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Ultrasound OBGYN 3 > Quizlet Questions > Flashcards

Quizlet Questions Flashcards

1
Q

T/F US Appearance for CAM is a cystic looking structure in the fetal chest

A

True

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2
Q

What is a defect in spine due to lack of fusion of two halves of the vertebral arch?

A

Spins bifida

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3
Q

Which form of spins bifida involves protrusion of only the meninges?

A

Meningocele

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4
Q

What is the most common location for meningocele and meningomyocele?

A

Lumbar sacral area

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5
Q

What is the most common location for cystic hygroma?

A

Posterior portion of the neck

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6
Q

What is a common type of hydrocephalus?

A

Arnold Chiari Malformation

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7
Q

Banana sign, lemon sign, dilation of lateral ventricles, batwing sign, partial absence of CSP, are all US appearance signs for?

A

Arnold Chiari Malformation

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8
Q

5% of Choroid Plexus Cysts are associated with which Trisomy?

A

Trisomy 18

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9
Q

Bilateral Cyst that may be transient and resolve by the end of the second trimester are called what?

A

Choroid plexus cysts

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10
Q

Failure of prosencephalon (forebrain) to divide into double lobes of cerebral hemispheres is a definition of what?

A

Holoprosencephaly

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11
Q

What are the 3 kinds of holoprosencephaly?

A

Alobar
Semilobar
Lobar

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12
Q

Caused by incomplete cleavage of prosencephalon, horseshoe shaped, and thalami are fused are all signs for?

A

Holoprosencephally

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13
Q

Nearly complete separation of the cerebral hemispheres is the US appearance for which form of holoprosencephaly?

A

Lobar

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14
Q

A single horseshoe shaped ventricle is the US sign for which type of holosencephaly?

A

Alobar

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15
Q

Which form of holoprosencephaly is associated with cleft palate and has the occipital love present?

A

Semilobar

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16
Q

What is thought to be caused by bilateral blockage of internal carotid arteries?

A

Hydranencephaly

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17
Q

What is something that anencephaly, cephalocele, diaphragmatic hernia,, fetal hydrops, fetal skeletal, dysplasias, thanatophoric dysplasia, neural tube defects, and genitourinary tract, anomalies all have in common?

A

They are associated with polyhydramnios

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18
Q

Absence of cerebral hemispheres and overlying skull and scalp is the definition of?

A

Anencephaly

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19
Q

At what week are we able to see anencephaly, and with which probe?

A

9-10, transvag

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20
Q

What is the most common congenital anomaly of the CNS, is more common in females than males, and is common in areas of the world where spina bifida is common?

A

Anencephaly

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21
Q

Cranial vault absence, intracranial contents absence, orbits and face present, bulging eyes, short neck, and polyhydramnios are the US appearances for?

A

Anencephaly

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22
Q

What has a poor prognosis and may be caused by intrathoracic masses, abdominal masses, oligohydramnios, and small thorax related to skeletal dysplasia?

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

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23
Q

What may cause amputation of digits, occurs when amnion ruptures and wraps around the fetal structures, and may entangle or wrap around fetal structures?

A

Amniotic band syndrome

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24
Q

What has a 50%-80% chance of mortality due to pulmonary hypoplasia, may be associated with other congenital anomalies, and is caused by improperly fused or formed diaphragm?

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

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25
Q

With which disease do bowel and abdominal organs herniate into the thoracic cavity?

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

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26
Q

What is a rare defect in the abdominal wall where the heart protrudes through the extrathoracic sac and is covered by skin or membrane?

A

ectopic cordis

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27
Q

What are three aka’s for dandy walker malformation?

A

Dandy walker cyst, dandy walker syndrome, dandy walker variant

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28
Q

What is a congenital brain malformation that is characterized by formation of cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of posterior fossa?

A

Dandy walker

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29
Q

What is thought to be the result of obstruction of foramina and Luschka and Magendie?

A

Dandy walker

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30
Q

Cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle, dilated third ventricle, variable dilation of lateral ventricles, and cerebellar lobes split apart and are abnormal in shape are the US appearances for?

A

Dandy walker

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31
Q

At waht level of the brain should dandy walker be imaged?

A

at the cerebellum

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32
Q

What is an abnormal development of the cartilage and bones?

