Quizes 1-12 Flashcards
1
Q
Homeostasis means…
A
Maintenance of a stable internal environment
2
Q
Which of the following would pertain to physiology?
A.) Lori is studying identification of the bones of the axial skeleton.
B.) John is studying to find out why the law of partial pressures causes gas exchange in the lungs
C.) Karah is studying the location of various organs in their respective cavities.
D.)Derek is studying the structures of the heart.
A
B.) John is studying to find out why the law of partial pressures causes gas exchange in the lungs
3
Q
Which of the following is an example of a macromolecules? A.) Electron B.) Mitochondria C.) Water D.) Carbohydrate
A
D.) Carbohydrate
4
Q
A sagittal section divides the body into…
A
Right and Left Portions
5
Q
The characteristic of life that attributes to removal of wastes produced by metabolic processes is…
A
excretion
6
Q
The main use of oxygen in the body is to…
A
Release energy from food substances
7
Q
Your ears are____________ to your nose.
A
Lateral
8
Q
The study of the structure and function of tissues is…
A
histology
9
Q
Which of the following would not be a covered by visceral peritoneum? A.) Heart B.) Stomach C.) Intestines D.) Liver
A
A.) Heart
10
Q
A system is defined as a group of ______________ that function together?
A
organs
11
Q
Towards the front…
A
Anterior/Ventral
12
Q
Closer to the trunk of reference point…
A
Proximal
13
Q
Situated near the surface…
A
Superficial
14
Q
Section that divides the body into superior and inferior portions…
A
Transverse
15
Q
Section that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions…
A
Coronal
16
Q
Oxygen is used to release _______________.
A
Energy
17
Q
The _______________ system is composed of the brain and spinal cord; functioning to receive, interpret and respond to stimuli.
A
Nervous
18
Q
___________ means a body part is above another part, or closer to the head.
A
Superior
19
Q
_______________ is the characteristic of life that means the ability to react to either an external or internal stimulus (change).
A
Responsive
20
Q
The portion of the body that contains the head, neck, and trunk is called the ________ portion.
A
Axial
21
Q
If potassium has an atomic number of 19 and an atomic mass of 39, how many neutrons will be in the nucleus of a stable atom?
A
20
22
Q
CO2+H2O->H2CO3 is an example of which type of chemical reaction?
A
Synthesis reaction
23
Q
In which type of bond are electrons transferred from one atom to another?
A
Ionic bonds
24
Q
The second electron shell can hold a maximum of ____ electrons.
A
8
25
If a triglyceride were digested, it would break down into glycerol and...
Three fatty acid chains
26
Which of the following is FALSE about carbohydrates?
A.)They contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
B.)The ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen is many, many Hydrogen per Oxygen
C.) They are composed of saccharides
D.)None of the above
B.) The ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen is many, many hydrogen per Oxygen.
27
```
Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
A.)C10H22O11
B.)CH3cooh
C.)C57H110O6
D.)H2SO4
```
A.)
28
```
Which of the following is a component of an individual nucleotide?
A.) Phosphate group
B.) Sugar group
C.) Nitrogenous base
D.) All of the Above
```
D.) All of the Above
29
Glycogen is a type of ________ and is a storage form of sugar.
Polysaccharides
30
```
Which of the following are the four most abundant bulk elements in the human body?
A.)Sodium, potassium, calcium, iron
B.)Sodium, Carbon, Nitrogen, oxygen
C.)Carbon, hydrogen, iron, sodium
D.)Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
```
D.) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
31
In chemical reactions, the formulas on the right side of the equation are...
Products
32
A solution with a pH of 9.56 is considered to be ___________.
Basic
33
Phospolipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails which means...
The heads a water loving and the tails are water fearing.
34
Substance in which all atoms of a molecule are the same...
Element
35
Substance in which atoms within a molecule are different...
Compound
36
Anything that has weight (mass) and takes up space...
Matter
37
A positively charged ion...
Cation
38
A negatively charged ion...
Anion
39
Ionic bond are one which atoms (share/transfer) electrons.
Transfer
40
Subatomic particles that are positively charged and have a weight unit are called (electrons, neutrons, protons).
Protons
41
What catabolic process breaks polysaccharides down to monosaccharides?
Hydrolysis
42
All of the chemical changes or reactions that occur within the body are collectively known as...
Metabolism
43
Assimilation can be partially contributed to by...
Acr B
44
A peptide bond is formed by a bond between ______, and it holds _______________ together.
C and N atoms; amino acids
45
What occurs if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
The cell will swell and may eventually burst.
46
What characteristic is shared by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Both involve the movement of a substance from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration without cellular energy.
