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quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

Principles in Plant Physiology. Which of the following is FALSE?

Question options:

Plants are shaping the environment

Morphology and Physiology are linked

Plants are dynamic biological systems

Plants are facing a lot of challenges

Optimizing all functions are possible in plants

A

Optimizing all functions are possible in plants

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2
Q

Three major tissue systems make up the plant bodies do NOT include:

Question options:

Support tissue

Vascular tissue

Dermal tissue

Ground tissue

A

Support tissue

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3
Q

Thick, dense, and compact leaves usually have high photosynthetic rate compared to thin, less dense, less compact leaves.

Question options:
True
False

A

false

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4
Q

The function of above ground buttress (wall-like) roots in tropical trees is:

Question options:

To provide more surface area for water and nutrient uptake

To have more xylem for water uptake

To physically support the tree

To stop animal moving and attacking trees

A

To physically support the tree

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5
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a Function of stems?

Question options:

Exclude unwanted nutrients

Transport water and sugar

Support leaves

Elevate reproductive structures

Communication between leaves and roots

A

Exclude unwanted nutrients

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6
Q

What is the function of the Casparian strips in roots?

Question options:

Exclude unwanted nutrients

Physical support

Water transports

Has no function

A

Exclude unwanted nutrients

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7
Q

What is the major function of the parenchyma cells in the cortex and pith?

Question options:

Support

Storage

Photosynthesis

Transport

A

Storage

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8
Q

Why the leaf spongy mesophyll tissue has a lot of air spaces?

Question options:

To save energy from having more cells

To allow carbon dioxide to diffuse quickly

To facilitate light penetration

To allow water storage

A

To allow carbon dioxide to diffuse quickly

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9
Q

Why the leaf palisade mesophyll tissue has a compact columnar arrangement?

Question options:

To maximize light interception

To have more cells for photosynthesis

To have more cells for sugar storage

To use the space more effectively

A

To maximize light interception

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10
Q

The major function of a Thick plant cell wall in xylem conduit and fiber cells is:

Question options:

Communication

Water storage

Protecting cell membrane

Physical support

A

Physical support

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11
Q

The guard cells of the stomata usually do NOT have chloroplasts.

Question options:
True
False

A

False

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12
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a major function of having chloroplasts in guard cells?

Question options:

To increase leaf photosynthetic rate

Regulating stomatal openness based on sugar produced in photosynthesis

sensing the light

Providing energy for the active stomatal opening/ closure through photosynthesis

A

To increase leaf photosynthetic rate

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13
Q

Which of the following is a FALSE comparison between the xylem and phloem:

Question options:

Xylem vessels are usually larger than phloem sieve tubes

Water is “pulled” through the xylem; sugar solutions are “pushed” through the phloem

Xylem supplies water to the leaves; phloem transports food from leaves to the rest of the plant

Xylem cells are are at risk of exploding from high positive pressure; phloem cells do not fail

A

Xylem cells are at risk of exploding from high positive pressure; phloem cells do not fail

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14
Q

Physiological processes are usually not linked with each other.

Question options:
True
False

A

False

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15
Q

Which one of the following is not a Macronutrient element of plants?

Question options:

K

P

Fe

N

A

Fe

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16
Q

Plant growth is limited by the resource in highest supply relative to plant needs.

Question options:
True
False

A

False

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17
Q

Why do vascular plants have to ‘pull hard’ to bring water from the soil to the leaves?

Question options:

Moving water through the ‘pipes’ of the xylem creates frictional resistance that the plants must overcome.

Plants must lift the water against gravity

Water is held by capillarity in the spaces between soil particles and plants must overcome this force to get the water out of the soil.

All of the above

A

All of the above

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18
Q

Which one is the major source of plant dry biomass accumulation through photosynthesis

Question options:

Air

Light

Soil

Fertilizer

A

Air

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19
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a regular step of scientific research in modern science?