A

skeletal dysplasia

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33
Q

The bones may be _____, _____, _____, _____, with skeletal dysplasia?

A

Shortened
Deformed
Thinned
Absent

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34
Q

T/F skeletal dysplasias are associated with oligohydramnios

A

False, they are associated with poly

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35
Q

Which short-limb skeletal dysplasia is defined to be shortening of proximal extremity?

A

rhizomelia

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36
Q

Which short-limb skeletal dysplasia is defined to be middle limb segment shortening

A

mesomelia

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37
Q

With rhizomelia, which extremities and shortened?

A

humerus, femur

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38
Q

With mesomelian which extremities are shortened?

A

radius, ulna, tibia, fibula

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39
Q

Which short-limb skeletal dysplasia is defined as distal extremity shortening?

A

acromelia

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40
Q

Which short-limb skeletal dysplasia is defined as shortening of the entire extremity?

A

micromelia

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41
Q

With acromelia, which extremities are shortened?

A

phalanges and metacarpals

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42
Q

Which skeletal dysplasia is the most common, lethal has severely flattened vertebral bodies, extreme rhizo and micromelia, bowed long bones, and narrow thorax with protruding abdomen?

A

Thanatophoric dysplasia

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43
Q

Macrocephaly with protruding forehead, horseshoe kidney and cloverleaf skull abnormalities associated with?

A

Thanatophoric dysplasia

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44
Q

What is the NL measurement for the placenta?

45
Q

A thickened placenta may measure at what?

46
Q

What is lack of adequate communication between duodenum and stomach?

A

duodenal atresia

47
Q

Half of cases of duodenal atresia are associated with what 3 things?

A

VACTERL, Bowel malrotation, Trisomy 21

48
Q

The double bubble sign is associated with?

A

Duodenal atresia

49
Q

What occurs in male fetuses, results when thing leaflets obstruct fetal urethral and features an enlarged bladder, thickened bladder wall, oligohydramnios and dilated ureters?

50
Q

The keyhole appearances is associated with?

51
Q

What is the most common cause for fetal hydronephrosis?

52
Q

When the renal pelvis is dilated > 8mm, what can we expected to see?

A

hydronephrosis

53
Q

What is an AKA for omphalocele?

A

exomphalos

54
Q

What is herniation of abdominal contents into base of the umbilical cord located at the midline, covered by amnion/ peritoneal sac and can be associated with GI tract and cardiac anomalies 29-66% of the time?

A

omphalocele

55
Q

What is less serious than omphalocele usually to the right of the midline and involves herniation of the viscera through a fissure of the midline?

A

gastroschisis

56
Q

A hypoechoic ring around the abdominal wall that represents the muscles of the abdominal wall would be a sign of?

A

pseudoascites

57
Q

What is a congenital defect of abdominal wall that develops over the bladder, may cause a lack of visualization of the bladder and an echogenic mass protruding from the abdominal wall in close association with abdominal arteries?

A

Bladder extrophy

58
Q

What are two types of diaphragmatic hernias?

A

Morgagni and Bochdalek

59
Q

Where is bochdalek hernia located?

A

Posterolateral to the left

60
Q

Where is morgagni hernia located?

A

anterior to the diaphragm

61
Q

A cysts within the brain would be?

A

Choroid plexus cyst

62
Q

What is a bony defect in calvarium, with herniation of brain and/ or meninges that may occur in the occipital region, frontal, or parietal and associated with polyhydramnios?

A

cephalocele

63
Q

What is an AKA for a cephalocele that includes brain matter?

A

encephalocele

64
Q

T/F hydrocephalus is present with cephalocele?

65
Q

Deficient abdominal musculature, cryptorchidism, and GU tract anomaly (PUV) are all part of what?

A

Prune belly triad

66
Q

Distended fetal abdomen with wrinkled appearance would be the definition for?

A

Prune belly triad

67
Q

What which disease would the thalami be fused?

A

holoprosencephaly

68
Q

What two things could cause the fetal heart to displace to the right?

A

diaphragmatic hernia and situs inversus

69
Q

What disease may not manifest until the end of the 2nd trimester?

A

skeletal dysplasia

70
Q

WHat does the LS ratio determine?