47
In what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell prior to separation?
metaphase
48
```
Which of the following provides the best model to illustrate the way an enzyme interacts with another molecule?
A.)Lock and Key
B.)Rolling Wheel
C.)Reflecting Light Beam
D.)Bouncing ball
```
A.) Lock and Key
49
An active cell movement in which the cell engulfs a solid particle from its surroundings is...
phagocytosis
50
The part of a solution that substances are dissolved into is called
Solvent
51
Organelles responsible for ATP production...
Mitochondria
52
Organelles containing digestive enzymes; primarily in the liver...
Peroxisomes
53
Organelles responsible for protein synthesis...
Ribosomes
54
Organelles that store, modify and package proteins for the cell...
Golgi Apparatus
55
Formed from the membranes of other organelles, acts as packaging...
Vesicles
56
A totally unspecialized cell, that can become any type of cell, is called a ________ cell.
Stem
57
_________ is a molecule that carries energy in a form that a cells can use.
ATP
58
The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell replicates all of the necessary components for mitosis and preforms the essential functions of the cell is called ___________.
Interphase
59
Co factors and co enzymes are chemicals that bind with ______________ in order to make their shape fit the substrates that they will interact with.
Enzymes
60
A solution that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids is called _____________.
Isotonic
61
Which layer of the dermis is innervated, highly vascular and has sensory receptors?
Papillary Layer
62
Which layer of the epidermis consists of a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis, is the deepest layer and includes pigment-producing melanocytes?
Stratum Basale
63
Which part of the nail under gose mitosis?
Lunula
64
Which of the following is true concerning epithelial tissues?
A.)They are usually avascular
B.)Their deep surface is bound to a basement membrane
C.) They have a high mitotic rate (particularly in the deeper layers)
D.) All of the above
D.) All of the Above
65
```
Methods for cooling the body (heat loss) include...
A.)Radiation
B.) Evaporation
C.) Conduction
D.)All of the above
```
D.) All of the Above
66
A person with a low concentration of oxygenated blood has a skin condition known as...
Cyanosis
67
Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands...
A.) In terms of what is secreted.
B.)In their location in the body.
C.) Because sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles, whereas sweat glands are not.
D.) All of the Above
D.) All of the above
68
A hair is distinguished from a hair follicle by...
Being composed of dead epidermal cells, whereas a hair follicle is composed of living epidermal cells.
69
In what area of the body would you find stratum lucidum?
Soles of your feet, your lips, palms of your hands
70
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about skin coloration?
A.) Cyanosis turns the skin blue due to low oxygen levels
B.)Jaundice turns the skin yellow due to increased bile levels in blood
C.) Erythemia is redness of the skin
D.) All of the Above
D.) All of the Above
71
In which type of burn or frostbite would the seat glands, blood vessels and verves be the most damaged?
Third Degree
72
When a cut extends into the dermis, the cells that form the new tissue to hold the edges of the wound together are...
Fibroblasts
73
The cells of the skin that reproduce are in the...
Stratum Basale
74
The glands usually associated with hair follicules are ____________ glands.
Sebaceous
75
Lumen of blood vessel decreases in diameter...
Vasoconstriction
76
Lumen of blood vesssel increases in diameter...
Vasodialation
77
Heat loss from dermal blood vessels...
Radiation
78
Heat loss through sweat being lost into the air...
Evaporation
79
Heat loss through contact with a cool surface...
Conduction
80
Heat loss from skin to air...
Convection
81
```
Which of the following is a facial bone?
A.)Maxilla
B.) Occipital
C.)Parietal
D.)Sphenoid
```
A.) Maxilla
82
Which skeletal structue is an opening through a bone in which blood vessels and verves may pass?
Foramen
83
What is a tube-like passageway within a bone?
Meatus
84
Which skeletal structures is a rounded process that usually articulates with another bone?
Condyle
85
The ends of a long bone are...
Epiphyses
86
Deficient amount of Vitamin D that occur in childhood could lead to a condition called?
Rickets
87
The only movable bone of the skull is the...
Mandible
88
```
Which of the following is true of synovial joints?
A.)Diarthrotic
B.)Amphiarthrotic
C.)Synarthrotic
D.)It depends on the specific joint
```
A.) Diarthrotic
89
The Presents of an epiphyseal disk indicates that...
The bone length is increasing
90
```
Which of these bone in the body only has 1?
A.) Femur
B.) Vomer
C.) Vertebra
D.) Rib
E.) Lower Limb
```
Vomer
91
```
Which of these bones has two located in the body?