Question options:

Formulate a question

Develop hypotheses

Design experiments

Observe and record data

Analyses

Share results

None of the above

A

None of the above

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20
Q

Which one of the following is the best scientific hypotheses:

Question options:

Crops will not be influenced by changes in rainfall patterns

Warming will decrease photosynthesis of wild blueberry plants in Maine because they are adapted to cool temperatures

Plants can not adapt to climate change quickly because the climate change is too fast nowdays

Temperate trees have slow responses to climate change

A

Warming will decrease photosynthesis of wild blueberry plants in Maine because they are adapted to cool temperatures

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21
Q

Which one of the following is NOT correct regarding a scientific hypotheses:

Question options:

For a hypotheses to be a scientific hypotheses, the scientific method requires that one can test it.

The hypotheses should be based on current knowledge, and logical reasoning.

A scientific hypotheses should be specific so one can design an experiment to test it.

A scientific hypotheses could be a simple predictions without any background informations.

A

A scientific hypotheses could be a simple predictions without any background informations.

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22
Q

Environmental stress is defined as any environmental conditions that prevents the plant from achieving its full genetic potential

Question options:
True
False

A

True

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23
Q

Which one of the following causes the most economic losses of agriculture systems in the US?

Question options:

Flooding

Freezing

Drought

Drought and Heat

Salinity

A

Drought and Heat

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24
Q

Anthropogenic global climate change includes:

Question options:

Warming

Elevated CO2 concentrations

Increasing climate variability

Increasing climate extremes

All of the above

A

All of the above

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25
Q

Warming will result in more water deficits (potentially drought effects) in plants because:

Question options:

Warming will increase the water loss of plants and soils

Warming will cause xylem embolism thus plants cannot transport water efficiently

Warming will decrease photosynthesis of plants

Warming will cause plants to wilt

A

Warming will increase the water loss of plants and soils

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26
Q

Which one of the following crop variety is better adapted to drought conditions:

Question options:

It closes stomata partly to save water

It slows down respirations and drought protection under drought

It opens stomata more to have more driving force to uptake water

It stops the uptake of water under drought

A

It closes stomata partly to save water

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27
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a threat to the wild blueberry production in Maine:

Question options:

Increasing summer drought

Increasing spring frosts

Decreased pollinator activity due to increasing spring rainfall

Increasing snow covers

A

Increasing snow covers

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28
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a Negative effect of warming on crops?

Question options:

Increases water loss of plants

Increases evaporation of soils

Increases the length of the growing season of crops

Increases potential heat stress to plants

A

Increases the length of the growing season of crops?

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29
Q

Which one of the following is false regarding solutes, solvents, and solutions:

Question options:

Solutes can move with the solution by mass flow

Solutes tend to distribute evenly in the solvent

Solutes will move from a place with high concentration to a place with low concentration

Water is a non- polar solvent

A

Water is a non- polar solvent

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30
Q

The role of cell membrane does NOT include:

Question options:

Glues cell together

Transports nutrients into the cell

Separates symplast from apoplast

Regulates the movement of solutes in and out of the cell

A

Glues cell together

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31
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a difference between passive and active transport

Question options:

Active transport involves membrane proteins while passive does not

Passive transport moves down gradient while active can move against chemical gradient

ATP is involved in active transport but not in passive transport

Passive transport does not consume energy while active does

A

Active transport involves membrane proteins while passive does not

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32
Q

Passive cross membrane transport does NOT include:

Question options:

Ion pumps

Carrier proteins

Simple diffusion through membranes

Ion channels

A

Ion pumps

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33
Q

The driving force for the secondary active transport is:

Question options:

Heat gradients

Proton (H+) electro- chemical gradients

Direct energy release from ATP

Surface tension

A

Proton (H+) electro- chemical gradients

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34
Q

Which one of the following is TRUE. The Casparian strip:

Question options:

is important in allowing plants to exclude unwanted elements

prevents excess transpiration

is located in the plasma (cell) membrane of the cell

allows plants to take up cations, but not anions

A

is important in allowing plants to exclude unwanted elements

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35
Q

What are the determinant factors of plant water availability?

Question options:

Precipitation

Evaporation

Soil water holding capacity

Competition

All of the above

A

All of the above

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36
Q

About how many percent of the water taken up by the roots is lost by transpiration through stomata?

