QuizBowl Flashcards
1
Q
- The title character of a novel by this author, who was explored in detail in an earlier short story titled for being “On Bond Street,” dislikes the religious teacher Doris Kilman. In another novel by this author, Andrew is killed during World War I and Prue dies during childbirth in the experimental (*) “Time Passes” section. In the final section of that novel by this author, Lily Briscoe completes her painting and James gets to visit the title structure. For 10 points, name this author of Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse.
A
ANSWER: Virginia Woolf [or Adeline Virginia Stephen]
2
Q
- A letter to this philosopher was the first to ask if a blind person experienced at touching objects could recognize the objects upon being granted sight. This recipient of the Molyneux (MOHL-in-oo) Problem wrote that properties such as color and texture are “secondary” in a book that denies the existence of (*) “innate ideas.” This author of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding endorsed slavery in his constitution for the Province of Carolina, despite his 1689 defense of natural rights. For 10 points, name this author of the Second Treatise on Government.
A
ANSWER: John Locke
3
Q
- This politician argued for the winning side in the Supreme Court case Van Orden v. Perry, which permitted the display of the Ten Commandments on state property. This governor was criticized over supervision of ERCOT after his state endured a power (*) grid failure in February 2021 following ice storms. This politician was interrupted by his 2022 Democratic challenger, Beto O’Rourke, during a press conference about the Robb Elementary School shooting in Uvalde (yoo-VAL-dee). For 10 points, name this current governor of Texas.
A
ANSWER: Greg Abbott [Gregory Wayne Abbott]
4
Q
- A monarch from this city initiated a process of “gathering lands” under its rule using high-interest loans and thus became known as “Kalitá” (KAH-lit-AH) or “moneybags.” A “Grand Prince” from this city reclaimed autonomy from the Tatars at the Great Stand on the (*) Ugra River. That prince of this city married the former Byzantine princess Zoe Palaiologina (PAIL-ee-oh-LOWG-ee-nah) and promoted the idea of this city as “the third Rome.” A form of the word “Caesar” began to be used in 1547 by the grand princes of this city. For 10 points, name this city where Ivan IV (ee-VAN the fourth) proclaimed himself “tsar.”
A
ANSWER: Moscow [or Grand Duchy of Moscow; do not accept or prompt on “Muscovy”]
5
Q
- After this player was reportedly “blown away” by the Clippers’ free agent pitch, that team signed GM Doc Rivers’s son Austin instead. This player tweeted that he “can’t win a championship with those cats” in the third person, revealing that he used burner accounts. After winning the 2014 MVP, this player gave an emotional speech in which he told his (*) mother, “You the real MVP.” For 10 points, name this current Net and former Thunder player who joined the Golden State Warriors in 2001, where he won two finals MVPs.
A
ANSWER: Kevin Durant [Kevin Wayne Durant]
6
Q
- This lower of the two featured instruments in Mozart’s E-flat sinfonia concertante (sin-FOH-nee-ah kahn-sir-TAHN-tay) is labeled “da braccio” (dah BRAH-choh) in the sixth Brandenburg Concerto. This instrument is usually tuned “C G D A,” unlike a similar instrument called “da gamba.” Parts for this instrument are typical “inner voices” in Classical (*) quartets and are in the alto clef. This instrument is the second most numerous in most orchestras, after another instrument also played on the shoulder. For 10 points, name this bowed instrument pitched between the larger cello and smaller violin.
A
ANSWER: viola [or viola da braccio; do not accept or prompt on “viola da gamba” or “viol”]
7
Q
- Choctaw aid during this event is commemorated by the sculpture Kindred Spirits in Midleton. Charles Trevelyan’s (trev-EL-yin’s) staunch laissez-faire (LAY-zay FAIR) beliefs limited direct aid toward victims of this event. Protestant schools engaging in “Souperism” during this event caused friction with the local population. (*) Coffin ships transported people across the Atlantic away from this event, which pushed Robert Peele to repeal the Corn Laws. A disease known as “blight” led to, for 10 points, what event that depleted the population of a European island in the 1840s?
