quizzes Flashcards
1
Q
Principles in Plant Physiology. Which of the following is FALSE?
Question options:
Plants are shaping the environment
Morphology and Physiology are linked
Plants are dynamic biological systems
Plants are facing a lot of challenges
Optimizing all functions are possible in plants
A
Optimizing all functions are possible in plants
2
Q
Three major tissue systems make up the plant bodies do NOT include:
Question options:
Support tissue
Vascular tissue
Dermal tissue
Ground tissue
A
Support tissue
3
Q
Thick, dense, and compact leaves usually have high photosynthetic rate compared to thin, less dense, less compact leaves.
Question options:
True
False
A
false
4
Q
The function of above ground buttress (wall-like) roots in tropical trees is:
Question options:
To provide more surface area for water and nutrient uptake
To have more xylem for water uptake
To physically support the tree
To stop animal moving and attacking trees
A
To physically support the tree
5
Q
Which one of the following is NOT a Function of stems?
Question options:
Exclude unwanted nutrients
Transport water and sugar
Support leaves
Elevate reproductive structures
Communication between leaves and roots
A
Exclude unwanted nutrients
6
Q
What is the function of the Casparian strips in roots?
Question options:
Exclude unwanted nutrients
Physical support
Water transports
Has no function
A
Exclude unwanted nutrients
7
Q
What is the major function of the parenchyma cells in the cortex and pith?
Question options:
Support
Storage
Photosynthesis
Transport
A
Storage
8
Q
Why the leaf spongy mesophyll tissue has a lot of air spaces?
Question options:
To save energy from having more cells
To allow carbon dioxide to diffuse quickly
To facilitate light penetration
To allow water storage
A
To allow carbon dioxide to diffuse quickly
9
Q
Why the leaf palisade mesophyll tissue has a compact columnar arrangement?
Question options:
To maximize light interception
To have more cells for photosynthesis
To have more cells for sugar storage
To use the space more effectively
A
To maximize light interception
10
Q
The major function of a Thick plant cell wall in xylem conduit and fiber cells is:
Question options:
Communication
Water storage
Protecting cell membrane
Physical support
A
Physical support
11
Q
The guard cells of the stomata usually do NOT have chloroplasts.
Question options:
True
False
A
False
12
Q
Which one of the following is NOT a major function of having chloroplasts in guard cells?
Question options:
To increase leaf photosynthetic rate
Regulating stomatal openness based on sugar produced in photosynthesis
sensing the light
Providing energy for the active stomatal opening/ closure through photosynthesis
A
To increase leaf photosynthetic rate
13
Q
Which of the following is a FALSE comparison between the xylem and phloem:
Question options:
Xylem vessels are usually larger than phloem sieve tubes
Water is “pulled” through the xylem; sugar solutions are “pushed” through the phloem
Xylem supplies water to the leaves; phloem transports food from leaves to the rest of the plant
Xylem cells are are at risk of exploding from high positive pressure; phloem cells do not fail
A
Xylem cells are at risk of exploding from high positive pressure; phloem cells do not fail
14
Q
Physiological processes are usually not linked with each other.
Question options:
True
False
A
False
15
Q
Which one of the following is not a Macronutrient element of plants?
Question options:
K
P
Fe
N
A
Fe
16
Q
Plant growth is limited by the resource in highest supply relative to plant needs.
Question options:
True
False
A
False
17
Q
Why do vascular plants have to ‘pull hard’ to bring water from the soil to the leaves?
Question options:
Moving water through the ‘pipes’ of the xylem creates frictional resistance that the plants must overcome.
Plants must lift the water against gravity
Water is held by capillarity in the spaces between soil particles and plants must overcome this force to get the water out of the soil.
All of the above
A
All of the above
18
Q
Which one is the major source of plant dry biomass accumulation through photosynthesis
Question options:
Air
Light
Soil
Fertilizer
A
Air
19
Q
Which one of the following is NOT a regular step of scientific research in modern science?
