experiments to prove it
c a hypothesis is false
d an experiment cannot be set up to disprove it
A
an experiment can be set up to disprove it
21
Q
A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of water affects the number of plants that can live in the water. In this experiment the independent variable is:
a. the temperature of the water
b. the amount of salt in the water
c. the number of plants in the water
d. the water
A
the amount of salt in the water
22
Q
An example of a monosaccharide is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ a. lactose b. maltose c galactose d sucrose
A
galactose
23
Q
Cellulose and starch are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a Disaccharides b polysaccharides c monosaccharides d lipids
A
polysacaride
24
Q
A trans fat is:
a. a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond
b. a form of a saturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond
A
a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond
25
```
A fat molecule, such as a triglyceride, consists of two main components—............and ................
a lipids and proteins
b fatty acids and alcohol
c fatty acids and lipids
d glycerol and fatty acids
```
glycerol and fatty acids
26
```
C6 H12 O6 is the chemical formula for a ________.
a polymer of carbohydrate
b hexose monosaccharide
c pentose monosaccharide
d all stated answers
```
hexose monosaccharides
27
```
What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel?
a glycogen
b glycerol
c galactose
d glucose
```
glucose
28
```
Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins?
a phosphate
b ribose
c adenine
d amino
```
amino
29
```
A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule?
a nucleic acids
b phosphorylated glucose
c glycogen
d polysaccharides
```
nucleic acids
30
A phospholipid ________.
a can donate both cations and anions to a solution
b is a building block of DNA
c is made of a triglyceride bonded to a phosphate group
d has both polar and nonpolar regions
has both polar and nonpolar regions
31
```
In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as a(n) ________.
a double helix
b pleated sheet
c alpha helix
d beta chain
```
double helix
32
```
Uracil............
a is found in RNA
b contains nitrogen
c contains nitrogen, is a pyrimidine, is found in RNA
d is a pyrimidine
```
contains nitrogen, is a pyrimidine, is found in RNA
33
Hydrolysis could be correctly described as the
a heating of a compound to drive off its excess water and concentrate its volume
b linking of two or more molecules by the removal of
c breaking of a long-chain compound into its subunits by adding water molecules to its structure between the subunits
d constant removal of hydrogen atoms from the surface of a carbohydrate
breaking of a long-chain compound into its subunits by adding water molecules to its structure between the subunits
34
```
Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
a ribosomes
b nucleus
c mitochondrion
d vacuole
```
ribosomes
35
```
A dehydration reaction typically produces:
a polymers
b salts
c monomers
d amino acids
e sugars
```
polymers
36
```
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio are called:
a nucleotides
b protein
c lipids
d fatty acids
e nucleic acids
f sugars
```
sugars
37
```
Nucleotides contain ___________ sugars.
a three carbon
b six carbon
c five carbon
d four carbon
```
five carbons
38
DNA and RNA are examples of which family of biological molecules?
a. carbohydrates
b. proteins
c. nucleic acids
d. amino acids
e. lipids
nucleic acids
39
Name the simplest amino acid
a. Asparagine
b. Glycine
c. Tyrosine
d. Alanine
Glycine
40
```
Which of the following macromolecules would likely contain sulfur?
a. amino acids
b carbohydrates
c nucleic acids
d proteins
```
proteins
41
What are the monomers of glycogen?
a. Amino acids
b. Nucleotides
c. Fatty acids
d. Monosacharides
Monosacharides
42
What are the monomers of globulins?
a. amino acids
b. fatty acids
c. nucleotides
d. carbonic acid
amino acids
43
Which of these only has unbranched chains?
a. starch
b. glycogen
c cellulose
cellulose
44
hich is not a true polymer?
a. carbohydrates
b. nucleic acids
c. lipids
d. proteins
lipids
45
Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure?
- protein
- carbohydrate
- cholestrol
- phospholipid
protein
46
Water moves via osmosis _________.
- -from an area with a low concentration of solutes to an area with a higher one
- - throughout the cytoplasm
- - following no physical/biological laws
- - from an area with a high concentration of solutes to an area with a lower one
from an area with a low concentration of solutes to an area with a higher one
47
Active transport must function continuously because __________.
- - cells must be in constant motion
- - diffusion is constantly moving the solutes in the other direction
- - plasma membranes wear out
- - facilitated transport opposes active transport
diffusion is constantly moving the solutes in the other direction
48
Which of the following transport systems require energy?
- osmosis
- filtration
- facilitated diffusion
- diffusion
- exocytosis
exocytosis
49
At what temperature is diffusion (=Brownian motion) fully stopped?
a. 100 degrees Fahrenheit
b. 0 degrees Kelvin
c. -100 degrees Kelvin
d. 0 degrees Farenheit
e. 0 degrees celsius
0 degrees Kelvin
50
What is the major difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
- FD requires a specific carrier
- FD does not require energy
- FD only operates into a cell
- D does not require energy
- FD operates across a cell membrane
FD requires a specific carrier
51
What is the major difference between diffusion and osmosis?
- Osmosis transports solute while diffusion transports water
Correct!