A

Lung maturity

71
Q

What is a small head whose AC measures greater than 3 standard deviations below normal that is caused by trisomies, uterine infections, and exposure to environmental teratogens and can be associated with mental retardation?

A

microcephaly

72
Q

Inadequate RhoGAM dosage could be the cause for?

A

possible maternal sensitization

73
Q

An adequate dose of RhoGram within 72 hours of delivery of RH+ baby would prevent?

A

maternal sensitization

74
Q

At which week of pregnancy could RhoGAM be given?

75
Q

Which treatment must be replaced with each pregnancy, miscarriage, and abortion, amniocentesis, and chorionic villi sampling?

76
Q

Erythroblastosis Fetalis is aka?

A

RH disease

77
Q

What is caused by an incompatibility between the blood of mother and fetus, and causes jaundice, anemia, brain damage, heart failure and death in the fetus?

A

Immune related hydrops

78
Q

The most severe form of fetal hemolytic disease is called?

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

79
Q

What is the most common tumor in the neonate that is made up from all 3 germ layers and is seen as a mass extending from the sacrum?

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

80
Q

T/F a sacrococcygeal teratoma is always benign

A

False, it can be either benign or Malignant

81
Q

T/F a sacrococcygeal teratoma is associated with the spine?

82
Q

WHat does PUV stand for?

A

Posterior urethral valves

83
Q

What do pulmonary hypoplasia, bilateral renal agenesis, PUV infantile polycystic kidney disease, and club foot all have in common?

A

They’re all associated with oligohydramnios

84
Q

Abnormalities of the fetal thorax is associated with?

A

Fetal hydrops

85
Q

Pleural effusion can be associated wit?

A

fetal Hydrops

86
Q

Fetal ascites may be associated with?

A

fetal hydrops

87
Q

What is an excessive accumulation of clear, watery fluid in any of the tissues or cavities of the body; synonymous, according to its character and location, with ascites, anasarca, edema, etc?

A

fetal hydrops

88
Q

what are the two types of fetal hydrops?

A

immune and non-immune

89
Q

A thickened placenta, polyhydramnios, fetal skin, edema, pleural effusion, scalp, edema, etc are all US signs for?

A

Fetal hydrops

90
Q

What is the most common cause for immune related hydrops?

A

RH disease (erythroblastosis fetalis)

91
Q

Which form of hydrops can be caused by over 40 conditions?

A

non-immune

92
Q

What is an AKA for hydrocephalus?

A

Ventriculomegaly

93
Q

Abnormal increase in fluid in cerebral ventricles is the definition for?

A

hydrocephalus

94
Q

Aqueductal stenosis, communicating hydrocephalus, and over production of CSF are classification for?

A

hydrocephalus

95
Q

Turtle sign is the sign for?

A

male fetus

96
Q

Failure of lip fusion prior to 35 days from conception is defined to be what?

A

facial clefts

97
Q

What is an inherited disorder production or secretion of collagen, that is associated with bones that can be fractured or deformed easily, and possible stillbirth due to cranial fracture?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

98
Q

Which form of osteogenesis imperfecta is the most lethal?

99
Q

What form of osteogenesis imperfecta is the mildest form/

100
Q

Which limb abnormality would someone have if they have more than 5 fingers or toes?

A

polydactyl

101
Q

Polydactyl is associated with which trisomies?

A

13, 18, and 21

102
Q

What does VACTERL stand for?

A 
vertebral
anal
cardiac
tracheoesophageal
renal
limb
103
Q

Who is VACTERL common in?

A

diabetic mothers

104
Q

Over 20 cm range for AFI would be considered what?

A

Polyhydramnios

105
Q

Less than 5cm for an AFI range would be considered what?

A

Oligohydramnios

106
Q

Thalami, and CSP are landmarks for?

107
Q

THe fetal stomach, 3 ossifications of the spine and the portal vein are the 3 landmarks for what?

108
Q

What is a rare, lethal autosomal recessive or sporadic rare disease in which shortening and bowing of long bones of legs, narrow chest, large calcarium with small face and hypoplastic scapula are involved?

A

campomelic dysplasia

109
Q

Champagne cork appearance is associated with?

A

Thanatophoric dysplasia

Ultrasound OBGYN 3 (3 decks)

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