Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following statements is false for Neutrophils?

a. Neutrophils are phagocytes and granulocytes.
b. Neutrophils are usually the most abundant white blood cell (WBC) in peripheral blood.
c. Neutrophils are usually the least abundant white blood cell (WBC) in peripheral blood.
d. Neutrophils can produce reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI).

Answer 1

c. Neutrophils are usually the least abundant white blood cell (WBC) in peripheral blood.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity?

a. High specificity
b. Recognition of molecular patterns common across pathogens
c. Lack of memory
d. Low specificity

Answer 2

a. High specificity

Question 3

The Cluster of Differentiation marker “CD34” is the major marker for what type of cell?

a. Mature Neutrophils.
b. Haematopoietic Stem Cells.
c. Macrophages.
d. Mature eosinophils.

Answer 3

b. Haematopoietic Stem Cells.

Question 4

The spleen and lymph nodes are important secondary lymphoid organs and host several immune activities involving different cell types. Whilst the spleen and lymph nodes have some immune activities in common, there are important differences between their roles in the immune system. Which of the following occurs in the spleen but NOT in lymph nodes?

a. Antigen trapping, processing, and presentation to T helper (Th) cells.
b. Trapping of antigens in the circulatory system (blood).
c. Trapping of antigens in the lymphatic system.
d. Activation of B cells by activated T helper (Th) cells

Answer 4

b. Trapping of antigens in the circulatory system (blood).

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes the classical complement pathway effector function?
a. Phagocytosis only.
b. To induce T cell proliferation.
c. Opsonisation only.
d. Opsonisation, lysis, and inflammation.

Answer 5

d. Opsonisation, lysis, and inflammation.

Question 6

Which of the innate immune cells below are not phagocytic?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Neutrophils
c. Dendritic cells
d. Macrophages

Answer 6

a. Lymphocytes

Question 7

Which type of cell can release granules containing histamine as a mediator of inflammation?
a. Mast cells.
b. Monocytes.
c. Dendritic cells.
d. Epithelial cells.

Answer 7

a. Mast cells.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true for antimicrobial peptides (AMP)?
a. Antimicrobial peptides enhance phagocytosis.
b. Antimicrobial peptides preferentially bind eukaryotic membranes.
c. Antimicrobial peptides include the cathelicidin and defensin families.
d. Antimicrobial peptides are negatively-charged short polypeptides.

Answer 8

c. Antimicrobial peptides include the cathelicidin and defensin families.

Question 9

A complement component that is common to all complement pathways is…
a. Mannose binding lectin (MBL)
b. C3
c. C1q
d. C1r

Answer 9

b. C3

Question 10

Which complement pathway becomes activated by spontaneous hydrolysis of C3?
a. Classical
b. Alternative
c. Lectin
d. Both Lectin and Alternative

Answer 10

b. Alternative

Question 11

Which of following is a haematopoietic growth factor?
a. HGF (hepatocyte growth factor)
b. EGF (epidermal growth factor)
c. GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)

Answer 11

c. GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)

Question 12

Which of the options below best completes the following statement: MALT, GALT, BALT are aggregates of cells in the ……
a. Lymph nodes, liver and spleen.
b. Lamina propria.
c. Bone marrow.
d. Gastrointestinal tract only.

Answer 12

b. Lamina propria.

Question 13

Which of the options below best completes the following statement: Eosinophils ……
a. Can function as an antigen presenting cell.
b. Efficiently kill antibody-coated parasites.
c. Are detected in all vertebrates and are largely conserved for morphology and general function.
d. All answers are correct.

Answer 13

d. All answers are correct.

Question 14

Epithelial cells play important roles in the first line of defence in response to a pathogen. Which of the following is NOT a feature of epithelial cells?
a. Epithelial cells can produces mucins.
b. Epithelial cells can produce cytokines and chemokines.
c. Epithelial cells are renewed from haematopoietic stem cells.
d. Epithelial cells possess motile cilia that trap and sweep away microbes.

Answer 14

c. Epithelial cells are renewed from haematopoietic stem cells.

Question 15

Which of the options below best completes the following statement: Innate immune cells rapidly recognise pathogen antigens……
a. Directly via invariant (non-specific) receptors and/or antigen presentation.
b. Only after pathogen antigens are presented by an antigen presenting cell via specific receptors.
c. As part of the third line of defence that involves specific (acquired) immunity.
d. Only in secondary lymphoid organs, such as the lymph nodes, liver and spleen.

Answer 15

a. Directly via invariant (non-specific) receptors and/or antigen presentation.