Question options:

95%

80%

30%

50%

A

95%

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37
Q

The pressure chamber (or “pressure bomb”, the equipment that pressurizes a leaf in a chamber and then you observe the sap coming out from the petiole (cut end) is used to measure:

Question options:

The water potential of the leaf

The relative water content of a leaf

The amount of our bubbles on the leaf xylem

The relative humidity inside leaves

A

The water potential of the leaf

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38
Q

Which component of water potential dominates in the plant xylem?

Question options:

ψg- gravitational potential

ψs- osmotic (solute) potential

ψp- pressure potential

ψm- metric potential (adhesive intermolecular forces between the water and the solid)

A

ψp- pressure potential

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39
Q

You have a cell, whose ψs (osmotic potential) is -1.22MPa, and you put it in a solution whose water potential (ψw) is -0.6MPa. Will water enter the cell, leave the cell, or will the cell be at equilibrium (no movement)?

Question options:

Leave

No movement

Enter

I do not know

A

Enter

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40
Q

You have a cell, whose ψs (osmotic potential) is -1.22MPa, and you put it in a solution whose water potential (ψw) is -0.60 MPa. What will the turgor pressure (ψp) of this cell be, at equilibrium. Assume that the ψs does not change.

Question options:

-0.62

-1.22

-0.60

-1.82

-0.62

A

-0.62

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41
Q

Biochar is black carbon produced from biomass sources for the purpose of transforming the biomass carbon into a more stable form.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

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42
Q

In the morning when the leaves of a tree is transpiring, the soil water potential is -0.5 MPa, stem water potential is -1.0 MPa, which one of the following is the most possible leaf water potential?

Question options:

-0.8 MPa

-1.5 MPa

2 MPa

-5 MPa

-1.0 MPa

A

-1.5 MPa

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43
Q

The physical driving force of the long distance water transport in plants is

Question options:

A gradient in relative humidity

Gravity

A water potential gradient from the soil to the atmosphere

A temperature gradient from the soil to the atmosphere

A

A water potential gradient from the soil to the atmosphere

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44
Q

Water moves in the xylem according to the ———- theory.

Question options:

Root pressure

Surface tension

Transpiration

Pulling force

Cohesion tension

A

Cohesion tension

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45
Q

After cutting a branch with leaves and flowers from a tree, why is it better to recut the stem under water for keeping longer?

Question options:

To remove damaged stem tissues

To remove the vessels/conduits blocked by excluded sugars

To shorten the water transport pathway

To remove embolized vessels/conduits

A

To remove embolized vessels/conduits

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46
Q

Why grape vines have narrow stems but can supply water to lots of leaves?

Question options:

They have short water transport pathway

Their leaves do not use a lot of water

They have bigger xylem vessels

They have a lot of xylem vessels

A

They have bigger xylem vessels

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47
Q

Which of the following environmental stress will cause xylem embolism?

Question options:

Drought

Freeze-thaw

Chilling

Both drought and freeze-thaw

A

Both drought and freeze-thaw

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48
Q

Molecular forces between water molecules would allow them to support a tension as high as 100 MPa (allow water to be transported under tension).

Question options:
True
False

A

True

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49
Q

Cavitation in xylem conduits is when water under tension expands to the vapor phase, forming an “air embolism”.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

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50
Q

Some plants can also use positive pressures (e.g. root pressure) to transport water.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

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51
Q

Plants have to pull hard to get water because they have to:

Question options:

Lift water against gravity

Overcome the frictional resistance of moving water through the plant

Pull water from the soil

All of the above

A

All of the above

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52
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a technique to detect xylem cavitation:

Question options:

Cryo- SEM (scanning electron microscope)

Pressure chamber

Optical scanning of the leaf using a scanner

Micro- CT

A

Pressure chamber?

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53
Q

For the same driving force (pressure gradient) the volume flow rate through a tube is proportional to the 4th power of the radius (Poiseuille flow).

Question options:
True
False

A

true

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54
Q

The hydraulic conductivity of a stem can be measured by measuring flow rate driving by a known pressure gradient.

Question options:
True
False

A

true

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55
Q

Which of the following is NOT a way of fixing atmospheric N2.