Question options:
Formulate a question
Develop hypotheses
Design experiments
Observe and record data
Analyses
Share results
None of the above
A
None of the above
20
Q
Which one of the following is the best scientific hypotheses:
Question options:
Crops will not be influenced by changes in rainfall patterns
Warming will decrease photosynthesis of wild blueberry plants in Maine because they are adapted to cool temperatures
Plants can not adapt to climate change quickly because the climate change is too fast nowdays
Temperate trees have slow responses to climate change
A
Warming will decrease photosynthesis of wild blueberry plants in Maine because they are adapted to cool temperatures
21
Q
Which one of the following is NOT correct regarding a scientific hypotheses:
Question options:
For a hypotheses to be a scientific hypotheses, the scientific method requires that one can test it.
The hypotheses should be based on current knowledge, and logical reasoning.
A scientific hypotheses should be specific so one can design an experiment to test it.
A scientific hypotheses could be a simple predictions without any background informations.
A
A scientific hypotheses could be a simple predictions without any background informations.
22
Q
Environmental stress is defined as any environmental conditions that prevents the plant from achieving its full genetic potential
Question options:
True
False
A
True
23
Q
Which one of the following causes the most economic losses of agriculture systems in the US?
Question options:
Flooding
Freezing
Drought
Drought and Heat
Salinity
A
Drought and Heat
24
Q
Anthropogenic global climate change includes:
Question options:
Warming
Elevated CO2 concentrations
Increasing climate variability
Increasing climate extremes
All of the above
A
All of the above
25
Warming will result in more water deficits (potentially drought effects) in plants because:
Question options:
Warming will increase the water loss of plants and soils
Warming will cause xylem embolism thus plants cannot transport water efficiently
Warming will decrease photosynthesis of plants
Warming will cause plants to wilt
Warming will increase the water loss of plants and soils
26
Which one of the following crop variety is better adapted to drought conditions:
Question options:
It closes stomata partly to save water
It slows down respirations and drought protection under drought
It opens stomata more to have more driving force to uptake water
It stops the uptake of water under drought
It closes stomata partly to save water
27
Which one of the following is NOT a threat to the wild blueberry production in Maine:
Question options:
Increasing summer drought
Increasing spring frosts
Decreased pollinator activity due to increasing spring rainfall
Increasing snow covers
Increasing snow covers
28
Which one of the following is NOT a Negative effect of warming on crops?
Question options:
Increases water loss of plants
Increases evaporation of soils
Increases the length of the growing season of crops
Increases potential heat stress to plants
Increases the length of the growing season of crops?
29
Which one of the following is false regarding solutes, solvents, and solutions:
Question options:
Solutes can move with the solution by mass flow
Solutes tend to distribute evenly in the solvent
Solutes will move from a place with high concentration to a place with low concentration
Water is a non- polar solvent
Water is a non- polar solvent
30
The role of cell membrane does NOT include:
Question options:
Glues cell together
Transports nutrients into the cell
Separates symplast from apoplast
Regulates the movement of solutes in and out of the cell
Glues cell together
31
Which one of the following is NOT a difference between passive and active transport
Question options:
Active transport involves membrane proteins while passive does not
Passive transport moves down gradient while active can move against chemical gradient
ATP is involved in active transport but not in passive transport
Passive transport does not consume energy while active does
Active transport involves membrane proteins while passive does not
32
Passive cross membrane transport does NOT include:
Question options:
Ion pumps
Carrier proteins
Simple diffusion through membranes
Ion channels
Ion pumps
33
The driving force for the secondary active transport is:
Question options:
Heat gradients
Proton (H+) electro- chemical gradients
Direct energy release from ATP
Surface tension
Proton (H+) electro- chemical gradients
34
Which one of the following is TRUE. The Casparian strip:
Question options:
is important in allowing plants to exclude unwanted elements
prevents excess transpiration
is located in the plasma (cell) membrane of the cell
allows plants to take up cations, but not anions
is important in allowing plants to exclude unwanted elements
35
What are the determinant factors of plant water availability?