A
ANSWER: Irish Potato Famine [or Great Famine; or Great Hunger; or an Gorta Mór]
8
Q
- In the Lyman series, this form of radiation is emitted when an electron jumps to a higher energy level in a hydrogen atom. The prediction that a black body would emit an unbounded amount of energy at this radiation’s wavelength is known as its “catastrophe.” A type of spectroscopy (spek-TRAH-skuh-pee) measures absorption in both the (*) visible region and this region of the spectrum. Blacklights emit this form of radiation, which lies just above X-rays on the EM spectrum. For 10 points, name this harmful type of radiation from the sun that sunscreen protects against.
A
ANSWER: ultraviolet [or UV]
9
Q
- The narrator of this book decries men who live like ants, claiming that a man need not “count more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases… add his ten toes” while preaching “Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity!” This book claims that many people “lead lives of quiet (*) desperation.” The main character of this book splits his needs into “Food, Shelter, Clothing, and Fuel” in its opening chapter, “Economy,” while planning to practice a self-sustaining life. For 10 points, name this book about “Life in the Woods” near a pond, by Henry David Thoreau.
A
ANSWER: Walden [Walden: or, Life in the Woods]
10
Q
- TOP10 and DH10B are strains of this organism that are utilized in cloning experiments. The O157:H7 strain of this organism produces Shiga toxin and can cause hemolytic uremic (HEE-moh-lit-ik yoo-REE-mik) syndrome. The majority of urinary tract infections are due to a (*) pathogenic strain of this organism. This non-viral organism was used to study semi-conservative DNA replication by Meselson (MEE-zul-sun) and Stahl. The lac operon (LAK AH-puh-ron) was first characterized in this organism. For 10 points, name this Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause food poisoning.
A
ANSWER: E. coli [Escherichia coli]
11
Q
- In an opera by this composer, a slave girl notes how the title character is “girdled with ice” in the aria (AH-ree-ah) “Tuche di gel sei cinta” (TOO kay dee jel say CHEEN-tah). The Jasmine Flower Song represents the title character of an opera by this composer, which was stopped by Arturo Toscanini (ar-ah-TOO-roh toh-skah-NEE-nee) in Act 3 where this man died writing. A (*) gong is struck three times in an opera by this composer, who wrote an aria sung by a man who answers three riddles and predicts a woman will not know his name, titled “Nessun Dorma” (nay-SOON DOR-mah). For 10 points, name this Italian composer of the China-set opera Turandot (too-RAN-dot).
A
ANSWER: Giacomo Puccini
12
Q
- A speech by this politician told of people begging him “don’t frighten us by telling us the facts.” That speech by this politician posited the “spearhead of resistance to world conquest” as part of the “Arsenal of Democracy.” This man discussed the freedoms of speech and worship, and from (*) want and fear, in his Four Freedoms speech. In his first inaugural address, this President stated, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” For 10 points, name this President who gave the “Day of Infamy” address after Pearl Harbor.
A
ANSWER: Franklin Delano Roosevelt [or FDR; prompt on Roosevelt]
13
Q
- These languages can be grouped by which dorsal consonant starts the word for “hundred” in their centum/satem (KENT-um/SAY-tum) distinction. A reconstructed text demonstrating an extinct form of these languages incorporates these languages’ presumed ancient concern with livestock, wheeled vehicles, and (*) plains. A branch of this language family underwent the Grimm’s Law sound change. Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, and Russian are examples of, for 10 points, what large language family that also includes the Romance languages and Germanic languages such as English?
A
ANSWER: Indo-European languages
14
Q
- This device utilizes a shielding element constructed from Kapton E, and it appears purple due to doped silicon in its outer layers. This device, which is deployed near the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point, is named after the NASA (*) administrator during the Apollo program. The primary component of this device is separated into eighteen hexagonal segments made of gold-plated beryllium. This device works primarily in the infrared (IN-fruh-red).spectrum. For 10 points, name this successor to the Hubble Space Telescope whose first photos were released in July 2022.
A
ANSWER: James Webb Space Telescope [or JWST; prompt on Webb]
15
Q
- A painting from this movement shows American flags hanging along Fifth Avenue in the rain. A painting by an artist from this movement depicts a woman in a striped dress cleaning a smaller person’s feet in a water basin. After moving to Paris, an American artist who was part of this movement painted (*) The Child’s Bath. Louis Leroy gave this movement its name after visiting an exhibition including a sketch-like painting of an orange sunrise. For 10 points, name this 19th-century art movement whose artists included Mary Cassatt and Claude Monet (MOH-nay).