Question options:

Meteorological (Lightning)

Root respiration

Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae)

Industrial processes (Production of N fertilizers)

Symbionts (Legumes + Rhizobium bacteria)

A

Root respiration

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56
Q

How plant roots can actively exchange useful cations from soil particles?

Question options:

Transpiration

Diffusion

Cation exchange

Nutrient Interception

A

Cation exchange

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57
Q

Because there are a lots of N2 (Nitrogen) in the atmosphere, N is not a limiting resource for plant growth.

Question options:
True
False

A

false

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58
Q

Mineral nutrition is the study of how plants obtain and use mineral nutrients.

Question options:
True
False

A

true

59
Q

Soil nutrient acquisition pathways include:

Question options:

Mass flow

Diffusion

Root interception

All above

A

All above

60
Q

Nutrient acquisition beyond the roots includes:

Question options:

Symbioses

Atmospheric deposition

Internal nutrient recycling

Carnivory

All the above

A

All the above

61
Q

Mycorrhizal fungi can help plants to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere.

Question options:
True
False

A

false

62
Q

Within the chloroplast, the photosynthetic light reaction happens in:

Question options:

Outer envelope

Stroma lamella

Thylakoid membranes

Stroma

A

Thylakoid membranes

63
Q

Most of dry mass of a plant comes from the nutrients and carbon that it absorbs from the soil

Question options:
True
False

A

False

64
Q

Most plant leaves look green because:

Question options:

Leaves mainly use green light for photosynthesis

Leaves transmit most green light

Leaves mainly use red and blue lights for photosynthesis and thus reflect most green light

Leaves absorb most green light

A

Leaves mainly use red and blue lights for photosynthesis and thus reflect most green light

65
Q

A photon of blue light has more energy than red light. (Hint: Lower wavelength means higher energy; Red light has higher wavelength than the blue light)

Question options:
True
False

A

True

66
Q

About how many percent of the suns energy output is converted to carbohydrates by plants through photosynthesis? (Hint: think about the efficiency of photosynthesis: heat loss, photorespiration, light reflectance etc)

Question options:

20%

40%

60%

4%

A

4%

67
Q

Plant photosynthetic light reactions release oxygen as a byproduct.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

68
Q

Light Harvesting Complexes (LHC) pass energy to reaction centers in plant photosynthetic light reactions.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

69
Q

The final products of the photosynthetic light reaction is:

Question options:

ATP and NADPH

ADP and NADPH

ATP and NADP+

ADP and NADP+

A

ATP and NADPH

70
Q

Which one of the following powers the ATP synthase complex in the photosynthetic light reaction:

Question options:

Light

ATP

NADPH

H+ gradient

A

H+ gradient

71
Q

The photosystem II (P680) mainly harvests and uses far red light.

Question options:
True
False

A

False

72
Q

In Plant photosynthesis, water splitting happens in:

Question options:

PS II

Stroma

Cytochrome

PS I

A

PS II

73
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Question options:

the enzyme responsible for fixing CO2 in the first step of Calvin Cycle, is specific to CO2 only.

The photosynthetic dark reaction is not necessary in plants because the light reaction can fix energy from the light.

Most of dry mass of a plant comes from he nutrients and carbon that it absorbs from the soil.

Plant oxygenic photosynthesis uses water as an electron donor.

A

Plant oxygenic photosynthesis uses water as an electron donor.

74
Q

Within the chloroplast, the photosynthetic dark reaction happens in

Question options:

Thylakoid membrance

Stroma

Outer envelope

Inner envelope

A

Stroma

75
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a reason why plants need the dark reaction to convert ATP to sugars for storage?

Question options:

Light reaction can not produce enough energy

Other organs (rather than leaves) need energy too

Plants need energy sources during the night and unfavorable seasons

ATP and NADPH are unstable

A

Light reaction can not produce enough energy

76
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a step of the Calvin cycle?

Question options:

Photorespiration

Carboxylation

Regeneration

Reduction

A

Photorespiration

77
Q

Which step (s) of the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) need(s) ATP input?