Question options:
Precipitation
Evaporation
Soil water holding capacity
Competition
All of the above
All of the above
36
About how many percent of the water taken up by the roots is lost by transpiration through stomata?
Question options:
95%
80%
30%
50%
95%
37
The pressure chamber (or "pressure bomb", the equipment that pressurizes a leaf in a chamber and then you observe the sap coming out from the petiole (cut end) is used to measure:
Question options:
The water potential of the leaf
The relative water content of a leaf
The amount of our bubbles on the leaf xylem
The relative humidity inside leaves
The water potential of the leaf
38
Which component of water potential dominates in the plant xylem?
Question options:
ψg- gravitational potential
ψs- osmotic (solute) potential
ψp- pressure potential
ψm- metric potential (adhesive intermolecular forces between the water and the solid)
ψp- pressure potential
39
You have a cell, whose ψs (osmotic potential) is -1.22MPa, and you put it in a solution whose water potential (ψw) is -0.6MPa. Will water enter the cell, leave the cell, or will the cell be at equilibrium (no movement)?
Question options:
Leave
No movement
Enter
I do not know
Enter
40
You have a cell, whose ψs (osmotic potential) is -1.22MPa, and you put it in a solution whose water potential (ψw) is -0.60 MPa. What will the turgor pressure (ψp) of this cell be, at equilibrium. Assume that the ψs does not change.
Question options:
-0.62
-1.22
-0.60
-1.82
-0.62
-0.62
41
Biochar is black carbon produced from biomass sources for the purpose of transforming the biomass carbon into a more stable form.
Question options:
True
False
True
42
In the morning when the leaves of a tree is transpiring, the soil water potential is -0.5 MPa, stem water potential is -1.0 MPa, which one of the following is the most possible leaf water potential?
Question options:
-0.8 MPa
-1.5 MPa
2 MPa
-5 MPa
-1.0 MPa
-1.5 MPa
43
The physical driving force of the long distance water transport in plants is
Question options:
A gradient in relative humidity
Gravity
A water potential gradient from the soil to the atmosphere
A temperature gradient from the soil to the atmosphere
A water potential gradient from the soil to the atmosphere
44
Water moves in the xylem according to the ---------- theory.
Question options:
Root pressure
Surface tension
Transpiration
Pulling force
Cohesion tension
Cohesion tension
45
After cutting a branch with leaves and flowers from a tree, why is it better to recut the stem under water for keeping longer?
Question options:
To remove damaged stem tissues
To remove the vessels/conduits blocked by excluded sugars
To shorten the water transport pathway
To remove embolized vessels/conduits
To remove embolized vessels/conduits
46
Why grape vines have narrow stems but can supply water to lots of leaves?
Question options:
They have short water transport pathway
Their leaves do not use a lot of water
They have bigger xylem vessels
They have a lot of xylem vessels
They have bigger xylem vessels
47
Which of the following environmental stress will cause xylem embolism?
Question options:
Drought
Freeze-thaw
Chilling
Both drought and freeze-thaw
Both drought and freeze-thaw
48
Molecular forces between water molecules would allow them to support a tension as high as 100 MPa (allow water to be transported under tension).
Question options:
True
False
True
49
Cavitation in xylem conduits is when water under tension expands to the vapor phase, forming an "air embolism".
Question options:
True
False
True
50
Some plants can also use positive pressures (e.g. root pressure) to transport water.
Question options:
True
False
True
51
Plants have to pull hard to get water because they have to:
Question options:
Lift water against gravity
Overcome the frictional resistance of moving water through the plant
Pull water from the soil
All of the above
All of the above
52
Which one of the following is NOT a technique to detect xylem cavitation:
Question options:
Cryo- SEM (scanning electron microscope)
Pressure chamber
Optical scanning of the leaf using a scanner
Micro- CT
Pressure chamber?
53
For the same driving force (pressure gradient) the volume flow rate through a tube is proportional to the 4th power of the radius (Poiseuille flow).