A.) Femur
B.) Vomer
C.) Vertebra
D.) Rib
E.) Lower Limb
```
Femur
92
```
Which of these bones have 24 located in the body?
A.) Femur
B.) Vomer
C.) Vertebra
D.) Rib
E.) Lower Limb
```
Rib
93
```
Which of these bones have 60 located in the body?
A.) Femur
B.) Vomer
C.) Vertebra
D.) Rib
E.) Lower Limb
```
Lower Limbs
94
```
Which of there bones have 26 located in the body?
A.) Femur
B.) Vomer
C.) Vertebra
D.) Rib
E.) Lower Limb
```
Vertebra
95
Palms facing anteriorly; anatomical position
Supination
96
Moving a body part away from midline
Abduction
97
Decreases angle; e.g. bend elbow
Flexion
98
Moving a body part towards the midline
Adduction
99
Increasing angle; e.g straighten elbow
Extension
100
Palms facing posteriorly
Pronation
101
The cytoplamic extension of a neuron that carries impulses to the cell body is called a(n)..
Dendrite
102
Which of the following is true about resting membrane?
Na+ levels are high outside the cell
103
The white lipoprotein substance that covers the axons providing insulation and speeding nerve impulses is called?
mylin
104
The nervous system is composed of...
The Brain and Spinal cord, 12 pairs of crainial nerves, and 31 pair of spinal nerves.
105
Gaps in the myelin sheath at intervals along the axon are called what?
Nodes of Ranvier
106
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is ___________mV.
-70 mV
107
The cells that conduct impulses toward the CNS are called?
Sensory neurons
108
Which of the following is an integrative function of the nervous system?
D.) All of the Above
109
Which neurotransmitter is associated with Parkinson's Disease?
Dopamine
110
A neuron with multiple cytoplasmic extention off of its cell body are classified as...
Multipolar
111
Produce myelin in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
112
Produce myelin in the PNS
Schwann Cells
113
Mop up excess K+; produce blood-brain barrier
Astrocytes
114
Phagocytic Cells in the CNS
Microglia
115
Lines the central canal of the spinal cord and ventriclers of the brain; produces cerebrosprinal fluid.
Ependymal Cells
116
Chemicals released by neurons that allow communication are called _____________________.
Neurotransmitters
117
A point where two nerve cells communicated with one another is called a(n) ____________.
Synapse
118
When sodium gated channels result is the cell voltage moving from -70 mV to -55 mV (Becoming less negative) the cell is being ____________.
Depolorized
119
Repolarization, returning the cells voltage back to the resting state, occurs when ______ ion gated channels are open adn the ions are moving out of the cell.
K+
120
An action potential will occur only if the __________ stimulus is reached.
Threshold
121
The membrane closest to the brain is the...
Pia mater
122
The _________ is the tapered end of the spinal cord.
Conus Medullaris
123
Which type of spinal reflex will inhibit lifting of the contralateral (opposite) leg while ipsilateral leg is withdrawn?
Crossed extensor refex
124
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for auditory function?
Temporal
125
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for vision?
Occipital
126
Which structure divides the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres?
Longitudinal Fissure
127
Which component of a reflex arc is typically comprised of interneurons?
Center (CNS)
128
The largest portion of the brain is the ___________.
Cerebrum
129
___________ is a white, insulating, lipoprotein found around certain neuronal processes.
Mylin
130
A ______________ is the part of a reflex arc that collects or detects the stimulus.
Receptor
131
The sense of smell is transmitted by the ___________ nerve.
Olfactory
132
```
Which of the following nerves does not play a role in movement of the eyes?
A.) Trochlear
B.) Oculomotor
C.)Optic
D.)Abducens
```
Optic
133
What is the name for cranial nerve VI?
Abducens
134
The __________ nerve aids facial expression.
Facial
135
Nerve XI has both a cranial and spinal branch. It is called the ______________ nerve.
Accessory
136
Which nerves receive sensory information from the pharynx, tongue and tonsils; sends motor impulses to the pharynx and salivary glands; and receives information from the baroreceptors of the carotid arteries?
Glossopharyngeal
137
Which nerve transmits impulses to the viscera of the thorax and abdomen?
X
138
```
Which of the following is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve?
A.) Ophthalmic
B.) Maxillary
C.) Vestibular
D.) Mandibular
```
C.) Vestibular
139
Which nerve is responsible for hearing and equilibrium?
Vestibulochochlear
140
Which nerve functions to adjust the amount of light entering the eyes and focusing the lens?
Oculomotor
141
Bio chemicals that affect the function of "target cells' and are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called...
hormones
142
An individual's blood glucose level is climbing and reaching levels above normal homeostatic ranges. Which Hormone would need to be released to return blood glucose levels to normal?