- Osmosis transports water while diffusion transports solute
Osmosis transports water while diffusion transports solute
52
What is a hypotonic solution?
a. An external solution with a higher concentration of solute than inside a cell
b. An external solution with the same concentration of solute as inside the cell
c. An external solution with a lower concentration of solute than inside a cell
an external solution with a lower concentration of solute than inside a cell
53
Consider the transport of protons and sucrose into a plant cell by the sucrose-proton cotransport protein. Plant cells continuously produce a proton gradient by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump protons out of the cell. Why, in the absence of sucrose, don't protons move back into the cell through the sucrose-proton cotransport protein?
a. The movement of protons through the cotransport protein cannot occur unless sucrose also moves at the same time.
b. Protons are freely permeable through the phospholipid bilayer, so no transport protein is needed for protons.
c. In the absence of sucrose, the ATP-powered proton pump does not function, so there is no proton gradient.
d. Protons, unlike other substances, do not diffuse down their concentration gradient.
The movement of protons through the cotransport protein cannot occur unless sucrose also moves at the same time.
54
A cell has a membrane potential of -100 mV (more negative inside than outside) and has 1,000 times more calcium ions outside the cell than inside. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which Ca2+ enters the cell?
a. movement of Ca2+ into the cell through an ion channel down its concentration gradient
b. facilitated diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient
c. cotransport of Ca2+ into the cell with Cl- ions
d. movement of Ca2+ into the cell through a carrier protein down its electrical gradient
cotransport of Ca2+ into the cell with Cl- ions
55
Glucose is a six-carbon sugar that diffuses slowly through membranes. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move glucose from the gut into their cytoplasm. This occurs whether the gut concentrations of glucose are higher or lower than the glucose concentrations in intestinal cell cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most likely responsible for the glucose transport in intestinal cells?
a. exocytosis
b. simple diffusion
c. active transport
d. phagocytosis
e. facilitated diffusion
active transport
56
If a red blood cell and a plant cell were placed in seawater, what would happen to the two types of cells?
a. Both cells would lose water; the red blood cell would shrivel, and the plant plasma membrane would pull away from the cell wall.
b. Seawater is isotonic to both cells. There will be no change in water content of the cells.
c. Both cells would gain water by osmosis; the red blood cell would burst, and the plant cell would increase in turgor pressure.
d. The red blood cell would burst, and the plant cell would shrink.
e. The red blood cell would shrink, and the plant cell would gain water.
Both cells would lose water; the red blood cell would shrivel, and the plant plasma membrane would pull away from the cell wall.
57
Which of the following would be least likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein?
a. a large nonpolar molecule
b. dissolved gases such as oxygen or carbon dioxide
c. a large polar molecule
d. a small nonpolar molecule
a large polar moleuce
58
A cell is placed into a solution and the cell shrinks. Which of the following is true regarding the solution?
a. hypertonic solution
b. hypotonic solution
c. isotonic solution
hypertonic solution
59
A selectively permeable membrane:
a. allows all substances to enter and leave
b. prevents all substances from entering or leaving
c. allows certain size substances to enter and leave
d. allows only waste materials to leave
allows certain size substances to enter and leave
60
When substances move in and out of cells using only their own kinetic energy this is called:
- activation energy
- active transport
- passive transport
- selective transport
passive transportation
61
When placed in a hypotonic solution, plant cells:
- will swell and burst
- will increase in turgor pressure
- will shrink and burst
- will cause the plant to wilt
will increase in turgor pressure
62
Because the human body is 60% water, an important process which helps humans and all living things maintain a “normal” internal cellular environment even when external surroundings are constantly changing is:
- active transport
- osmosis
- carrier transport
- diffusion
osmosis
63
The difference in the concentration of a substance across a space is called:
- kinetic energy gradient
- solvent gradient
- concentration gradient
- dynamic equilibrium
concentration gradient
64
Molecular movement continues even when there is no overall change in concentration. This is referred to as:
- concentration gradient
- passive transport
- dynamic equilibrium
- active transport
dynamic equilibrium
65
A piece of double stranded DNA has 30% A, what will be the % of G?
a. 30%
b. 20%
c. 70%
d. not enough information to answer
e. 40%
f. 50%
20%
66
Which of the following bases pairs with guanine?
a. Adenine
b. Cytosine
c. Uracil
d. Guanine
f. Thymine
Cytosine
67
Which of the following statements about double-stranded DNA is false?
a. The backbone contains alternating ribose sugar and phosphate groups
b. The two strands have an antiparallel orientation.
c. The bases are on the outside of the helix
d. The helix has two grooves called the major groove and the minor groove
The bases are on the outside of the helix
68
Genes are _____.
- sequences of DNA nucleotides
- highly folded protein units
- a single amino acid
- sequences of RNA nucleotides
sequences of DNA nucleotides
69
In eukaryotes, DNA wraps around histones and assembles into units called.........., which are then tightly packed together as chromatin.