Question options:
True
False
true
54
The hydraulic conductivity of a stem can be measured by measuring flow rate driving by a known pressure gradient.
Question options:
True
False
true
55
Which of the following is NOT a way of fixing atmospheric N2.
Question options:
Meteorological (Lightning)
Root respiration
Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae)
Industrial processes (Production of N fertilizers)
Symbionts (Legumes + Rhizobium bacteria)
Root respiration
56
How plant roots can actively exchange useful cations from soil particles?
Question options:
Transpiration
Diffusion
Cation exchange
Nutrient Interception
Cation exchange
57
Because there are a lots of N2 (Nitrogen) in the atmosphere, N is not a limiting resource for plant growth.
Question options:
True
False
false
58
Mineral nutrition is the study of how plants obtain and use mineral nutrients.
Question options:
True
False
true
59
Soil nutrient acquisition pathways include:
Question options:
Mass flow
Diffusion
Root interception
All above
All above
60
Nutrient acquisition beyond the roots includes:
Question options:
Symbioses
Atmospheric deposition
Internal nutrient recycling
Carnivory
All the above
All the above
61
Mycorrhizal fungi can help plants to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere.
Question options:
True
False
false
62
Within the chloroplast, the photosynthetic light reaction happens in:
Question options:
Outer envelope
Stroma lamella
Thylakoid membranes
Stroma
Thylakoid membranes
63
Most of dry mass of a plant comes from the nutrients and carbon that it absorbs from the soil
Question options:
True
False
False
64
Most plant leaves look green because:
Question options:
Leaves mainly use green light for photosynthesis
Leaves transmit most green light
Leaves mainly use red and blue lights for photosynthesis and thus reflect most green light
Leaves absorb most green light
Leaves mainly use red and blue lights for photosynthesis and thus reflect most green light
65
A photon of blue light has more energy than red light. (Hint: Lower wavelength means higher energy; Red light has higher wavelength than the blue light)
Question options:
True
False
True
66
About how many percent of the suns energy output is converted to carbohydrates by plants through photosynthesis? (Hint: think about the efficiency of photosynthesis: heat loss, photorespiration, light reflectance etc)
Question options:
20%
40%
60%
4%
4%
67
Plant photosynthetic light reactions release oxygen as a byproduct.
Question options:
True
False
True
68
Light Harvesting Complexes (LHC) pass energy to reaction centers in plant photosynthetic light reactions.
Question options:
True
False
True
69
The final products of the photosynthetic light reaction is:
Question options:
ATP and NADPH
ADP and NADPH
ATP and NADP+
ADP and NADP+
ATP and NADPH
70
Which one of the following powers the ATP synthase complex in the photosynthetic light reaction:
Question options:
Light
ATP
NADPH
H+ gradient
H+ gradient
71
The photosystem II (P680) mainly harvests and uses far red light.
Question options:
True
False
False
72
In Plant photosynthesis, water splitting happens in:
Question options:
PS II
Stroma
Cytochrome
PS I
PS II
73
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Question options:
the enzyme responsible for fixing CO2 in the first step of Calvin Cycle, is specific to CO2 only.
The photosynthetic dark reaction is not necessary in plants because the light reaction can fix energy from the light.
Most of dry mass of a plant comes from he nutrients and carbon that it absorbs from the soil.
Plant oxygenic photosynthesis uses water as an electron donor.
Plant oxygenic photosynthesis uses water as an electron donor.
74
Within the chloroplast, the photosynthetic dark reaction happens in
Question options:
Thylakoid membrance
Stroma
Outer envelope
Inner envelope
Stroma
75
Which one of the following is NOT a reason why plants need the dark reaction to convert ATP to sugars for storage?
Question options:
Light reaction can not produce enough energy
Other organs (rather than leaves) need energy too
Plants need energy sources during the night and unfavorable seasons
ATP and NADPH are unstable
Light reaction can not produce enough energy
76
Which one of the following is NOT a step of the Calvin cycle?
