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hema 2 lec > QUIZZES > Flashcards

QUIZZES Flashcards

1
Q

The following etiologies of hemolytic anemia (HA) are considered acquired extrinsic conditions, except:

a. condition in which there is a defect in the enzyme involved in the glycolytic pathway

b. patient with prosthetic heart valve

c. presence of cold antibody

d. condition that exposes erythrocytes to extreme temperatures

A

a. condition in which there is a defect in the enzyme involved in the glycolytic pathway

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2
Q

The following etiologies of hemolytic anemia (HA) are considered acquired extrinsic conditions, except:

a. condition in which there is a defect in the enzyme involved in the glycolytic pathway

b. patient with prosthetic heart valve

c. presence of cold antibody

d. condition that exposes erythrocytes to extreme temperatures

A

a. condition in which there is a defect in the enzyme involved in the glycolytic pathway

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3
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes acute hemolysis, except?

a. rapid onset

b. example of acute hemolysis is HTR (hemolytic transfusion reaction)

c. bone marrow can well compensate for the insult

d. may be episodic and/or isolated

A

c. bone marrow can well compensate for the insult

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4
Q

The following are correct regarding the measurement of CBC with patients with significant hemoglobinuria, except?

a. hemoglobin level determination is not affected

b. routine CBC are still reliable even in the presence of significant hemoglobinuria

c. MCHC and MCH are greatly affected

d. All choices are correct

A

a. hemoglobin level determination is not affected

b. routine CBC are still reliable even in the presence of significant hemoglobinuria

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5
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes the development of anemia in cases of hemolytic anemia (HA), except?

a. in healthy individuals, aged RBCs are removed extravascularly in the spleen

b. normal removal of senescent/damaged RBCs occurs predominantly in intravascularly

c. levels of haptoglobin and hemopexin are not usually affected during extravascular hemolysis

d. when the quantity of the RBCs that are prematurely removed in the circulation exceeds RBC formation, anemia develops

A

b. normal removal of senescent/damaged RBCs occurs predominantly in intravascularly

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6
Q

The following laboratory results are observed during intravascular hemolysis, except?

a. Increased LD2

b. Hemosiderinuria

c. Increased fecal and urobilinogen

d. Positive for urine bilirubin

A

d. Positive for urine bilirubin

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7
Q

What is the expected level of haptoglobin and hemopexin in cases of increased intravascular hemolysis?

A

decreased haptoglobin, decreased hemopexin levels

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8
Q

Which of the following test provides a good indication of bone marrow compensation via accelerated erythropoiesis?

a. Reticulocyte count

b. Lactate dehydrogenase activity

c. All of the choices are correct

d. Glycated hemoglobin levels

A

a. Reticulocyte count

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9
Q

The following statements correctly describe hereditary spherocytosis, except?

a. deficiency of 1 of the five proteins leads to the depletion of ATP levels

b. defect in SPTA1 and SPB leads to abnormal spectrin protein

c. spherocytic cells pass through splenic sinusoids with ease thus resulting in splenic trapping

d. RBCs in HS have decreased surface area to volume ratio, thus assuming a spherical shape

A

c. spherocytic cells pass through splenic sinusoids with ease thus resulting in splenic trapping

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10
Q

The following statements correctly describe H. pyropoikilocytosis, except?

a. increased level of Ca and Na intracellularly

b. there is a presence of membrane loss and rigidity thus affecting RBC deformability

c. H. pyropoikilocytosis cells fragment at 45-46C

d. Normal cells usually fragment at 120.2F

A

a. increased level of Ca and Na intracellularly

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11
Q

The following statements correctly describe H. stomatocytosis, except?

a. increased permeability to Na and K resulting in an influx of water to the cell

b. Also called OHS

c. absence or defect in band 7 “stomatin”

d. increased permeability to Na and K resulting in the efflux of water from the cell

A

d. increased permeability to Na and K resulting in the efflux of water from the cell

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12
Q

The following statements correctly describe H. xerocytosis, except?

a. Increased OFT

b. there is a presence of greater efflux of K than influx of Na

c. Decreased MCV, Increased MCHC

d. peripheral blood shows (+) of stomatocytes, target cells

A

a. Increased OFT

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13
Q

The following are the clinical manifestations of abetalipoproteinemia, except?

a. mental retardation

b. presence of acanthocytes in peripheral blood smear

c. ataxia

d. retinitis pigmentosa

A

b. presence of acanthocytes in peripheral blood smear

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14
Q

What is the expected level of NADPH and amount of flouresence in G6PD deficient individuals?

