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Oral Pathology > quizzes > Flashcards

quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

____ is a broad term for abnormal tissues in the oral cavity including wounds, sores and any other tissues caused by injury or disease

A

lesions

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2
Q

a ___ diagnosis is based on the appearance of the lesion, including the color, size, shape, and location

A

clinical

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3
Q

____ are excellent in providing information not seen clinically i.e periodical pathology

A

radiographic images

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4
Q

microscopic diagnosis involved observation of removed tissue under a microscope and provides ….

A

differential diagnosis

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5
Q

a final diagnosis is considered being…

A

definitive

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6
Q

a ____ removes a sample of tissue to be examined microscopically by a pathologist

A

biopsy

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7
Q

surgical removal of only a sample of the lesion for microscopic examination is a/an

A

incisional biopsy

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8
Q

a ___ biopsy is a convenient method for performing incisional biopsies

A

punch

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9
Q

the easiest, most tolerated form of biopsy is…

A

oral brush

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10
Q

early detection of precancerous and cancerous oral mucosal lesions in an indication for

A

excisional biopsy

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11
Q

Only a ____ or _____ may diagnose pathologic (disease) conditions,

A

dentist or physician

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12
Q

Examples of conditions diagnosed on the basis of clinical appearance are

A

Fissured tongue
Maxillary and mandibular tori
Median rhomboid glossitis

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13
Q

Radiographic images are excellent in providing information about

A

Periapical pathology
Internal resorption
Impacted teeth

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14
Q

how is the patients chief complaint recorded

A

in their own words

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15
Q

Purpose of inflammation is to

A

destroy the irritating agent and remove it and its by-products from the body

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16
Q

Inflammation is the mechanism for

A

repair or replacement of tissues damaged by causative agents

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17
Q

acute inflammation is associated with

A

pain

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18
Q

chronic inflammation is associated a

A

slow, ongoing process associated w/o pain

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19
Q

signs of Inflammation

A

redness, heat, pain, edema(swelling)

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20
Q

During the repair process, destroyed cells and tissues are replaced with

A

live cells and new tissue

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21
Q

Lesions that extend below the mucosal surface

A

Ulver, erosion abscess, cyst

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22
Q

lesions that extend above the mucosal surface

A

blisters/vesicles, pustule, hematoma, plaque

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23
Q

lesions that are even with the mucosal surface

A

ecchymosis( bruising ), petechiae

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24
Q

raised or flat lesions

A

granuloma, nodules, tumors/neoplasms

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25
Q

a vesicle is ….

A

a fluid filled lesion extending above the mucosal surface

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26
Q

Oral mucosal lesions can appear white because of

A

Thickening of the epithelium (acanthosis)
Production of excess keratin (hyperkeratosis)
Accumulation of surface organisms or debris (pseudomembranes)

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27
Q

a white adherent lesion of the mucosal surface which will not rub off is

A

leukoplakia

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28
Q

leukoedema

A

an accumulation of fluid within individual epithelial cells occurring on the buccal mucosa

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29
Q

fordyces granules

A

a developmental variation caused by an accumulation of sebaceous glands

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30
Q

candidiasis

A

an infection of the oral mucosa caused by fungus that won’t rub off

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31
Q

lichen planus

A

adherent interlacing, white striations known as whickhams striae

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32
Q

the microorganism most responsible for leukoplakia is

A

epstein-barr virus

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33
Q

nicotinic stomatitis

A

diffuse, white thickening in the palatal mucosa with elevated papule each with a red central depression

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34
Q

Frictional Keratosis

A

Chronic irritation of low intensity stimulates thickening of the epithelium with production of excess keratin (hyperkeratosis)

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35
Q

Smoking Related Leukoplakia

A

Chronic exposure to the chemical carcinogens generated by burning tobacco

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36
Q

Actinic Cheilitis

A

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight

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37
Q

oral lesions of the mucosa can appear red b.c

A

epithelium is thinner than normal

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38
Q

angular chelitis

A

is an infection of the mucosa at the corners of the mouth that is red, and caused by loss of vertical dimensions

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39
Q

circumscribed erythematous patches encircled with elevated hyperkeratotic(white) margins is a clinical sign of

A

actinic chelitis

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40
Q

an apthous ulcer is also known as a

A

canker sore

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41
Q

apthous ulcers occur on

A

non-keratinized, movable mucosa

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42
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Chronic exposure to carcinogenic components of tobacco smoke