Question options:
Photorespiration
Carboxylation
Regeneration
Reduction
Photorespiration
77
Which step (s) of the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) need(s) ATP input?
Question options:
Second and the third step
First and the second step
Second step
First step
Third step
Second and the third step
78
Out of the SIX G3P (three carbon sugars) produced in the second step of the Calvin cycle, how many of the G3P are exported?
Question options:
3
4
6
2
5
1
1
79
Which one of the following is NOT true regarding photorespiration:
Question options:
It is not temperature dependent
Rubisco works as an oxygenase
It consumes ATP and NADPH
It produces 2-PG (2- phosphopglycolate)
It is not temperature dependent
80
Which one of the following is a C4 plant?
Question options:
Maple tree
Blueberry
Maize
Cactus
Tomato
Maize
81
CAM photosynthesis is a ------------ separation of the light and dark reactions:
Question options:
No separation
Spatial
Both temporal and spatial
Temporal
Temporal
82
In terms of the structure of a tree trunk or stem, the phloem tissue is at the ----------------- location of the xylem tissue.
Question options:
can be inside or outside
mixed
inside
outside
outside
83
The direction of water flow between xylem and phloem in source during sugar loading is:
Question options:
from phloem to xylem
from xylem to phloem
both ways
no flow
from xylem to phloem
84
There is a sieve tube element with water potential of -1.0MPa, and. osmotic potential of -1.4 MPa, what is the turgor pressure:
Question options:
2.4 MPa
-2.4 MPa
0.4 MPa
-0.4 MPa
0.4 MPa
85
The direction of water flow between xylem and phloem in the source during sugar loading is:
Question options:
from xylem to phloem
from phloem to xylem
not sure
both way
from xylem to phloem
86
The direction of water flow between xylem and phloem in the sink during sugar unloading is:
Question options:
from xylem to phloem
from phloem to xylem
both way
not sure
from phloem to xylem
87
The sieve tube cells do not have:
Question options:
plastids
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
plasma membrane
vacuole
vacuole
88
In terms of sugar loading strategies/mechanisms: a tropical canopy tree with very high photosynthetic rates most likely has:
Question options:
passive loading (diffusion)
active loading
polymer trapping
passive loading (diffusion)
89
In active phloem loading, sucrose is loaded by:
Question options:
proton- sucrose antiport
proton pump
proton- sucrose symport
ATPase
proton- sucrose symport
90
In sugar loading of polymer trapping, sucrose diffuse from the mesophyll cell to the companion cell through
Question options:
pits
channel protein
proton- sucrose symport
plasmodesmata
plasmodesmata
91
Which one of the following is NOT involved in generating the driving force for phloem sugar transport:
Question options:
sugar diffuse from higher turgor sieve cells to those with lower turgor
increase in turgor pressure in sieve tubes
water enters sieve tubes
accumulation of sugars in sieve tubes
sugar diffuse from higher turgor sieve cells to those with lower turgor ?
92
Compared to the leaves in the shade, the leaves in the sun (from the same species) tend to be:
Question options:
Not sure
Thinner
The same
Thicker
Thicker
93
You are measuring the CO2 assimilation (or CO2 uptake) of a leaf in the dark (PPFD = 0), the measured CO2 assimilation value will be:
Question options:
Zero
Positive
Negative
Can be negative or positive
Negative?
94
Excess light absorption of a leaf can result in:
Question options:
Heat damage
Destruction of chlorophyll (bleaching)
Damage to photosynthetic pigment- protein complexes
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
All the above
All the above
95
In photo protection, Anthocyanin does NOT have the following function:
Question options:
Decreases red light absorption by antenna
Absorbs red and blue light to protect chlorophyll
Anti-oxidant
Absorbs red and blue light to protect chlorophyll
96
Under very strong light, you will probably see chloroplasts moving to
Question options:
be evenly distributed in the cells
vacuole
cell walls
cell walls
97
Which of the following will result in photoinhibition:
Question options:
Heat
Cold
Water stress
All the above
All the above
98
The xanthophyll cycle. Under strong light, the xanthophyll will
Question options:
Change from V to A and Z forms
Change from Z to A and V forms
No change
Change from V to A and Z forms?