Question options:

Second and the third step

First and the second step

Second step

First step

Third step

A

Second and the third step

78
Q

Out of the SIX G3P (three carbon sugars) produced in the second step of the Calvin cycle, how many of the G3P are exported?

Question options:

3

4

6

2

5

1

A

1

79
Q

Which one of the following is NOT true regarding photorespiration:

Question options:

It is not temperature dependent

Rubisco works as an oxygenase

It consumes ATP and NADPH

It produces 2-PG (2- phosphopglycolate)

A

It is not temperature dependent

80
Q

Which one of the following is a C4 plant?

Question options:

Maple tree

Blueberry

Maize

Cactus

Tomato

A

Maize

81
Q

CAM photosynthesis is a ———— separation of the light and dark reactions:

Question options:

No separation

Spatial

Both temporal and spatial

Temporal

A

Temporal

82
Q

In terms of the structure of a tree trunk or stem, the phloem tissue is at the —————– location of the xylem tissue.

Question options:

can be inside or outside

mixed

inside

outside

A

outside

83
Q

The direction of water flow between xylem and phloem in source during sugar loading is:

Question options:

from phloem to xylem

from xylem to phloem

both ways

no flow

A

from xylem to phloem

84
Q

There is a sieve tube element with water potential of -1.0MPa, and. osmotic potential of -1.4 MPa, what is the turgor pressure:

Question options:

2.4 MPa

-2.4 MPa

0.4 MPa

-0.4 MPa

A

0.4 MPa

85
Q

The direction of water flow between xylem and phloem in the source during sugar loading is:

Question options:

from xylem to phloem

from phloem to xylem

not sure

both way

A

from xylem to phloem

86
Q

The direction of water flow between xylem and phloem in the sink during sugar unloading is:

Question options:

from xylem to phloem

from phloem to xylem

both way

not sure

A

from phloem to xylem

87
Q

The sieve tube cells do not have:

Question options:

plastids

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

plasma membrane

vacuole

A

vacuole

88
Q

In terms of sugar loading strategies/mechanisms: a tropical canopy tree with very high photosynthetic rates most likely has:

Question options:

passive loading (diffusion)

active loading

polymer trapping

A

passive loading (diffusion)

89
Q

In active phloem loading, sucrose is loaded by:

Question options:

proton- sucrose antiport

proton pump

proton- sucrose symport

ATPase

A

proton- sucrose symport

90
Q

In sugar loading of polymer trapping, sucrose diffuse from the mesophyll cell to the companion cell through

Question options:

pits

channel protein

proton- sucrose symport

plasmodesmata

A

plasmodesmata

91
Q

Which one of the following is NOT involved in generating the driving force for phloem sugar transport:

Question options:

sugar diffuse from higher turgor sieve cells to those with lower turgor

increase in turgor pressure in sieve tubes

water enters sieve tubes

accumulation of sugars in sieve tubes

A

sugar diffuse from higher turgor sieve cells to those with lower turgor ?

92
Q

Compared to the leaves in the shade, the leaves in the sun (from the same species) tend to be:

Question options:

Not sure

Thinner

The same

Thicker

A

Thicker

93
Q

You are measuring the CO2 assimilation (or CO2 uptake) of a leaf in the dark (PPFD = 0), the measured CO2 assimilation value will be:

Question options:

Zero

Positive

Negative

Can be negative or positive

A

Negative?

94
Q

Excess light absorption of a leaf can result in:

Question options:

Heat damage

Destruction of chlorophyll (bleaching)

Damage to photosynthetic pigment- protein complexes

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)

All the above

A

All the above

95
Q

In photo protection, Anthocyanin does NOT have the following function:

Question options:

Decreases red light absorption by antenna

Absorbs red and blue light to protect chlorophyll

Anti-oxidant

A

Absorbs red and blue light to protect chlorophyll

96
Q

Under very strong light, you will probably see chloroplasts moving to

Question options:

be evenly distributed in the cells

vacuole

cell walls

A

cell walls

97
Q

Which of the following will result in photoinhibition:

Question options:

Heat

Cold

Water stress

All the above

A

All the above

98
Q

The xanthophyll cycle. Under strong light, the xanthophyll will

Question options:

Change from V to A and Z forms

Change from Z to A and V forms

No change

A

Change from V to A and Z forms?