Chronic alcohol exposure

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43
Q

Recurrent herpes is synonymous with

A

cold sore and fever blister

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44
Q

lesions of recurrent herpes occur on

A

keratinized, fixed mucosa

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45
Q

syphilis is a std caused by

A

treponema pallidum

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46
Q

hutchinson incisors and mulberry molars are associated with

A

maternal syphilis

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47
Q

syphilis is also known as

A

chancer

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48
Q

oral lesions occurring secondarily to a chronic pulmonary(lung) infection

A

tuberculosis

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49
Q

an oral lesion characterized by crater form ulcerations of the interdental papillae is

A

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, trench mouth, Vincent infection

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50
Q

____ lives dormant in the _____ to produce vesicular lesions on the perioral skin or oral mucosa

A

herpes virus; trigeminal ganglion

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51
Q

Atrophic Glossitis

A

In absence of B12 or iron, papillae on dorsal of tongue fail to mature
Chronic dry mouth
Dietary deficiency
Poor absorption of nutritional components

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52
Q

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

A

Now considered a clinical manifestation of chronic erythematous candidiasis

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53
Q

Aphthous Ulcers

A

Immunologic defect in which immune mechanisms damage oral mucosa
Physical and emotional stress

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54
Q

Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

A

Acute infection with herpes simplex virus (Type 1 Herpes)
Individual with no previous exposure
Virus spread by direct contact with contaminated saliva

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55
Q

Recurrent Herpes

A

Virus leaves trigeminal ganglion and travels down a branch of the trigeminal nerve to produce recurrent lesions on perioral skin or oral mucosa

56
Q

Herpes Zoster aka shingles

A

Recurrent infection caused by Varicella Zoster Virus

Initial infection in an individual with no previous exposure is called varicella zoster (chickenpox)

57
Q

Periodontal disease

A
  • can cause a breakdown of the periodontium, resulting in loss of tissue attachment and destruction of the alveolar bone.
  • involve the structures of the periodontium.
  • is an infectious disease process that involves inflammation.
58
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease

A
  • Gingiva that bleeds during tooth brushing or flossing
  • Red, soft, swollen and tender gingiva
  • Pus between teeth and gums (gingiva)
  • Loose or separating teeth
  • Receding gums
  • Change in the fit of partials/shifting teeth
  • Pain or pressure when chewing
  • Persistent bad breath
59
Q

Prevalence of Periodontal Disease

A

Periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.
Almost 75% of American adults have some form of periodontal disease, and most are unaware of the condition.

60
Q

Chronic inflammatory periodontal disease may significantly affect

A

health conditions such as coronary heart disease, stroke, or preterm birth.

61
Q

Certain systemic conditions increase

A
  • the patient’s susceptibility to periodontal disease

- a patient’s susceptibility to certain systemic conditions

62
Q

Periodontal Disease and Systemic Health can cause

A
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Preterm low birth weight
  • Respiratory disease
63
Q

Generalized Gingival Enlargement

A 
May be hereditary 
Hormonal imbalances
Puberty
Pregnancy
Drug therapy 
Dilantin
64
Q

Periodontitis aka Pyorrhea

A

An inflammatory and destructive disease involving the soft tissue and bone support of the teeth.
Localized: less than 30% of mouth affected
Generalized: more than 30%

65
Q

seven basic case types of periodontal disease.

A

Chronic Periodontitis

  • Sight or Early Periodontitis
  • Moderate Periodontitis
  • Severe or Advanced Periodontitis
66
Q

seven basic case types of periodontal disease.

A

II. Aggressive Periodontitis

  1. Prepubertal Periodontitis
  2. Juvenile Periodontitis
67
Q

seven basic case types of periodontal disease.

A

Necrotizing Periodontal Disease

  1. Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)
  2. Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis (NUP)
68
Q

Juvenile Periodontitis

A
  • A chronic degenerative disease
  • Characterized by the bone loss, migration and loosening of teeth in the absence of inflammation
  • This is followed by destruction of the periodontium and loss of teeth
69
Q

Two types of juvenile periodontitis

A
  • Localized or classic
  • -Involves only the First Permanent Molars and Incisors
  • Generalized
  • -Involves most of the other teeth
70
Q

Periodontal Pocket

A
  • A pathologically deepened gingival sulcus
  • One of the most important clinical features of periodontal disease
  • Pocket formation starts as an inflammatory change in the connective tissue wall within the gingival sulcus
  • Caused by microorganisms and their products
71
Q

Periodontal Abscess

A
  • May form in a periodontal pocket; however, tooth vitality is not usually affected
  • Periodontal involvement can cause
  • -Toothache
  • -Mobility
  • -Eventual loss of teeth
72
Q

Bone Loss

A

Caused by chronic destructive periodontal disease

73
Q

Bone destruction is caused primarily by

A

local factors (plaque and calculus) that causes gingival inflammation and also by trauma from occlusion

