Quizzes Flashcards
What is the container that holds all other components that make up a live round of ammunition?
cartridge case
Pellet guns, BB guns, airsoft pistols, and paint guns are all firearms
false
Under what federal statute is a firearm defined
Title 18
nominal diameter of the bore in inches
caliber
effect that creates a reaction due to pressure and force within a firearm
bite, kick, recoil
land in a barrel creates a groove on a bullet
true
eliminations cannot occur during level 1 analysis
false
theory and foundation of tool mark analysis is based on
uniqueness
analysis should not be conducted if a tool mark is submitted without a tool
false
what firearm type may not exhibit rifling in the barrel
shotgun
class characteristics can identify an object to the exclusion of all others
false
anything used to gain mechanical advantage is known or considered to be
a tool
toolmarks are either impressions or striations and may be both
true
caliber of a bullet can be determined by the diameter of a bullet hole
false
bullets, fragments, shotshells and cartridge cases can all be entered into IBIS
true
shooting reconstruction utilizes the scientific method
true
nibin does not require examiner verification of high confidence candidate matches to determine a hit
false
cartwinpro is an external resource utilized by firearm and toolmark examiners to determine manufacturing information related to specific ammunition components
true
a shooting reconstruction always portrays an absolute interpretation of the events that occurred at the scene
false
nibin stands for the national integrated ballistics identification network
true
essential in your evaluation prior to scene reconstruction
recover, review, reconstruct
the goal of reconstruction is to
develop a most likely sequence of events
most reconstructions are done
after the fact with little or no visit to the scene
reconstruction is based on the application of
several disciplines to include all the above (firearms identification, ballistics, wound ballistics)
the angle of incidence of the impinging bullet/pellet to the surface
angle of impact
used by firearm examiners for identifying and comparing individual characteristics on bullets and cartridge cases
comparison macroscope
bullets fired at or near 90 degrees create what type of defects
circular
two types or surfaces that bullets come into contact with in shooting reconstruction
frangible and non frangible
reconstructions are based on which type of reasoning
inductive and deductive reasoning
method will assist in the determination of the angle of impact when there is only one bullet defect and it is oblong (bullet does not travel completely through the surface and there is not an exit hole)
width to length ratio
tempered glass fractures in what type of pattern
none of the above
types of incidents that would involve shooting reconstruction include all the following except
all of the above are types of shooting reconstruction incidents
two system advancements with ibis that utilize both 2d and 3d imagery to enhance an examiners visual capability
ibis brasstrax - 3D and ibis bullettrax-3D
ricochet crease is a 3-dimensional
defect with depth
all of the following may be present on cartridge cases and exhibit class or individual characteristics
lands and grooves
obliterated serial number can be visualized using
all of the above
permanent deformation or irreversible change due to force
plastic deformation
process of making a serial number undecipherable
obliteration
first step in serial number restoration
polishing
skin covering the surface of the hands and of the feet
friction ridge skin
print is one that has been deposited in a foreign substance such as blood, grease, paint
patent
fingerprints are _______ and therefore used as a basis for identification
permanent and unique
print that is imbedded into candle wax is a plastic print
true
acronym swgfast stands for scientific working group on fingerprint
false
four characteristics of galton detail are ending ridge, bifucation, dot, and island
true
friction ridge skin is only found in humans
false
latent print must contain at least 12 points of galton detail to make an identification
false
friction ridge skin allows you to hold and grasp objects with your hands and feet
true
the chinese culture is credited for being the first to utilize friction ridge impressions on earthenware
true
latent fingerprints must be chemically or physically enhanced to be visualized
true
every time you touch a surface you leave a latent print behind
false
the dermis and the epidermis are the two layers of skin that make up the structure of friction ridge skin
false
the purpose of serial numbers are quality control, establishing a unique identity, and deterrent against theft
true
diffuse reflection is the ability to view light reflecting off a smooth surface
false
fingerprint patterns be loops, whorls, or arches - true
true
Half moon formation
thenar region
thenar region exhibits
cross hatching
Ninhydrin
used to develop latent prints on paper; can also be a blood reagent
Mikro-sil used in
toolmark analysis, also to recover prints on textured surfaces
tri-radii are typically found in
the interdigital region
once an item has been ______ no other latent processing can be done
powdered
abnormality in the maturation of cells within a tissue
Dyspalisa
high heat, lots of cyanoacrylate, and short period of time
are ALL parts of microburst fuming process
RAM is a fluorescent dye, applied after cyanoacrylate fuming, is composed of RHodamine 6G, Ardrox, and MBD, optimum spectrum range for viewing RAM is 365 nm to 535 nm
all of the above
Triketohydrindene hydrate reacts to amino acids in perspiration
true
Most powders are suitable to use on wet and dry surfaces
false
The application of finely ground powder is recommended for use on non porous items
true
The thenar region of the palm has down and dout ridge flow
false
*Small particle reagent is used to develop prints on wet surfaces
false
he color of powder used should contrast with the color of the surface being powdered
true
Cyanoacrylate ester is commonly referred to as superglue
true
*Prints can be destroyed by underexposure in the cyanoacrylate fuming chamber
false
To avoid contamination and packing the powder, the brush should never be dipped directly into the powder container
true
Loop patterns account for approximately ___ of all fingerprint patterns
65%
Smaller, under-developed ridges are known as _______ or incipient ridges.