99
Q

Efficient xylem water transport and a high transpiration rate can cool down the leaf to avoid or minimize heat and photodamage.

Question options:
True
False

A

true

100
Q

For the same species, the leaves developed under the sun will tend to have a thinner palisade cell layer compared to leaves developed in the shade.

Question options:
True
False

A

false

101
Q

A possible reason for some trees to produce anthocyanin (red leaves) right before dropping their leaves in the fall is:

Question options:

To drop leaves faster

To increase photosynthetic rates

To protect the nutrient recycling process

To avoid water loss

A

To protect the nutrient recycling process

102
Q

Plant growth is:

Question options:

Changes that occur in a plant during its life cycle

Changes in structure and function in responding to environmental stresses

The irreversible, quantitative increase in size, mass, and/or volume of a plant or its parts

Changes in physiology over the seasons

A

The irreversible, quantitative increase in size, mass, and/or volume of a plant or its parts

103
Q

Plant development is:

Question options:

Changes in structure and function in responding to environmental stresses

Changes that occur in a plant during its life cycle

The irreversible, quantitative increase in size, mass, and/or volume of a plant or its parts

Changes in physiology over the seasons

A

Changes that occur in a plant during its life cycle

104
Q

Plant growth and development is regulated by:

Question options:

Intrinsic mechanisms

Extrinsic factors

Both A and B

None of the above

A

Both A and B

105
Q

What happens during plant embryogenesis:

Question options:

Since cell transformed into a multicellular entity

Polarity is established

Establishment of apical meristems

Specialization of cells

All the above

A

All the above

106
Q

Meristem is a population of perpetually diving, undifferentiated cells that give rise to all the differentiated tissue in the plant body.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

107
Q

Auxin is related to the regulation of:

Question options:

Polarity of embryo/seedling

Apical dominance: Shape of plant crowns

Fruit development

Leaf abscission

All the above

A

All the above

108
Q

Auxin can only be produced in young leaves.

Question options:
True
False

A

false

109
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a function of Auxin:

Question options:

Keeps apical dominance

Regulates development of fruit

Promotes stomatal opening

Promotes cell differentiation in pro cambium

A

Promotes stomatal opening

110
Q

For the experiment of Paal in 1919, the seedling (in the dark) will grow towards:

Left

Right

No bending or curvature

I do not know

A

Right

111
Q

In the roots, an increase in Auxin will

Question options:

Increase cell growth

Decrease cell growth

Have no effect on cell growth

I do not know

A

Decrease cell growth?

112
Q

In the shoots, an increase in Auxin will

Question options:

Decrease cell growth

Increase cell growth

Have no effect in growth

Not sure

A

Increase cell growth

113
Q

Cell expansion is driven by

Question options:

Turgor

Tension

A

Turgor

114
Q

Plant meristems do NOT include:

Question options:

Apical meristem

Lateral meristem- Cambium

Root meristem

Xylem meristem

A

Xylem meristem

115
Q

Apical meristem does NOT give rise to:

Question options:

fine roots

flowers

stems

leaves

A

fine roots

116
Q

Higher tree growth rate could be related to:

Question options:

larger vessel diameter

higher hydraulic conductivity

lower vessel density

All the above

A

All the above

117
Q

Which of the following hormone is related to gravitropism (sensing of gravity):

Question options:

Auxin

Gibberellin

Cytokinin

Abscisic acid

A

Auxin

118
Q

Auxin can be produced in:

Question options:

Meristems

Developing fruits

Wounded tissue

All the above

None of the above

A

All the above

119
Q

Auxin transported from leaf blade prevents the abscission of the leaf.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

120
Q

Cambium (lateral meristem) gives rise to

Question options:

xylem

phloem

both xylem and phloem

bark

A

both xylem and phloem?

121
Q

The cytoskeleton and cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall control the shape of the cells during cell expansion.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

122
Q

Which TWO are the MOST important environmental cues for plant phenology and flowering?