74
Q

Pericoronitis

A
  • An inflammatory process occurring in the gingival flap of tissue found over a partially erupted tooth
  • Most frequent site is around 2nd and 3rd molars
75
Q

Pericoronitis

A

Flap makes ideal pocket for debris to accumulate and bacterial incubation to occur
Tissue may become traumatized by chewing
Results in pain, swelling and/or infection
Symptoms may include sore throat and difficulty swallowing

76
Q

Amalgam Tattoo

A
  • Oral mucosal would with amalgam particles

- Secondary to dental restorative treatment

77
Q

Black Hairy Tongue

A
  • Excessive keratin causes elongation of filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue
  • Keratin becomes pigmented by
  • -Bacteria
  • -Tobacco
  • -Beverages and food
  • May be infected with Candida albicans
78
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

Etiology

  • Malignancy of blood vessels
  • Cytomegalovirus a possible cause
  • Component of AIDS

Visual Cues:
-Bluish-purple macule, plaque or nodule

79
Q

Papillary Hyperplasia

A

Etiology:

  • Prolonged wearing of dentures
  • Candida albicans may be contributory

Visual cues:
-Produces red, pebbly appearance of the mucosa

80
Q

Epulis Fissuratum(Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia)

A

Over extension of the denture border

81
Q

Irritation Fibroma

A

Trauma i.e. accidental biting

82
Q

Inherited disorders

A

Different from developmental
Caused by an abnormal gene in the individual
Are transmitted from parent to child through egg or sperm

83
Q

Congenital disorders

A

Are present at birth
Can be either inherited or developmental
Exact cause is unknown

84
Q

Exostosis

A

A benign bony growth projecting outward from the surface of a bone
Intra-orally located on the buccal surface of bone

85
Q

Torus Palatinus

A

A bony overgrowth in the midline of the hard palate

86
Q

Torus Mandibularis

A

A bony overgrowth of bone on the lingual aspect of the mandible

87
Q

Cleft lip results when the

A

maxillary and medial nasal processes fail to fuse

88
Q

Cleft Palate results when the

A

palatal shelves fail to fuse

89
Q

A cleft uvula is the

A

mildest form of cleft palate

90
Q

A cleft palate , with or without cleft lip, occurs in

A

1 per 2500 live births

91
Q

Ankyloglossia aka tongue tied

A

Results in a short lingual frenum that extends to the apex of the tongue

92
Q

Bifid Tongue

A
  • Results from the lateral halves of the tongue not fusing during development
  • tongue splitting
93
Q

Anodontia

A

-A congenital absence of teeth
-May affect primary, permanent dentition or both
-Teeth most often involved are third molars, followed by
Maxillary lateral incisors
Second premolars

94
Q

Supernumerary Teeth

A

Any teeth in excess of the normal 32 permanent teeth

95
Q

Dens-in-dente

A

“Tooth within a tooth”

96
Q

Hutchinson’s Incisors

A

Variety of “peg-shaped” teeth
Associated with Maternal Syphilis
Also associated with mulberry molars

97
Q

Fusion

A

Joining together of dentin and enamel of two or more separately developing teeth

98
Q

Gemination

A

An attempt by the tooth bud to divide

When attempt is unsuccessful an incisal notch indicates it

99
Q

Impaction

A

designate any tooth that remains unerupted in the jaws beyond normal eruption time

100
Q

Ankylosis

A
  • are deciduous teeth in which the bone has fused to cementum and dentin
  • Deciduous molars are most often affected.
101
Q

Hypercementosis

A

Abnormally thickening of cementum

Can be local or general

102
Q

Avulsed Teeth

A

Teeth which have been knocked completely out of the alveolus

103
Q

Dental Caries

A

A disease initiated by microbial activity involving the hard portion of teeth

104
Q

Cavities

A

The open lesion in teeth resulting from the disintegration of enamel, dentin and cementum

105
Q

Decay

A

The destructive process of dental caries

106
Q

Streptococcus mutans

A

The main bacteria responsible for dental caries and tooth decay

107
Q

Incipient Caries

A

A decalcified area that has not progressed beyond this stage

108
Q

Arrested Caries

A

A carious lesion that does not show any marked tendency for further progression

109
Q

Recurrent Caries

A

Decay occurring beneath the margin of an existing dental restoration

110
Q

Dental Fluorosis

A

Results from: excess fluoride present during tooth development and in brown stains “pitting” or “mottled” enamel surfaces

111
Q

Amelogenesis impefecta

A

A hereditary abnormality characterized by defects in the formation of enamel.

