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Epidemiology > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: the Epidemiology Monitor is a newsletter that lists employment opportunities in national and international locations

A

True

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2
Q

True or false: the field of epidemiology is restricted to only 30 specializations

A

False

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3
Q

True or false: in the United States, epidemiologists play a role in implementing health-related mandates issued by the executive and legislative branches of state government

A

True

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4
Q

True or false: the American College of Epidemiology (ACE) has developed a framework for ethical principles in epidemiology

A

True

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5
Q

Career roles for epidemiologist include:

A. Academic workers and healthcare planners

B. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Employment listings

C. Disease surveillance workers

D. Researchers

E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

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6
Q

True or false: the 2009–2010 episode of influenza first identified in the United States and eventually called 2009 H1N1 influenza was classified as a pandemic by WHO in summer 2009

A

True

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7
Q

True of false: most of the time, epidemiologic researchers confront a problem that has a clear etiologic basis

A

False

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8
Q

True or false: John Graunt is known as the Columbus of biostatistics

A

True

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9
Q

True or false: John Snow is credited with developing the smallpox vaccination

A

False

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10
Q

True or false: one of William Farr’s contributions to public health and epidemiology included the development of a more sophisticated system for codifying medical conditions

A

True

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11
Q

Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiologic approach)?

A. Description of specific signs and symptoms in a patient

B. Description of seasonal trends in disease occurrence

C. Examination of disease occurrence among population groups

D. Demonstration of geographic variations in disease frequency

A

A. Description of specific signs and symptoms in a patient

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12
Q

Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic approach (as opposed to a clinical approach)?

A. Description of a single individual’s symptoms

B. Surveillance of a population

C. Treatment of a patient with diagnosed illness

D. A and C

A

B. Surveillance of a population

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13
Q

Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology?

A. To describe the health status of the population

B. To fund new public health programs

C. To explain the etiology of disease

D. To predict the occurrence of disease

E. To control the distribution of disease

A

B. To fund new public health programs

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14
Q

True or false: sexually transmitted diseases are examples of a residual disorder: one for which the contributing factors are known but for which methods of control have not been implemented effectively

A

True

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15
Q

True or false: dynamic population is one that adds new members through immigration and births and loses members through emigration and deaths.

A

True

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16
Q

True or false: the term health disparities refers to differences in health characteristics (e.g., mortality and burden of disease) that exist among specific U.S. population groups

A

True

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17
Q

True or false: an example of operations research is using epidemiology to plan the placement of health services in a community

A

True

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18
Q

True or false: health education programs about the hazards of starting smoking are examples of secondary prevention.

A

True

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19
Q

According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of disease and the host interact is called the period of:

A. Prepathogenesis

B. Pathogenesis

C. Primogenesis

D. B and C

A

D. B and C

20
Q

Which form of prevention takes place after the precursors of disease interact with the host?

A. Tertiary

B. Secondary

C. Primary

D. Both A and B

A

D. Both A and B

21
Q

There has been an increase in the number of epidemiologic studies reported in medical journals because:

A. They interest the public and physicians concerned with preventive medicine

B. Infectious diseases are predominant in American society

C. It is relatively easy to investigate risk factors through experiments

D. All of the above

A

A. They interest the public and physicians concerned with preventive medicine

22
Q

Indicate the level of prevention (A, B, C, or D) that is represented in questions:

Screening for breast cancer

A. Primary Prevention Active

B. Primary Prevention Passive

C. Secondary Prevention

D. Tertiary Prevention

A

C. Secondary Prevention

23
Q

Indicate the level of prevention (A, B, C, or D) that is represented in questions:

Pasteurization of milk

A. Primary Prevention Active

B. Primary Prevention Passive

C. Secondary Prevention

D. Tertiary Prevention

A

B. Primary Prevention Passive

24
Q

Indicate the level of prevention (A, B, C, or D) that is represented in questions:

Immunization against rubella

A. Primary Prevention Active

B. Primary Prevention Passive

C. Secondary Prevention

D. Tertiary Prevention

A

A. Primary Prevention Active

25
Q

Indicate the level of prevention (A, B, C, or D) that is represented in questions:

Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction

A. Primary Prevention Active

B. Primary Prevention Passive

C. Secondary Prevention

D. Tertiary Prevention

A

D. Tertiary Prevention

26
Q

True or false: the crude death rate is defined as the number of deaths in a given year divided by a reference population (during mid-point of the year) multiplied by 100,000

A

True

27
Q

True or false: the point prevalence of a disease is defined as the number of persons ill divided by the total number in the group at a point in time

A

True

28
Q

True or false: the incidence rate of a disease is defined as the number of new cases of the disease over a time period divided by the total population (at risk) during the same time period times a multiplier (e.g., 100,000)

A

True

29
Q

True or false: when the duration of a disease becomes short and the incidence is high, the prevalence becomes similar to incidence

A

True

30
Q

True or false: for a chronic disease of low incidence and long duration, prevalence of the disease increases relative to incidence

A

True

31
Q

True or false: a prerequisite for using direct age adjustment is that the age-specific death rates in the study population must be stable

A

True

32
Q

True or false: calculation of the standardized mortality ratio is an example of the direct method of age adjustment

A

False

33
Q

An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year:

Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month: 12,000
Roller-skating injuries in Metroville: 600
Total number of residents injured from roller-skating: 1,800
Total number of deaths from roller-skating: 90
Total number of deaths from all causes: 900

The crude death rate for all causes was:

A. 90/600 × 100,000

B. 900/100,000 × 100,000

C. 90/1,800 × 100,000

D. 90/900 × 100,000

A

B. 900/100,000 × 100,000

Crude death rate: number of deaths in a given year / reference population x 100,000

33
Q

Beach City has a rising population of 500,000 robust, fertile males and 450,000 robust, fertile females. If there were 4,000 live births, 3 fetal deaths, and 40 maternal deaths, what is the crude birth rate?

