Quizzes Flashcards
What is the pathological cause related to protein being added to the urine as it passes through the lower urinary tract?
Postrenal
Two precautions that will ensure a proper interpretation when performing chemical examination on a urine specimen
Proper timing
Proper storage
What is the best indicator of renal disease?
Protein
Name the three ketones that represent an intermediate product of fat metabolism
Acetone
Acetoacetic acid
Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
What is the purpose of the clinitest?
To detect other sugars in the urine especially with children under the age of 2 to detect inborn metabolic disorders
What confirmatory test is used for ketones?
Acetest
What confirmatory test is used for bilirubin?
Ictotest
What confirmatory test is used with protein?
SSA test
What chemical on the dipstick uses 2 separate charts using peroxidase activity?
Blood
What chemical on the dipstick uses the Ehrlich’s Aldehyde reaction?
Urobilinogen
What chemical on the dipstick has a double sequential enzyme reaction with oxidase and peroxidase?
Glucose
What chemical on the dipstick utilizes a double indicator system?
pH
What is Pyuria
Increase of WBCs in the urine
What is the chemical that is measured based on a change in pKa of polyelectrolytes in solution?
Specific Gravity
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Reabsorption Definition
Absorbing substances from tubular filtrate into blood stream
What component makes up nearly half of the solutes dissolved in urine?
Urea
Oliguria
Decrease in urine output
What is one difference of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus has high specific gravity so its falsely dilute urine whereas diabetes insipidus has truly dilute urine
An increase in ADH results in what happening to the amount of water being released into urine?
Decrease
What urine type is most commonly used?
Random
What is the name of the main pigment in urine?
Urochrome
What are 4 changes that occur in unpreserved urine?
Increase in pH
Decrease in glucose
Decrease in bilirubin
Changes in color
Hematuria
Intact RBCs in the urine giving the urine a red, cloudy appearance
The odor of fresh normal urine is…
aromatic
What stain is used to identify white blood cells, epithelial cells, and casts?
Kova stain
Ghost Cell
Lysed RBC with only cell membrane left due to loss of hemoglobin
Glitter Cell
Swelled neutrophils due to a hypotonic urine state inducing “brownian movement” of granules
Birefringent
Property to refract light in two directions
What type of epithelial cell is from the linings of the vagina and female urethra and the lower portion of the male urethra?
Squamous
Small, oval, refractile cells with budding and are not lysed by acetic acid would be…
Yeast
What is the major protein associated with cast formation?
Tamm-Horsfall
Most frequently seen cast which are colorless and easy to miss under the microscope are..
Hyaline Casts
What is the pH most commonly associated with abnormal crystal formation?
Acid
Name 2 artifacts that may interfere with microscopic identification of urine elements
Air bubbles and fecal material