A
ANSWER: Impressionism [or American Impressionism; or The Ten or Ten American Painters before “moving to Paris” is read]
16
Q
- A poem by this author describes someone wondering if a sailing cloud will “hit or miss the moon.” That poem by this author features a dialogue between Warren and Mary about how to help the title character, Silas. This author of “Death of the Hired Man” wrote a poem whose speaker says “I have (*) promises to keep and miles to go before I sleep.” In another poem, this author wrote about a decision that “made all the difference.” For 10 points, name this poet who wrote “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” and “The Road Not Taken.”
A
ANSWER: Robert Frost [Robert Lee Frost]
17
Q
- The product of the principal curvatures at a given point gives a curvature named for this mathematician. Row-reduction is a form of this mathematician’s namesake elimination. This mathematician showed how to use just a straightedge and compass to construct a (*) heptadecagon. The central limit theorem states the sampling distribution of a random variable’s mean approximates a distribution commonly named for this mathematician. For 10 points, identify this German mathematician who names the normal distribution, also known as the bell curve.
A
ANSWER: Carl Friedrich Gauss
18
Q
- An instigating factor for this event was the death of over sixty people in Jaleh (JAH-leh) Square on “Black Friday.” This event ultimately brought to power a man who advocated the Guardianship of the Jurist system. During this event, the SAVAK (SAH-vahk) secret police were dissolved and a man whose ideas were popularized on clandestine (*) cassette tapes returned from exile in Najaf (nah-JAHF). Student supporters of this event stormed an American embassy and took 66 hostages. The Pahlavi (PAH-lah-vee) Dynasty ended in, for 10 points, what 1979 event that brought Ayatollah Khomeini (AI-uh-toh-lah koh-may-NEE) to power?
A
ANSWER: Iranian Revolution of 1979 [or Islamic Revolution; or Enqelāb-e Eslāmī]
19
Q
- A novel by this author features a plan to smuggle information using a microdot hidden on a tattoo. That novel by this author is told primarily through a frame narrative called the Ardua Hall Holograph. This author wrote that novel, The Testaments, as a sequel to a novel in which a Latin phrase meaning (*) “Don’t let the bastards grind you down” inspires a protagonist who is forced to play Scrabble with the Commander. For 10 points, name this author who described Offred joining the Mayday movement in The Handmaid’s Tale.
A
ANSWER: Margaret Atwood [Margaret Eleanor Atwood]
20
Q
- This island’s territory of Mongibel (MAHN-jee-BEL) was often used as the location of Morgan le Fay’s castle in Arthurian romances. A volcano on this island, which once erupted so much lava that it filled in the harbor of Catania, is legendarily where the philosopher Empedocles (emp-ED-uh-kleez) jumped to his death. The Aeolian (ay-OL-ee-un) Islands, just off this larger island’s north, include the namesake of (*) strombolic (strahm-BAH-lik) volcanoes. Mount Etna is about ninety miles southeast of Palermo (puh-LAIR-moh) on, for 10 points, what island that is separated by the Strait of Messina from the “boot” of Italy?
A
ANSWER: Sicily [or Sicilia]
21
Q
- In this play, the title character stands on a mountain and watches clouds shaped like two women diverge. This play has both a prelude set “in the Theatre” and a prologue set in Heaven. The title character of this play and a being who earlier disguised himself as a poodle watch a performance on Walpurgis (vahl-POOR-gis) Night. In this play, (*) Helen of Troy is summoned for the Emperor. The title scholar of this play signs a pact in blood with the demon Mephistopheles (meff-eye-stoff-O-leez). For 10 points, name this two-part tragedy by Johann (YO-hahn) Wolfgang von Goethe (GUR-tuh).
A
ANSWER: Faust [or Faust, Part One; or Faust, Part Two; or Faustus; do not accept or prompt on “Doctor Faustus”]
22
Q
- A painting of one of these events in the Louvre includes depictions of Suleiman (SOO-lay-mon) the Magnificent and Charles V (the fifth). That ten-meter mannerist painting by Paolo Veronese (paa-OW-low ver-oh-NAY-zay) shows one of these events from John 2 (John chapter two). A convex (*) mirror surrounded with scenes from the Passion of Christ is in the back of a painting often titled for one of these events that shows a man in a fur-trimmed hat and a woman in a green dress. For 10 points, name this type of event for which Jan (yahn) van Eyck’s Arnolfini (AR-nul-FEE-nee) Portrait was likely created, and which Veronese painted “at Cana.”