99
Efficient xylem water transport and a high transpiration rate can cool down the leaf to avoid or minimize heat and photodamage.
Question options:
True
False
true
100
For the same species, the leaves developed under the sun will tend to have a thinner palisade cell layer compared to leaves developed in the shade.
Question options:
True
False
false
101
A possible reason for some trees to produce anthocyanin (red leaves) right before dropping their leaves in the fall is:
Question options:
To drop leaves faster
To increase photosynthetic rates
To protect the nutrient recycling process
To avoid water loss
To protect the nutrient recycling process
102
Plant growth is:
Question options:
Changes that occur in a plant during its life cycle
Changes in structure and function in responding to environmental stresses
The irreversible, quantitative increase in size, mass, and/or volume of a plant or its parts
Changes in physiology over the seasons
The irreversible, quantitative increase in size, mass, and/or volume of a plant or its parts
103
Plant development is:
Question options:
Changes in structure and function in responding to environmental stresses
Changes that occur in a plant during its life cycle
The irreversible, quantitative increase in size, mass, and/or volume of a plant or its parts
Changes in physiology over the seasons
Changes that occur in a plant during its life cycle
104
Plant growth and development is regulated by:
Question options:
Intrinsic mechanisms
Extrinsic factors
Both A and B
None of the above
Both A and B
105
What happens during plant embryogenesis:
Question options:
Since cell transformed into a multicellular entity
Polarity is established
Establishment of apical meristems
Specialization of cells
All the above
All the above
106
Meristem is a population of perpetually diving, undifferentiated cells that give rise to all the differentiated tissue in the plant body.
Question options:
True
False
True
107
Auxin is related to the regulation of:
Question options:
Polarity of embryo/seedling
Apical dominance: Shape of plant crowns
Fruit development
Leaf abscission
All the above
All the above
108
Auxin can only be produced in young leaves.
Question options:
True
False
false
109
Which one of the following is NOT a function of Auxin:
Question options:
Keeps apical dominance
Regulates development of fruit
Promotes stomatal opening
Promotes cell differentiation in pro cambium
Promotes stomatal opening
110
For the experiment of Paal in 1919, the seedling (in the dark) will grow towards:
Left
Right
No bending or curvature
I do not know
Right
111
In the roots, an increase in Auxin will
Question options:
Increase cell growth
Decrease cell growth
Have no effect on cell growth
I do not know
Decrease cell growth?
112
In the shoots, an increase in Auxin will
Question options:
Decrease cell growth
Increase cell growth
Have no effect in growth
Not sure
Increase cell growth
113
Cell expansion is driven by
Question options:
Turgor
Tension
Turgor
114
Plant meristems do NOT include:
Question options:
Apical meristem
Lateral meristem- Cambium
Root meristem
Xylem meristem
Xylem meristem
115
Apical meristem does NOT give rise to:
Question options:
fine roots
flowers
stems
leaves
fine roots
116
Higher tree growth rate could be related to:
Question options:
larger vessel diameter
higher hydraulic conductivity
lower vessel density
All the above
All the above
117
Which of the following hormone is related to gravitropism (sensing of gravity):
Question options:
Auxin
Gibberellin
Cytokinin
Abscisic acid
Auxin
118
Auxin can be produced in:
Question options:
Meristems
Developing fruits
Wounded tissue
All the above
None of the above
All the above
119
Auxin transported from leaf blade prevents the abscission of the leaf.
Question options:
True
False
True
120
Cambium (lateral meristem) gives rise to
Question options:
xylem
phloem
both xylem and phloem
bark
both xylem and phloem?
121
The cytoskeleton and cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall control the shape of the cells during cell expansion.
Question options:
True
False
True
122
Which TWO are the MOST important environmental cues for plant phenology and flowering?