Insulin
143
Which of the following statements is not true about steroid hormones?
A.)They cross the cell membrane
B.)They activate mRNA
C.)They activate adenylate cyclase
D.)They combine with receptors in the nucleus
C.) They activate adenylate cyclase
144
Which hormone stimulates milk production in females after they have given birth?
Prolactin
145
Which endocrine gland secretes parathyroid hormone?
Parathyroid
146
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is the...
Neurohypophosis
147
Which hormone is responsible for development of egg-containing follicles in females and sperm production in males?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
148
Which of the following thyroid hormones would lower blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin
149
Which endocrine gland secretes hormones such as growth hormone, TSH, and oxytocin?
Pituitary gland
150
Which hormone controls your "fight or flight" response?
epinephrine
151
The percentage of packed red blood cells, called a ________________________, is found by centrifuging a blood sample in capillary tube.
Hematocrit
152
Red blood cells do not consume any of the oxygen they transport because they...
Do not have the cellular machinery for aerobic ATP production.
153
Conditions that result in reduced oxygen-carrying capacity are called...
Anemia
154
An erythrocyte is also known as a(n)...
Red blood cell
155
The liquid matrix of blood is referred to as...
Plasma
156
Which plasma protein thickens the blood and makes it sticky?
Albumin
157
What is the correct order for the steps of hemostasis?
Vasoconstriction, Platelet plug formation, blood coagulation
158
Red blood cells survive around ________ days
120
159
When red blood cells are worn out, macrophages in the ___________ and ____________ break them down into heme and globin groups.
Liver & Spleen
160
The fluid connective tissue found within the cardiovascular system is called __________.
Blood
161
Granulocyte; first to arrive at infections; phagocytizes small particles
Neutrophil
162
Granulocyte; kills parasites (worms) and helps control mild allergies.
Eosinophil
163
Granulocyte; releases histamine and heparin
Basophil
164
Agranulocyte; Largest of WBCs: phagocytizes large particle
Monocyte
165
Agranulocyte; provides immunity
Lymphocyte
166
Which structure(s) contain the lowedst amount of oxygen?
Inferior and Superior vena cave
167
During the normal cardiac cycle, the atria contract when they are directly stimulated
SA node
168
What does the electrocardiogram QRS wave indicate is happening in the heart?
The ventricles are depolarizing while the atria repolarize
169
The layer of the heart that forms a smooth, protective linin of the heart chambers and forms valves is the...
Endocardium
170
The _____________ has the thickest wall because it pumps blood to the ____________.
Left ventricle; systemic circuit
171
Systolic pressure is best defined as...
Maximum arterial blood pressure.
172
Cardiac output can be determined by which of the following formulas?
Heart rate times stroke volume
173
Which thype of vessels are primary sites of exchange between the cardiovascular system and body tissues?
Capillaries
174
Which type of lymph nodes would be most affected by respiratory infection?
Cervical lymph nodes
175
Which of the following is not true about the human left lung?
A.) It is raised to make room for the liver
B.) It has two lobes
C.) It has a cardiac notch
D.)The base rests on the diaphragm
A.)Its raised to make room for the liver
176
What are the functional units of the lungs?
alveoli
177
```
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
A.)Olfaction
B.)Vocalization
C.)Protection from pathogens
D.) None of the Above
```
D.) None of the Above
178
Regulation of respiration is primarily under the control of the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups of what part of the brain?
Medulla Oblongata
179
What quality of vocalization is created by the force of the air as it passes the vocal cords?
Intensity
180
What is the common opening from the nasal and oral cavities for both the digestive and respiratory systems?
Pharynx
181
The food that allow the distention of the stomach called...
Rugae
182
What is the correct pathway for flow of bile?
Liver, gallbladder, duedenum
183
What macromolecules has digestion initiated in the mouth?
Carbohydrates
184
Which type of macromolecule does pepsin digest?
Protein
185
The functional unit of a kidney is what?
Nephron
186
What is the correct order of structures through which urin flows after its formation in the nephron?
Calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, uretha.
187
What affect does ADH have on urine output?
Decreases
188
What percentage of your water intake is from drinking?
60%
189
What are two major factors that regulate the movement of water and electrolytes from one fluid compartment to the next?
Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure
190
Which of the following would oppose, or not favor, GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)?
High osmotic pressure
191
What is micturition?
Urination
192
The primary reproductive organ for a male is...
Testis
193
In which female reproductive structure will FSH stimulate production of ova?
Ovary
194
The origin of the 46 chromosomes in the human zygote is...
Half from the sperm and half from the ova
