Quizzes review Flashcards
Appropriate emotions in a persuasive presentation are
based on good reasons
Inductive reasoning
uses particulars to develop a general point
A speaker or writer with strong ethos exhibits all of these except
concern for public happiness
practical wisdom
common values and public virtues
* self-interest
A persuader with a strong ethos will use
bilateral communication
“sayables”
persuasive statements that a particular audience might be able to accept
Hauser’s summary definition of rhetoric includes all of these except
it coordinates social action
it is occasional
* it is adversarial
it is practical
Stasis theory is used to
locate the central issues in a rhetorical situation
In rhetorical theory the term “invention” means the process of
determining what is appropriate and effective to say
responsible rhetoric in persuasion unites
thoughts and feelings
An enthymeme presents
an overview of the reasoning of the argument
Rhetorical thinking takes the form of
discussion
In ancient Greek rhetorical theory, persuasion may take a number of forms. It may take the form of all of these except
what Aristotle called “dialectic”
what Aristotle called “rhetoric”
narrative
* diagnostic
Persuasion is most often used to address matters that are
uncertain but requiring decision
The kind of communication we call rhetoric, or persuasion, is primarily concerned with
influencing the attitudes and actions of others
Ultimately, persuasion is concerned primarily with influencing the _____________ of others.
actions
Given all this, the key principle in effective persuasive writing is that it is _____________-centered–that it addresses most carefully the needs of the
audience
Ultimately, rhetorical thinking–and, thus, persuasion–is, according to Hauser, based on _____________ opinions and aims to persuade by building arguments that show the likelihood of a conclusion.
shared
Rhetorical theory seems primarily concerned with matters that we might call
political
Hauser notes that the essential elements of effective persuasion, according to Aristotle, include all of these except
pathos
logos
*dogma
ethos
Hauser notes that rhetorical thinking is, “finally, holistic, and necessarily _____________ because it . . . . necessarily involves interests, values, beliefs, and feelings, as well as more objective and dispassionate reasoning . . .
partisan
Bilateral rhetorical interaction persuasion is not characterized by
openness to change
mutual respect
willingness to be wrong
* a hidden agenda
Rhetorical situations are
products of people’s shared perceptions
When Hauser describes public discussion as agonistic, he means that it is
oppositional
In a sincere attempt to persuade, a persuader risks
changing personal attitude or belief
One element of rhetorical competence listed is contingent thinking.That requires an ability, specifically, to:
consider all ideas open to amendment
For a situation to be rhetorical, it must be
addressable in language
Rhetorical competence, as described in Hauser, does not include
- a commitment to dominate
open-mindedness
critical listening
active attempts to communicate bilaterally
Hauser notes that rhetorical interaction helps define the self in all these ways except
- it determines the identities of winners and losers in asituation
it challenges your commitments by presenting you with the commitments of others
it provides opportunities for change that allow the self to progress
it prompts you to test your assumptions against those of others
_____________ is not a component of a rhetorical situation as described by Hauser.
*ethics
audience
exigence
constraints
Rhetorical judgment is, according to Hauser, _____________ judgment.
public
According to Burke–and Hauser–the primary rhetorical function of symbolic acts is, specifically,
to produce identification
Toulmin’s model of argument responds to Aristotle’s with this specific critique: Aristotle’s model is.
highly formal, and most people argue more informally
When Hauser describes structures working on the minds of audiences by prompting expectations and anticipations, he is drawing on this very specific cognitive principle in human psychology: the principle that
structures invite in audiences a particular expectation of patterned development
Aristotle’s syllogistic argument is a detailed expression of
deductive structure
Hauser’s discussion of language as action in chapter 11 opposes action with.
motion
When, in chapter 13, Hauser describes rhetoric as a mode of strategic action, he means, specifically, that it
addresses people in a particular situation in order to achieve a particular goal
The most common application of the principle of anticipation in persuasive writing is evident in the central importance of
a precise introductory statement
When Hauser describes rhetoric as “artful,” he is referring to
the rightness of its structure to prompt an audience response
Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca offer a model for argument that
also attempts to describe how people actually argue–more informally
In chapter 11, Hauser summarizes what is perhaps the most complete definition of rhetoric as developed by Kenneth Burke. By this definition, rhetoric is
a symbolic means of inducing cooperation
According to the text, a good research problem is, finally:
a problem that others can take seriously and care about.
According to the text, you can avoid feeling overwhelmed by a research project if you do all of these except
recognize that the process involves many uncertainties–that this is normal
* delay writing until the last possible moment
actually write about your topic at every step of the process
organize the project into a set of manageable steps
The authors of this text describe the elements of a research problem(62–63). Which is not one of them?
stating what is not known or understood
* stating the answer or solution
stating the consequences of not knowing or not understanding for reader
not knowing or not understanding something
According to the text, we write up the research we do to answer our questions and solve our problems for all of these reasons except to
remember
gain perspective
understand
* memorize
In writing a research paper, the list of things you might ask of your readers does not include
- liking you
changing beliefs
performing an action
accepting new knowledge
In the prologue to their book, the authors of “The Craft of Research” emphasize the importance of planning the research project. Their primary emphasis in this discussion is on the importance of a plan to
guide a process that creates a specific kind of document
We turn our research into a formal paper that follows set conventions, according to the text, in order to
meet the needs and expectations of readers
The text emphasizes that addressing your reader effectively in a research paper requires an understanding of the _____________ created by this rhetorical situation.
social roles of reader and writer
A good way NOT to transform your topic into a research question is
to identify its categories and characteristics
* to keep your thinking general
to consider its history and changes
to identify its parts and wholes