- condensosomes
- balls
- packosomes
- nucleosomes
nucleosomes
70
Nitrogenous bases, such as adenine and thymine, that pair together by forming hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are said to be _____
- rudimentary
- elementary
- sedimentary
- complementary
complementary
71
Erwin Chargaff discovered there are not equal amounts of all four nitrogenous bases in an organism. However, the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine, and likewise, the amount of guanine equals cytosine in any organism. This became known as part of __________.
- Natural Selection
- the chromosomal theory of inheritance
- Koch's postulates
- Chargaff's rules
Chargaff rules
72
What is the name of the DNA replication process that produces two identical DNA molecules, each consisting of one parent strand and one daughter strand?
- Parent-daughter DNA replication
- Dispersive DNA replication
- Semiconservative DNA replication
- conservative DNA replication
Semiconservative DNA replication
73
Watson and Crick are famous for discovering _____.
- radioactive isotopes
- the life cycle of a phage
- the chemical components of DNA
- the structure of DNA
the structure of DNA
74
The two pyrimidines in DNA are _____. The two purines are _____.
- cytosine & thymine, guanine & adenine
- guanine & cytosine, adenine & thymine
- guanine &adenine, thymine & cytosine
- thymine & guanine, adenine & cytosine
guanine &adenine, thymine & cytosine
75
Which of the following would you NOT find in a prokaryotic cell like a bacterium?
- Organelles
- DNA
- proteins
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
Organelles
76
You find an organism that is multi-cellular, capable of photosynthesis, and has cell walls made of cellulose. This organism is likely...
- a bacterium
- a fungus
- an animal
- a protist
- a plant
a plant
77
Which of the following would you not expect to find in a eukaryotic cell?
- a nucleus
- a plasma membrane
- organelles
- A peptidoglycan cell wall
a peptidoglycan cell wan
78
Which of the following would you not expect to find in a plasma membrane?
- glycoproteins
- glycolipids
- DNA
- proteins
- phospholipids
DNA
79
Hydrophobic molecules pass through phospholipid membranes by...
- Diffusion directly through the bilayer
- Carrier-mediated diffusion
- Active transport
- Passive transport proteins
diffuse directly through the bilayer
80
How does a hydrophilic molecule like glucose enter a cell that already has a higher concentration of glucose than its surroundings?
- Active transport proteins can use energy to pump glucose into the cell
- Glucose can diffuse across the cell membrane, but only into the cell, not out of it
- It is not possible for glucose to enter a cell that has a higher concentration of glucose than its surroundings
- Passive transport proteins allow glucose to diffuse into the cell down its concentration gradient
active transport proteins can use energy to pump glucose into the cell
81
How does a hydrophilic molecule like glucose enter a cell that has a lower concentration of glucose than its surroundings?
- It is not possible for glucose to enter a cell that has a lower concentration of glucose than its surroundings
- Passive transport proteins allow glucose to diffuse into the cell down its concentration gradient
- Glucose can diffuse across the cell membrane directly
- Active transport proteins can use energy to pump glucose into the cell
passive transport proteins allow glucose to diffuse into the cell down its concentration gradient
82
Active transport involves...
- Proteins
- Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
- Hydrophilic molecules
- Utilizing cellular energy
- All mentioned options in the answers
all the mentioned options in answer
83
Most of the energy production from cell respiration happens in this/these organelle(s) found in large quantities in cells like muscle cells.
- nucleus
- lysosome
- RER and Golgi apparatus
- mitochondria
mitochondria
84
The creation, modification, and shipping of proteins that are released from the cell happens in this/these organelle(s) found in large quantities in hormone and enzyme producing cells of the pancreas.
- nucleus
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and Golgi Apparatus
- mitochondria
- lysosome
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and Golgi Apparatus
85
Which of the following statements about tissues is FALSE?
- Organs are always built entirely out of one type of tissue
- Cells use proteins to connect to neighboring cells for communication, structure, and to form barriers
- Cells that are part of the same tissue share physical features and functions
- Cells use proteins to anchor themselves to molecules outside of the cell called the extracellular matrix
Organs are always built entirely out of one type of tissue
86
When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use _________ to distinguish the individual components of cells.
- a beam of electrons
- high temperatures
- radioactive isotopes
- special stains
special stains
87
Which of these do all prokaryotes and eukaryotes share?
- plasma membrane
- nuclear envelope
- cell wall
- organelles
plasma membrane
88
A typical prokaryotic cell __________________compared to a eukaryotic cell.
- is smaller in size by a factor of one million
- is smaller in size by a factor of 100
- is larger in size by a factor of 10
is smaller in size by a factor of 100
89
which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- nucleus
- ribosomes
- mitochondrion
- vacuole
ribosomes
90
Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?
- mitochondrion
- endoplasmic reticulum
- lysosome
- Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
91
Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure?
- cholestrol
- carbohydrate
- protein
- phospholipid
protein
92
Water moves via osmosis _________.
from an area with a low concentration of water to one of higher concentration
from an area with a high concentration of other solutes to a lower one
throughout the cytoplasm
from an area with a low concentration of solutes to an area with a higher one
from an area with a low concentration of solutes to an area with a higher one
