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Psych 121 > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensory neurons (such as photoreceptors in the eye) fire action potentials or change neurotransmitter release in response to…

A

Environmental stimuli

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2
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve carries information about what into the brain?

A

Audition (sound)

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3
Q

Moving your right hand is controlled by…

A

Left motor cortex

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4
Q

This structure in the brain is associated with emotional learning and a fear response.

A

Amygdala

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5
Q

If you had a stroke that damaged your occipital lobe, which sense would be most likely to be impaired?

A

Vision

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6
Q

If a participant were holding two different weights in their hands and could tell the difference between 80- and 82-gram weights, but not between 80- and 81-gram weights, then the JND would be _______ gram(s).

A

2

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7
Q

In signal detection theory, the _______ is a value that defines the ease with which an observer can tell the difference between the presence and absence of a stimulus, or the difference between stimulus 1 and stimulus 2.

A

sensitivity

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8
Q

Stevens’ power law describes the relationship between a _______ and a(n) _______.

A

stimulus; sensation

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9
Q

Airport security is very tight. If a traveler even jokes about a bomb, they are detained and questioned to ensure that no real terrorist threat succeeds. In terms of signal detection theory, airport security would rather have a _______ than a _______.

A

false alarm; miss

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10
Q

For the previous question - this means airport security has a ____________.

A

Low response criterion

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11
Q

Accommodation is the process during which the _____ of the ye changes its shape.

A

lens

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12
Q

A neuron will not fire if a stimulus does not activate its

A

receptive field

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13
Q

If the M ganglion cells in the retina suddenly disappeared, what would be the consequences for perception?

A

Motion perception would be severely impaired.

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14
Q

If the optic nerve is severed, which retinal cells are damaged?

A

Ganglion cells

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15
Q

In presbyopia, the lens becomes stiff with age and cannot change its shape. What is the perceptual consequence of this change?

A

It may become difficult to focus on objects at certain depths.

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16
Q

Lateral inhibition is the

A

antagonistic neural interaction between adjacent regions of the retina

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17
Q

Suppose your pupils are dilated after visiting the eye doctor. What is the effect on the amount of photopigment in your photoreceptors, and why?

A

You have less photopigment than normal because your photoreceptors are trying to adapt to the increased amount of light striking the retina.

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18
Q

The high-resolution part of the eye that is used for detailed vision is called the

A

fovea

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19
Q

Which of the following is a specialized retinal cell responsible for lateral inhibition?

A

Horizontal cell

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20
Q

Which stimulus would optimally activate an OFF-center ganglion cell?

A

A shadow in the center of the receptive field

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21
Q

Cortical magnification is the ____ devoted to a specific region in the visual field.

A

amount of cortical area

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22
Q

Hubel and Wiesel uncovered some important properties of the ___ of neurons in the striate cortex.

A

receptive fields

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23
Q

If a movie projector is out of focus and the images on the scren are blurry, which spatial frequencies are missing?

A

high frequencies

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24
Q

If an infant looks longer at a striped square than a gray square, what does that indicate?

A

The infant’s visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the stripes, and they are attracted to high contrast images.

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25
Q

if two objects appear near each other in the world, they will also be processed by cells near each other

A

on the retina, in the LGN, and in the striate cortex

26
Q

No single neuron receives input from both eyes until the

A

striate cortex

27
Q

Spatial frequency refers to the

A

number of cycles of a grating per unit of visual angle

28
Q

The diminishing response of a sense organ to a sustained stimulus is referred to as

A

adaptation

29
Q

The tendency of neurons in striate cortex to respond optimally to certain orientations and less to others is known as

A

orientation tuning

30
Q

Which stimulus would a striate cortex neuron respond to most vigorously?

A

an oriented bar of light

31
Q

A major problem with template (exemplar) theories of object recognition is that

A

we cannot possibly store enough templates in memory to match every object we might encounter

32
Q

Evidence indicates that structures in ___ cortex are especially important in end-stage object recognition processes.

A

inferotemporal

33
Q

If you adapt to a face that has highly contracted features, and you are next presented with an “average” face, the features on that face will appear

A

expanded

34
Q

Gestalt psychologists emphasize that

A

the perceptual whole is greater than the sum of its parts

35
Q

recognition by components breaks down objects into component parts in order to match them with a mental representation of an object category. These component parts are called

A

geons

36
Q

What is the term for a type of machine learning in which a computer can be trained on a set of known objects and then later can recognize objects it has never seen before?

A

deep neural network (DNN)

37
Q

Which Gestalt grouping cue explains why a flock of birds flying in in formation are perceived to be grouped?

A

common fate

38
Q

Which of the following is a subordinate-level object category term?

A

Toyota Prius

39
Q

Which of the following is a viewing position that produces some regularity in the visual image that is not present in the world?

A

Accidental viewpoint

40
Q

Prosopagnosia is a neuropsychological disorder in which the patient

A

cannot identify faces, but can recognize other types of objects

41
Q

A(n) ___ is a visual image seen after the stimulus has been removed

A

afterimage

42
Q

According to the ___ theory, the color of any light is defined in our visual system by the relationships among three numbers of a set.

A

trichromacy

43
Q

How many lights (of the correct type) are required to match any color that humans can see?

A

Three

44
Q

If a video game labels friendly characters as green and enemy characters as red, who might have a hard time seeing the difference between friendly and enemy characters?

A

both deuteranopes and protonopes

45
Q

RGB televisions and computer monitors have red, green, and blue pixels. Why don’t they have yellow pixels?

A

Red + green is a metamer for yellow, so the red and green pixels can be lighted up together to cause the perception of yellow.

46
Q

Suppose a new ethnic group is discovered and their language only has four color words. Which color is least likely to be one of the color terms in that language?

A

Tan

47
Q

Suppose you have a red surface and want it to seem as red as possible. What sort of background should you put behind it, according to the color contrast effect?

A

Green

48
Q

The tendency of a surface to appear the same color under a fairly wide range of illuminations is known as

A

color constancy

49
Q

What is the function relating the wavelength of light to the percentage of that wavelength that is reflected form the surface?

A

Spectral reflectance function

50
Q

Which color pair is farthest apart in wavelength?

A

Blue and red

51
Q

A(n) _____ is an image that appears distorted unless viewed from a very specific angle.

A

anamorphic projection

52
Q

If the two eyes are not aligned properly the brain tends to ignore information from one eye. This phenomenon is known as

A

suppression

53
Q

___ is the surface of zero disparity, or the location of objects whose images lie on corresponding points in the two eyes.

A

the horopter

54
Q

Stereoblindness usually results from

A

childhood disorders

55
Q

Suppose you are looking at a road that recedes into the distance. Which depth cue describes the way the edges of the road seem to converge in the retinal image?

A

linear perspective

56
Q

the process by which the eye changes its focus by adjusting the lens is called

A

accommodation

57
Q

Virtual reality headsets have a separate display for each eye. What is another technical name for such a device?

A

Stereoscope

58
Q

Which of the following cannot be used to solve the correspondence problem?

A

The disparity constraint

59
Q

If a fly lands on your nose and you turn your eyes inward to look at it, what kind of eye movement are you making?

A

convergent

60
Q

____ is any sort of depth cue that can be depicted by an artist on a canvas.

A

a pictorial depth cue

Psych 121 (1 decks)

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