a. No decreased NADPH

b. Absent to decreased fluorescence

c. Increased fluorescence

d. Increased NADPH

A

a. No decreased NADPH

b. Absent to decreased fluorescence

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15
Q

A case of a 50-year-old female patient presenting with proteinuria, corneal opacity and anemia. Which of the following laboratory results correlates with your diagnosis?

a. decreased apo A-I, A-II, and B

b. Normocytic, Normochromic anemia

c. marked decrease in HDL-cholesterol

A

a. decreased apo A-I, A-II, and B

b. Normocytic, Normochromic anemia

c. marked decrease in HDL-cholesterol

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16
Q

Two sisters, named Len-len 9 y.o. and Sarah G 15 years old, have been under the care of Dr. Kim Pang in the OPD of Baby M hematology clinic since birth due to hemolytic anemia of unknown etiology. The older sister has been transfused 67 times due to prominent anemia with jaundice. At the age of 9, she underwent partial splenectomy, after which the frequency of transfusions could be reduced, but only transiently. The second sister presents similar clinical features of severe hemolytic anemia. He has been hospitalized 21 times for packed RBC transfusions. What are the expected laboratory results for this case?

a. DAT positive

b. OFT normal

c. Increased serum indirect bilirubin

d. Variable hemoglobin levels

e. PBS with variable levels of poikilocytosis

A

b. OFT normal

c. Increased serum indirect bilirubin

d. Variable hemoglobin levels

e. PBS with variable levels of poikilocytosis

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17
Q

A 4 year and 9-month-old boy with a history of hyperbilirubinemia during the newborn period with no apparent cause, no family history of hemolytic anemia or parental consanguinity. He presented a prolonged neonatal jaundice and severe anemia requiring RBC transfusion. An intake of Dingdong crackers 48 h prior to the onset of symptoms was reported. In which of the following diseases is the patient partly resistant?

a. HIV infection

b. Plasmodium infection

c. Dengue infection

d. Babesia infection

A

b. Plasmodium infection

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18
Q

The following hemolytic anemias require treatment, except?

a. HS
b. OHS
c. HE
d. DHS

A

HE

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19
Q

A vasospastic disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other extremities

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

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20
Q

The following statements are true about Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria:

a. caused by binding of the Donath-Landsteiner Ab to the patient’s RBC

b. all of the above

c. Occurs following exposure to cold temperature

d. Autoantibody is IgG

A

b. all of the above

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21
Q

What does a positive Coomb’s test mean?

A

Presence of antibodies directed to own RBC antigens

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22
Q

Clinical presentation of Hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

a. Anemia

b. Kernicterus

c. Jaundice

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23
Q

The following statements are true regarding alpha-methyldopa mechanism

a. A and B are correct

b. IAT negative

c. Drug interacts with RBC and induces the release of immunogenic epitopes that elicit an immune response

d. DAT negative for Anti-C3

A

c. Drug interacts with RBC and induces the release of immunogenic epitopes that elicit an immune response

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24
Q

T or F: Immediate type of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn causes Intravascular Hemolysis

A

True

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25
Q

laboratory findings in Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)

A

a. Macrocytic anemia

b. Leukocytosis

c. Hyperbilirubinemia

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26
Q

T or F: Delayed type of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn causes Extravascular Hemolysis

A

True

27
Q

Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria DAT result

A

Anti-C3 = positive

Anti-IgG = negative

28
Q

Serologic test used to detect the presence of a biphasic hemolysin and used to diagnose Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

A

Donath-Lansteiner test (DL)

29
Q

What cytoplasmic inclusions are clues to a diagnosis of myeloid leukemia?

A

MYELOID LEUKEMIA = AUER ROD

30
Q

A child was born with a condition that has left him weak, bruise a lot, and prone to infection. He just wants a normal life and to play with his friends. A bone marrow smear revealed a blast cell proportion greater than 20%. Given this data what could you say or offer to the child and the family?

A

Advise them that there are some leukemias that are curable and tell them to not lose hope.

Tell them that genetic testing should be great next step in finding out whether the prognosis is good.

Show compassion and kindness when drawing blood.

31
Q

Lymphomas usually affect the?

A

Lymph nodes

32
Q

What is the most important criteria for diagnosing Leukemia?