Question options:

Photoperiod and temperature

Soil fertility and rainfall

Photoperiod and soil moisture

Temperature and rainfall

A

Photoperiod and temperature

123
Q

The adaptive significance of plant phenology includes:

Question options:

Coordination of vegetative and reproductive strategies

Avoid predictable stress or disturbance

Make sure to complete life cycle within the growing season

All the above

A

All the above

124
Q

Three major steps in flowering do NOT include:

Question options:

Reproduction process leading to a new seed

Flower initiation

Flower termination

Flower development

A

Flower termination

125
Q

Phenology is the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events, and how these are influenced by seasonal and inter annual variations in climate.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

126
Q

Plants that initiates flowers when ready, regardless of the photoperiod are called:

Question options:

Day neutral plants

Long day plants

Short day plants

A

Day neutral plants

127
Q

Competency is regarded as a plant is ready to flower, and it involves a shift from the Juvenile to Mature stage.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

128
Q

For a long day plant, a night break will result in:

Question options:

Flowering

No flowering

Not sure

A

Flowering

129
Q

For a short day plant, night break will result in:

Question options:

Flowering

No flowering

Not sure

A

No flowering

130
Q

A long day (short night) plant is supposed to flower with long days, but it flowers when you supply it with short day (8hrs) and short night (8 hrs). This suggests it is the day or night that matters for plant flowering?

Question options:

Day

Night

A

Night

131
Q

For temperate plants like apples, flowering (flower initiation) usually starts in the early spring.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

132
Q

For a short day plant, interruption of the dark period by a brief light treatment (night break) will result in:

Question options:

No flowering

Flowering

Not sure

A

No flowering

133
Q

What environmental signal(s) can stomata of angiosperms sense?

Question options:

Blue light

CO2 concentration

Air Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD)

All the above

A

All the above

134
Q

In stomatal opening, which ones describes the right order of these processes:

Question options:

K+ diffuses into the guard cells→ Increased turgor pressure and cell walls expand→ Activation of H+ATPase→ Water flux into the guard cells

Increased turgor pressure and cell walls expand→ Activation of H+ATPase→ K+ diffuses into the guard cells→Water flux into the guard cells

Activation of H+ATPase→ K+ diffuses into the guard cells→Water flux into the guard cells→ Increased turgor pressure and cell walls expand

A

Activation of H+ATPase→ K+ diffuses into the guard cells→Water flux into the guard cells→ Increased turgor pressure and cell walls expand

135
Q

Guard cell of the stomata contain chloroplasts.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

136
Q

True or False. An increase in leaf ABA (abscisic acid) will cause stomata to open.

Question options:
True
False

A

False

137
Q

Angiosperms have active stomatal regulations.

Question options:
True
False

A

True

138
Q

Lycopodium DO NOT have passive stomatal regulation.

Question options:
True
False

A

False

139
Q

Wrong way response is seen in which of the followings?

Question options:

Seeded plants

Not seeded plants

None of the above

A

Seeded plants

140
Q

Novel mechanisms for conserving water:

Question options:

Reversible transfusion tissues

Reversible collapse of minor veins

Stomatal regulation

All the above

A

All the above

141
Q

Arrangement of stomata follows specific pattern in which of the following?

Question options:

Monocots

Dicots

Both Monocots and Dicots

None of the above

A

Monocots?

142
Q

What are the basic functions of the roots, stems, and
leaves?
* What is the function of the parenchyma tissue in the
cortex and pith?
* What is the function of the endodermis (Casparian
strips) in roots?
* Why some tropical trees develop buttress (wall-like)
roots?
* What is the difference between palisade and spongy
mesophyll in terms of structure and function?
* Why different cells have different cell wall structure?

A
143
Q

What are the major physiological processes in a
plant?
* For each process, what are the structural
parts(features) related to the specific
function/physiology?

A
144
Q

Why plants need water?

A

A medium sized tree requires upwards of 100 Ga
(380Liter) of water each day.
1) Substrate for photosynthesis and
other metabolic processes
2) Cooling
3) Diffusional losses during uptake
of CO 2 (no semipermeable diffusion
barrier)
4) Solvent
5) maintain turgor
6) Transport medium (for nutrients

plant physiology (1 decks)

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