Quizzes Midterm Flashcards
this is the process biomass fuel goes through to obtain fuel gas which can either be burned in a boiler or used for generating mechanical power using a diesel engine
Gasification
Among the wastes from coconut, this is the most widely utilized but the reported utilization rate is very low
Coconut Shell
This act mandates that all liquid fuels for motors and engines sold in the Philippines shall contain locally-sourced biofuel components
Biofuel Act of 2006
Total area devoted to agricultural crops in the Philippines
13.42 million hectares
It is the main energy application application of maize and is widely practiced by small farmers to supplement fuelwood for cooking
Maize Cob Burning
It is the most common form of waste, accounting for almost 50% of global municipal solid waste
Food
It is a slow pyrolysis process in which biomass is converted into a highly carbonaceous, charcoal-like material.
Carbonization
In the Philippines, wastes are generated generally by the sectors of ______, _____, and ________
agriculture
urban
agro-industrial
The estimated production of rice hull in the Philippines is more than 2 million tons per annum which is equivalent to approximately _______ BOE (barrels of oil equivalent) in terms of energy
5 million
It is a kind of gas that is produced during the anaerobic processing of organic matter such as manure, plant matter, or even municipal waste materials
Biogas
what are the common agricultural wastes in the Philippines?
Rice Husk
Rice Straw
Coconut Husk
Coconut Shell
Bagasse
Existing Bio-energy conversion technologies being applied in the Philippines
1.Direct Combustion
2.Biomass Carbonization and densification
3. Gasification
4. Biogas
What is agricultural wastes?
are wastes produced from agricultural operation including fruit residues, veg residues, meat and poultry residues and dairy residues. It can be in the form of: solid, liquid, and slurries
importance of good waste management
-it can contribute in a significant way to farm operations
- helps maintain a healthy environment for farm animals
-can reduce the need for commercial fertilizers while providing other nutrients needed for crop production
This pollutant is formed when microbes decomposed undigested organic nitrogen compounds in manure
Ammonia
Animals eating or drinking _______ sometimes get high blood pressure, liver disease and nerve or brain damage
Cadmium
Although this disease is associated mostly with low blood magnesium, conditions that increase the potential for its occurrence include low calcium, high uptake of nitrogen and potassium, and stress on the animal
Grass tetany
Regulates, restricts or prohibits the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or environment
R.A. 6969 or Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
All organic matter contains ______ in combination with one or more other elements
Carbon
Father of organic agriculture in the Philippines
Proceso J. Alcala
Mandates Local Government Units to divert at least 25% of their solid waste into recycling and composting, and away from disposal sites
R.A. 9003 or Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
This disease is associated with mature cattle grazing tall fescue that has been heavily fertilized for a number of years with poultry litter
Fat Necrosis
These organisms function in both aerobic or anaerobic environments
Facultative organism
Promotes, propagates, develops further, and implements the practice of organic agriculture that will cumulatively condition and enrich the fertility of the soil and increase farm productivity
R.A. 10068 or Organic agriculture act of 2010
It is released into the atmosphere from the anaerobic decomposition of animal manure
Methane
This pollutant can cause tissue damage to cornea (calves exposed to 20ppm for 1 week) and has the odor of rotten eggs
Hydrogen Sulfide
Cows that have this condition are unable to lactate after giving birth
Agalactia
this represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
This is the amount of oxygen available to living aquatic organisms
Dissolved Oxygen
As water temperature _______, dissolved oxygen decreases
increases
As dissolved oxygen level ________, BOD level increases
decreases
Most widely used test to establish concentration of organic matter in wastewater sample
Biochemical/Biological Oxygen Demand
It is the amount of oxygen required to decompose all of the organic material after infinite time
Ultimate BOD
This is the portion of total solids that remains after heating to a certain temperature and time
Fixed Solids
In this test, organic carbon converted to carbon dioxide and typically measured with an infrared analyzer
Total Organic Carbon
includes manure plus other material, such as bedding, soil, wasted feed, and water that is wasted or used for sanitary and flushing purposes
Waste
If you oven dry a sample, the substance that remains after the process is called ______
Total Solids
exerted by heterotrophic organisms that derive their energy for oxidation from an organic carbon substrate
Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen demand
It is the most popular alternative test to BOD for establishing the concentration of organic matter in wastewater samples
Chemical Oxygen Demand
These values are important since they are often related to the turbidity of water
Total Suspended Solid
It is a factor that indicates the rate of biodegradation of wastes
BOD Reaction rate constant
Waste that has a moisture content of 75% or less
Solid waste
Common laboratory tests used to determine the gross amount of organic matter in wastewater
- Dissolved Oxygen DO
- Biochemical/Biological Oxygen Demand BOD
- Chemical Oxygen Demand COD
- Total organic carbon TOC
the concentration of dissolved oxygen in a water sample is significantly influenced by:
- temperature
- salinity
- atmospheric pressure
It is the ability to absorb, accumulate, and detoxify toxic elements from the soil
Phytoremediation
Plants are not very efficient at absorbing nutrients from the soil, typically utilizing less than _____ of available resources
50%
Some soil organisms release substances that inhibit plant growth
TRUE
Toxic element that disrupts water and ion balance, impair photosynthesis and induce leaf burn
Chlorine
This refers to the process where ions in the soil solution are exchanged with ions attached to soil particles or organic matter
Cation exchange
Decomposition rate ______ as temperature increases
increases
Soil is negatively charged that’s why it will attract and hold positively charged chemicals and viruses
TRUE
It is suitable for filtration due to its balanced composition of sand, silt, and clay particles, which allows for adequate permeability, good drainage, and effective filtration
Sandy Loam
It is the biological process of sequential reduction of nitrogen oxides in the form of nitrate and nitrate to oxygen nitrogen containing gases like nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, and finally forming dinitrogen
Denitrification
This practice is being done by farmers to break pest and disease cycles and minimize the buildup of toxic elements in the soil
Crop rotation
it depletes organic matter, impacting nutrient retention and reducing crop growth
Cultivation
refers to the capture, storage, treatment, and utilization of animal manures in an environmentally sustainable manner
Manure management
A plant uses all the nutrients available in the root zone
FALSE
a metabolic process by which microorganisms like bacteria, fungus, archaea, and protists receive energy and nutrients to sustain life and perform their varied tasks
Microbial metabolism
an example of nutrient transformation where microbial degradation and eventual escape of nitrogen gas occurs
Denitrification
these types of plants are more efficient in nutrient uptake than row crops
perennial plants