112
Q

Hypocalcification

A

is the incomplete calcification or hardening of the enamel

113
Q

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • A hereditary condition that affects dentin formation.
  • Found in both primary and permanent dentition
  • Teeth have a opalescent almost amber color
114
Q

Attrition

A

Excessive wear of teeth due to either bruxism, chewing tobacco, gum or other oral habits

115
Q

two types of attrition

A 
Physiologic attrition (wear)- natural mastication
Pathologic attrition - abnormal function or position of teeth
116
Q

Abrasion

A

Pathologic wearing away of dental hard tissue substance by the friction of a foreign body independent of occlusion
-ex: tooth brush abrasion

117
Q

Erosion

A
  • A mostly superficial loss of dental hard tissue by a Chemical Process that does not involve bacteria
  • It’s usually located on the gingival third of the facial surface of teeth esp. maxillary incisors
  • May be idiopathic or may be caused by a known acid source
118
Q

Oral- facial Piercing

A

Piercing your tongue may lead to nerve damage and cause a speech impediment

119
Q

disadvantages of facial piercings

A
  • Barbell balls can cause gum and tooth damage
  • Tongue piercing can lead to infection of the tongue, neck and brain; even life threatening infections such as hepatitis and inflammation of the heart
  • Laberets/dumbells can damage teeth, gingiva and supporting bone, and may result in significant facial scarring
  • Piercings on the lip and face can lead to facial scarring
120
Q

Meth Mouth

A

Devastating effects of meth use occurs orally

Rampant caries mostly on buccal smooth surfaces and interproximal surfaces of anterior teeth

121
Q

Oral Cancer

A

One of the 10 most frequently occurring cancers in the world!
The vermillion border of the lip is the most common site in the U. S.
In early stages, most oral cancer is not painful
Frequently fatal if not detected early or left untreated

122
Q

A Carcinoma

A

A malignant neoplasm (growth) of the epithelium that tends to invade the surrounding bone and connective tissue
Neck and cervical lymph nodes
Occurs on lips, tongue, cheeks and floor of mouth
Usually appears first as white or ulcerated lesion

123
Q

An Adenocarcinoma

A

A malignant tumor that comes from the glands underlying the oral mucosa
Appears clinically as a lump or bulge beneath normal mucosa

124
Q

A Sarcoma

A

A malignant neoplasm that comes from supportive and connective tissue such as bone

125
Q

Osteosarcoma is a

A

malignant tumor of bone

126
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma etiology

A

Squamous epithelial origin

Risk factors :
Tobacco
Alcohol
Solar radiation
Genetic predisposition
Nutritional deficiency
Immunosuppression 
Infections
127
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma visual cues

A

-Deep-seated ulcerated mass
-Fungating ulcerated mass
Ulcer margins commonly elevated
Adjacent tissues commonly firm to palpation (indurated)
May be residual leukoplakia and/or erythroplakia
Continuous enlargement
More common in adult males
Local pain, referred pain (often to ear),
Paresthesia (often to lower lip)

128
Q

Oral Cancer Warning Signs

A

Any sore in the mouth that does not heal
Any lump or swelling on the neck, lips or oral cavity
White or rough-textured lesions on the lips or oral cavity
Numbness in or around the oral cavity
Dryness in the mouth for no apparent reason
Burning sensation or soreness in the oral cavity for no apparent reason
Repeated bleeding in a specific area of the oral cavity for no apparent reason
Difficulty speaking chewing or swallowing

129
Q

HIV and AIDS

A

AIDS is the end stage of the disease HIV

Oral lesions develop as a result of compromised immune system

130
Q

Oral manifestations of hiv/aids include

A

HIV gingivitis and periodontitis
Cervical Lymphadenophy
Candidiasis
Hairy Leukoplakia

131
Q

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

The joint on each side of the head that allows movement of the mandible
Provides speech and mastication

132
Q

TMJ Components

A

The Glenoid Fossa
The Articular Eminence
The Condyloid Process (Condyles)

133
Q

The Condyloid Process (Condyles)

A

Boney projection of the mandible which lies within the glenoid fossa

134
Q

The Articular Eminence

A

Raised portion of the temporal bone just anterior to the glenoid fossa

135
Q

The Glenoid Fossa

A

Lined by fibrous connective tissue
Oval depression in the temporal bone
Anterior to the external auditory meatus

136
Q

The TMJ performs by two types of movement.

A

Hinge Action and gliding movement

137
Q

Symptoms ofTMJ Disorders

A

A multitude of symptoms may present with TMD which includes but are not limited to:
Pain
Joint Sounds
Limitations in Movement

Oral Pathology (1 decks)

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