Quizzes Flashcards
Antihypertensive drugs reduce blood pressure by acting on all of the following organ systems EXCEPT:
a. The central nervous system
b. The urinary/renal system
c. The skeletal system (THIS)
d. The cardiovascular system
Which class of drug interrupts the activities of an enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway?
ACE Inhibitors
Which condition can be caused by uncontrolled diabetes?
Peripheral neuropathy
Which situation below will cause an increase in the workload of the heart?
a. Decreased heart rate
b. Increased preload (THIS)
c. Decreased afterload
d. Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity
Digoxin is used to treat:
Heart failure
Digoxin increases contractility, but decreases:
Heart rate
Beta-blockers act by blocking:
Activity of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart
The function of insulin is to:
Transport glucose from the blood into cells
A common side effect of anti-hypertensive medications can be:
Postural/orthostatic hypotension
Calcium channel blockers reduce hypertension by:
Increasing vasodilation of blood vessels
Diuretics reduce hypertension by:
Reducing total blood volume by increasing fluid loss in the urine
Drugs that prevent angina can act by:
Decreasing the total metabolic demand or workload of the heart
The major adverse effect to be aware of with insulin and the sulphonylurea drugs is:
Hypoglycemia
A client mentions that he/she has poorly controlled congestive heart failure. What is NOT a logical modification to the treatment plan?
a. Avoid the supine position, and treat the client in a propped up/semi-sitting position
b. Elevate edematous ankles, and try to work as much fluid as possible from the swollen lower extremities (THIS)
c. Make sure that the client is medically cleared to receive treatments
d. Ensure that the therapeutic exercises are not strenuous enough to cause discomfort
Thiazolidenediones act by:
Increasing the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues (Ex: muscles)
Anticoagulants often cause:
An increased risk of bruising
What are possible reasons for using anti-coagulant medications?
a. Prevent blood clot formation after heart attack or stroke
b. Prevent clot formation in those with atrial fibrillation
c. Prevent clot formation post-surgery
Which of the following drugs is effective for Type II diabetes and acts by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues as well as decreasing the release of glucose by the liver, and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose?
Biguanides
When treating a diabetic client, a massage therapist should be alert to the signs of _____________, which is likely to have more severe (acute) medical consequences than ____________________.
Hypoglycemia; hyperglycemia
Sulfonylureas can:
Increase the secretion of insulin by the pancreas
Metoprolol (or any drug ending in “olol”) is likely a:
Beta blocker
Enalapril (or any drug ending in “pril”) is likely a:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-inhibitor)
The brand name of a drug:
a. Is assigned by the company that manufactures the drug for marketing purposes
A drug has a half-life of 4 hours. If 100mg of the drug is administered, how much medication will be left in the body after 12 hours?
12.5 mg
A drug blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase, which converts carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid. What is its mechanism of action?
It interacts with cellular enzyme systems
Pharmacokinetics describes:
How the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and eliminates a drug
A drug is ingested and completely absorbed by the small intestine. However, first-pass metabolism results in destruction of only 2% of the drug that was administered (98% left after it leaves the liver). Based on this information, which is true?
The bioavailability of the drug is high
What is first-pass metabolism?
The metabolism of a drug by the liver before it is widely distributed throughout the circulation
What pharmacokinetic processes have the most impact on a drug’s half-life?
Metabolism and elimination
describes the processes of pharmacokinetics in the order in which they take place in the body after an Advil has been taken?
Dissolving, metabolism, distribution, elimination
Absorption is usually slowest in which of the following routes of administration?
Oral
When a patient is using a topical administration that is being administered by a patch, how much space should you leave when working around the patch?
4-6 inches
Hydrotherapy should be avoided in clients who are taking drugs that:
Impact the ability of blood vessels to dilate and/or constrict
A wide range of toxicities, including euphoria, immunosuppression, and weakened connective tissue- a systemic anti-inflammatory
Corticosteroids
Important to avoid deep tissue techniques due to risk of significant bruising- impairs ability of blood to clot
Anticoagulants
Be alert for signs of toxicity- arrhythmias, visual disturbances, nausea and vomiting, bradycardia- used to treat heart failure
Digoxin
Important to avoid systemic hydrotherapy treatments due to impaired hypothalamic temperature regulation- used to treat schizophrenia
Phenothiazine antipsychotics
NSAID most likely to cause GI bleeding
Aspirin
Most likely to cause hypoglycemia; during massage, watch for the signs and symptoms- an anti-diabetic medication
Insulin
NSAID least likely to cause GI bleeding, but more associated with thrombotic events (heart attack and stroke)
COX-2 inhibitors
Decreased muscle tone can be a side effect- used to treat anxiety
Benzodiazepines
These anti-diabetic medications often cause significant nausea and vomiting. Bruising can occur, as well lactic acidosis has been reported
Biguanides