Question options:
Photoperiod and temperature
Soil fertility and rainfall
Photoperiod and soil moisture
Temperature and rainfall
Photoperiod and temperature
123
The adaptive significance of plant phenology includes:
Question options:
Coordination of vegetative and reproductive strategies
Avoid predictable stress or disturbance
Make sure to complete life cycle within the growing season
All the above
All the above
124
Three major steps in flowering do NOT include:
Question options:
Reproduction process leading to a new seed
Flower initiation
Flower termination
Flower development
Flower termination
125
Phenology is the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events, and how these are influenced by seasonal and inter annual variations in climate.
Question options:
True
False
True
126
Plants that initiates flowers when ready, regardless of the photoperiod are called:
Question options:
Day neutral plants
Long day plants
Short day plants
Day neutral plants
127
Competency is regarded as a plant is ready to flower, and it involves a shift from the Juvenile to Mature stage.
Question options:
True
False
True
128
For a long day plant, a night break will result in:
Question options:
Flowering
No flowering
Not sure
Flowering
129
For a short day plant, night break will result in:
Question options:
Flowering
No flowering
Not sure
No flowering
130
A long day (short night) plant is supposed to flower with long days, but it flowers when you supply it with short day (8hrs) and short night (8 hrs). This suggests it is the day or night that matters for plant flowering?
Question options:
Day
Night
Night
131
For temperate plants like apples, flowering (flower initiation) usually starts in the early spring.
Question options:
True
False
True
132
For a short day plant, interruption of the dark period by a brief light treatment (night break) will result in:
Question options:
No flowering
Flowering
Not sure
No flowering
133
What environmental signal(s) can stomata of angiosperms sense?
Question options:
Blue light
CO2 concentration
Air Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD)
All the above
All the above
134
In stomatal opening, which ones describes the right order of these processes:
Question options:
K+ diffuses into the guard cells→ Increased turgor pressure and cell walls expand→ Activation of H+ATPase→ Water flux into the guard cells
Increased turgor pressure and cell walls expand→ Activation of H+ATPase→ K+ diffuses into the guard cells→Water flux into the guard cells
Activation of H+ATPase→ K+ diffuses into the guard cells→Water flux into the guard cells→ Increased turgor pressure and cell walls expand
Activation of H+ATPase→ K+ diffuses into the guard cells→Water flux into the guard cells→ Increased turgor pressure and cell walls expand
135
Guard cell of the stomata contain chloroplasts.
Question options:
True
False
True
136
True or False. An increase in leaf ABA (abscisic acid) will cause stomata to open.
Question options:
True
False
False
137
Angiosperms have active stomatal regulations.
Question options:
True
False
True
138
Lycopodium DO NOT have passive stomatal regulation.
Question options:
True
False
False
139
Wrong way response is seen in which of the followings?
Question options:
Seeded plants
Not seeded plants
None of the above
Seeded plants
140
Novel mechanisms for conserving water:
Question options:
Reversible transfusion tissues
Reversible collapse of minor veins
Stomatal regulation
All the above
All the above
141
Arrangement of stomata follows specific pattern in which of the following?
Question options:
Monocots
Dicots
Both Monocots and Dicots
None of the above
Monocots?
142
What are the basic functions of the roots, stems, and
leaves?
* What is the function of the parenchyma tissue in the
cortex and pith?
* What is the function of the endodermis (Casparian
strips) in roots?
* Why some tropical trees develop buttress (wall-like)
roots?
* What is the difference between palisade and spongy
mesophyll in terms of structure and function?
* Why different cells have different cell wall structure?
143
What are the major physiological processes in a
plant?
* For each process, what are the structural
parts(features) related to the specific
function/physiology?
144
Why plants need water?
A medium sized tree requires upwards of 100 Ga
(380Liter) of water each day.
1) Substrate for photosynthesis and
other metabolic processes
2) Cooling
3) Diffusional losses during uptake
of CO 2 (no semipermeable diffusion
barrier)
4) Solvent
5) maintain turgor
6) Transport medium (for nutrients