A

Diagnosis via Genetic/Molecular studies

33
Q

A patient was diagnosed with leukemia, The hematologist said that there is hope for a cure. What Leukemia can be attributed to having a cure?

A

PML-RARA

34
Q

The best way to identify the type of leukemia is to:

A

Identify the molecular/ genetic abnormality

35
Q

A child had an onset of fatigue and frequent infections, a CBC revealed an increase in white blood cells with the PBS showing some large cells with pleomorphic nuclei.

What is the minimum required percentage of blasts for leukemia?

A

20%

36
Q

An increase in cell death during chemotherapy leads to spurious increases in uric acid. This condition is aptly named?

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

37
Q

Faggot cells are can be seen in myeloid leukemias. These cells are filled with what inclusions?

A

Auer rods

38
Q

A child has been diagnosed with PML-RARA, There is a drug that induces the differentiation of malignant cells.

This drug is?

A

ATRA

39
Q

This stains lipids within immature myeloid cells

A

Sudan Black

40
Q

A patient presented with unexplained weight loss, persistent fever and night sweats. These symptoms are what we call _______ in Leukemia.

A

B- SymptomS

41
Q

The PBS of a patient diagnosed with leukemia revealed a lot of smudged cells, what could be the specific type of leukemia?

A

CLL

42
Q

The smears of the patient revealed atypical lymphocytes with a soccer-ball-like nucleus. What could be the condition?

A

CLL

43
Q

The attending physician said to a patient that he might have CLL, what criteria must be fulfilled before a diagnosis is attained?

A

5 X 10^9 cells/L of circulating B lymphocytes for more than 3 months

44
Q

B cells in CLL express these antigens:

A

CD 5,19,20

45
Q

The most indolent of B-Cell leukemias that have ragged cytoplasmic protrusions is aptly named?

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

46
Q

Some viruses can cause leukemic changes within cells, one example of these viruses is?

A

HTLV-1

HIV

Hepatitis B virus

47
Q

A lymph node biopsy was done revealing a starry-star pattern, with the stars being the tingible body macrophages. What prior viral infection could have caused this?

A

HIV

48
Q

All of the following are signs and symptoms of TTP except:

a. hemolytic anemia

b. fever

c. renal dysfunction

d. thrombocytosis

A

d. thrombocytosis

49
Q

What is the appropriate treatment for Upshaw-Schulmann Syndrome?

A

fresh frozen plasma infusion

50
Q

all of the following are signs and symptoms of HUS except:

a. hemolytic anemia

b. none of the above

c. thrombocytopenia

d. neurologic dysfunction

A

d. neurologic dysfunction

51
Q

It is characterized by widespread activation of the hemostatic system, resulting in fibrin formation throughout the blood vessels.

A

DIC

52
Q

What are the most common plasmodium species that infect humans?

A

P. falciparum and P. vivax

53
Q

all of the following are the laboratory findings in malarial infection except?

a. none of the above

b. increased glucose

c. metabolic acidosis

d. intravascular hemolysis

A

b. increased glucose

54
Q

direct injury to RBC in Babesiosis is caused by?

A

merozoite release

55
Q

Also known as Carrion disease

A

Bartonellosis

56
Q

What is the Serotype of E. coli that causes HUS?

A

O157:H7

57
Q

It is characterized by eruption of skin lesions and warts on the extremities, face and trunk.

A

verruga peruana

58
Q

typical laboratory findings in TTP and HUS include:

A

schistocytosis and thrombocytopenia

59
Q

Which of the following laboratory test results are abnormal in HELLP syndrome but not in DIC?

A

AST

60
Q

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is characterized by:

A

Schistocytes and nucleated RBCs

61
Q

Which of the following is pyropoikilocytosis associated with?

a. All of the above

b. Thermal injury

c. Aplastic anemia

d. Beta thalassemia

A

b. Thermal injury

62
Q

Intravascular hemolysis associated with infection by malaria organisms is due to the:

A

Release of merozoites from erythrocytes

63
Q

Which of the following tests will distinguish DIC from other microangiopathies?

a. Prolonged PT/APTT

b. Increased D-dimer level

c. Presence of schistocytes

d. Increased fibrinogen

A

b. Increased D-dimer level

64
Q

Which of the following is/are correct regarding Traumatic Cardiac Hemolytic anemia?

a. Red blood cells are fragmented

b. Cause is unknown

c. Presence of thrombocytopenia

d. Causes Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia

A

a. Red blood cells are fragmented

hema 2 lec (1 decks)

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