A. 4,000/500,000 × 1,000

B. 4,000/450,000 × 1,000

C. 4,000/950,000 × 1,000

D. 4,003/950,000 × 1,000

E. 3,997/950,000 × 1,000

A

C. 4,000/950,000 × 1,000

Crude birth rate: number of live births within a given period / population size at the middle of that period x 1,000

34
Q

The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by:

A. the mortality rate from that disease in the 0-4 age group.

B. a spot map that records all cases of the disease in the past year.

C. the period prevalence for that disease during the past year.

D. the incidence rate (cumulative incidence) for that disease in a given period of time.

A

D. the incidence rate (cumulative incidence) for that disease in a given period of time

35
Q

An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year:

Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month: 12,000
Roller-skating injuries in Metroville: 600
Total number of residents injured from roller-skating: 1,800
Total number of deaths from roller-skating: 90
Total number of deaths from all causes: 900

The cause-specific mortality rate from roller-skating was:

A. 90/600 × 100,000

B. 90/100,000 × 100,000

C. 90/1,800 × 100,000

D. 90/900 × 100,000

A

B. 90/100,000 × 100,000

Cause-specific rate: mortality (or frequency) of a given disease / population size at midpoint of time period x 100,000

36
Q

An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year:

Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month: 12,000
Roller-skating injuries in Metroville: 600
Total number of residents injured from roller-skating: 1,800
Total number of deaths from roller-skating: 90
Total number of deaths from all causes: 900

The proportional mortality ratio (%) due to roller-skating was:

A. 90/600 × 100

B. 90/100,000 × 100

C. 90/1,800 × 100

D. 90/900 × 100

A

D. 90/900 × 100

Proportional mortality ratio: mortality due to a specific cause during a time period / mortality due to all causes during the same time period x 100

37
Q

Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a proportion)?

A. Male Births
Male + Female Births

B. Female Births
Male + Female Births

C. Male Births
Female Births

D. A and B

A

C. Male Births
Female Births

Proportion must have numerator as part of denominator

38
Q

Which of the following terms is expressed as a proportion (as distinguished from a ratio)?

A. Male Births
Female Births

B. Female Births
Male + Female Births

C. Female Births
Male Births

D. A and C

A

B. Female Births
Male + Female Births

Proportion must have numerator as part of denominator

39
Q

Incidence and prevalence data have different applications in public health. Indicate by choosing the appropriate option whether the use is for incidence or prevalence data.

Determining workload and planning the scope of facilities and manpower needs, particularly for chronic disease.

A. This is a use primarily for incidence data.

B. This is a use primarily for prevalence data.

C. This application could apply equally for both incidence and prevalence data.

D. This is a use for neither incidence data nor prevalence data.

A

B. This is a use primarily for prevalence data.

40
Q

Incidence and prevalence data have different applications in public health. Indicate by choosing the appropriate option whether the use is for incidence or prevalence data.

Estimating the frequency of exposure.

A. This is a use primarily for incidence data.

B. This is a use primarily for prevalence data.

C. This application could apply equally for both incidence and prevalence data.

D. This is a use for neither incidence data nor prevalence data.

A

B. This is a use primarily for prevalence data.

41
Q

Incidence and prevalence data have different applications in public health. Indicate by choosing the appropriate option whether the use is for incidence or prevalence data.

The fundamental tool for etiologic studies of both acute and chronic diseases.

A. This is a use primarily for incidence data.

B. This is a use primarily for prevalence data.

C. This application could apply equally for both incidence and prevalence data.

D. This is a use for neither incidence data nor prevalence data.

A

A. This is a use primarily for incidence data.

42
Q

Incidence and prevalence data have different applications in public health. Indicate by choosing the appropriate option whether the use is for incidence or prevalence data.

To express the burden or extent of some condition or attribute in a population.

A. This is a use primarily for incidence data.

B. This is a use primarily for prevalence data.

C. This application could apply equally for both incidence and prevalence data.

D. This is a use for neither incidence data nor prevalence data.

A

B. This is a use primarily for prevalence data.

43
Q

Incidence and prevalence data have different applications in public health. Indicate by choosing the appropriate option whether the use is for incidence or prevalence data.

To provide a direct estimate of the risk of developing a disease.

A. This is a use primarily for incidence data.

B. This is a use primarily for prevalence data.

C. This application could apply equally for both incidence and prevalence data.

D. This is a use for neither incidence data nor prevalence data.

A

A. This is a use primarily for incidence data.

44
Q

The major disadvantage of crude rates is that:

A. they may not allow for comparison of populations that differ in size.

B. they do not permit comparison of populations that vary in composition.

C. they are difficult to calculate from available data sources.

D. all of the above

A

B. they do not permit comparison of populations that vary in composition.

Epidemiology (6 decks)

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