secondary
includes analysis of Galton characteristics.
Level 2
is the methodology used in latent print examination
ACE-V
is the study of friction ridge formation, in sequence, with sufficient detail to individualize
ridgeology
Galton characteristics include all of the following except
dermal papillae
Which Level of detail corresponds to ridge path?
2
Arch patterns account for approximately __ of all fingerprint patterns.
5%
Which of the following are considered during the analysis of friction ridge impressions?
Level 1, 2, and 3 detail, substrate, development medium, deposition pressure (all of the above)
What conclusion is made when a latent examiner determines that two friction ridge impressions originated from the same source to the exclusion of all others?
Individualization
Whorl patterns account for approximately ___ of all fingerprint patterns.
30%
*Anatomical origin and orientation are considered during analysis of which level of detail?
Level 1
*Secondary ridges contain sweat pores
false
It is recommended that you look for a targeted area or group within a print that stands out or appeals to you during the analysis phase
true
Ridge shapes and location of sweat pores are never considered in examining and comparing prints
false
Print comparisons always begin with analyzing the known print and then proceeding to the latent print
false
*Exclusions cannot be made using Level 1 detail
false
Blind verification means the independent reviewer does not know the conclusion of the original examiner
true
Scarring occurs when cuts extend into the dermis and reach the dermal papillae
true
Each loop pattern has one delta and one core
true
Individualizations can occur using Level 2 and Level 3 detail
true
ACE-V methodology gives structure and guides the examiner through the process of friction ridge impression analysis
true
ACE-V methodology is applied regardless of the combination of impression types (i.e. known to known, unknown to unknown, or unknown to known)
true
*Individualization, exclusion, and inconclusive conclusions must all be verified
false
The ACE-V methodology assures that the examiner will get the right answer
false
Right slant loops are typically found on the left hand
false
Hard floor surfaces should be checked using oblique lighting to search for any impressions that are not readily visible
true
*The IAFIS system has lights out matching capabilities
true
*A negative impression is a type of 3D impression
false
AFIS systems are integrated with each other allowing law enforcement agencies across the nation to access prints uploaded to any AFIS system
false
A 2D impression has length, width, and depth
false
AFIS is used by law enforcement agencies for identifying a person suspected of committing a crime or linking a suspect to other unsolved crimes
true
In AFIS systems, a qualified examiner has to visually compare the candidate prints to the latent prints
true
IAFIS is the FBI’s automated print system
true
Every print in searchable in IAFIS
false
When a shoe or tire deposits material onto a surface it creates a: positive impression
What are the two methods for comparing shoe and tire impressions?
side by side and superimposition
The “Reebok” emblem on a shoe outsole would be considered a
class characteristic
Which organization is the state repository of fingerprint records in OK?
OSBI
Shoe and tire impression identifications are based on
class characteristics and individual identifying characteristics (A and B)
The ________ is the portion of the shoe that comes into contact with the ground and is exposed to wear
outsole
AFIS provides a _________ based on the operators encoded information within the print.
candidate list
A __________ is an example of a 3D impression.
shoe impression in mud
The ____ system allows both fingers and palms to be searched against a stored database.
AFIS
An IAFIS entry has to be limited to less than ___ of the FBI’s fingerprint files.
30%
_____ is used to cast 3D impressions.
Dental stone
When conducting comparisons, the examiner should consider:
the design including any significant manufacturing characteristics, the physical shape and size, wear characteristics, individual identifying characteristics (all of the above).
*picture question: counter clockwise whorl is from a finger on the
right hand