A
ANSWER: wedding [or marriage; or matrimony; or The Wedding Feast at Cana; or The Wedding at Cana; or The Marriage at Cana; or The Arnolfini Wedding; or The Arnolfini Marriage]
23
Q
- The negative derivative of the Hamiltonian with respect to position gives the generalized form of this value. The phase space consists of all possible values of position and this quantity, which is the Fourier (FOO-ree-ay) transform of position. According to Noether’s (NUR-tar’s) theorem, this quantity is conserved due to (*) translational invariance. This quantity squared over two times the mass gives the kinetic energy. The change in this quantity is impulse, and it is conserved in inelastic collisions. For 10 points, name this product of mass and linear velocity.
A
ANSWER: linear momentum [or translational momentum; do not accept or prompt on “angular momentum”]
24
Q
- In a novel by this author, Guitar joins the radical Seven Days organization, which randomly kills White people. In that novel by this author, Freddie the janitor nicknames the main character Milkman Dead. Another novel by this author features a man who follows a trail of flowers after escaping from a (*) chain gang. That novel by this author begins, “124 was spiteful. Full of a baby’s venom” and describes how Sethe (SETH-uh) kills her daughter to prevent her return to slavery. For 10 points, name this author of Song of Solomon and Beloved.
A
ANSWER: Toni Morrison [or Chloe Anthony Wofford Morrison]
25
4. A demonym for people from this city sometimes names the Saint Thomas Christians of India and became a Quranic term for Christians. ISIS soldiers sprayed the first letter of that demonym for this city onto Christian homes, inspiring a protest symbolized by the Arabic letter “nun.” In this city, competing Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches mark proposed sites of the (*) Annunciation. After the flight into Egypt, Joseph returned to this city with Mary and a child born in Bethlehem. For 10 points, name this childhood hometown of Jesus.
ANSWER: Nazareth [or an-Nasira; or Natsrat; or Nasrath]
26
5. A thixotropic substance was added to one of these devices perfected by Paul Fisher in 1965, who mass-marketed that example as the AG7 and “bullet” models. The Sheaffer and Parker companies specialize in luxury examples of these things that feature (*) metal nibs. The Museum of Modern Art displays a best-selling example of these things called the Bic Crystal. Rollerballs are sometimes used in these devices, which are often capped by a ball to control liquid flow. For 10 points, name these devices with ballpoint and fountain varieties for writing.
ANSWER: pens [or space pens; or ballpoint pens; or fountain pens]
27
6. The April 26 Editorial criticized people in this location, some of whom went on a hunger strike prior to a Soviet leader's visit. People at this location drafted a list of seven demands that denounced the campaign against “bourgeois (booj-wah) liberalization.” Jeff Widener (*) photographed a man in this location whom Time Magazine dubbed the “Unknown Rebel.” Taiwan, Tibet, and this location form the “three Ts” of contentious issues surrounding the CCP. For 10 points, name this public area in Beijing where the Tank Man photo was taken in 1989.
ANSWER: Tiananmen Square
28
7. Two groups of these objects, the Planctae (PLANK-tee) and Symplegades (simp-LEG-uh-deez), were given the epithets Wandering and Cyanean (sai-uh-NEE-un) respectively. Polyphemus (pahlif-EE-mus) killed Galatea's (gal-uh-TAY-uh's) lover Acis (AY-sis) with one of these objects out of jealousy. One of these objects called the Omphalos (ahm-FAA-lus) marked (*) Delphi as the center of the world. The husband of Merope (mer-OH-pay) is given a punishment involving this type of object after tricking Thanatos (THAN-uh-tohs) and temporarily stopping death. Sisyphus's punishment involved endlessly rolling for 10 points, what type of object up a hill?
ANSWER: rock [or stone; or boulder]
29
8. During this decade, women such as Ruth Nichols and Beryl Markham achieved record success in aviation. During this decade, Hattie Caraway of Arkansas became the first woman elected to the Senate. A woman who chaired the Committee on Economic Security during this decade served as the fourth (*) Secretary of Labor and helped draft the Social Security Act. Frances Perkins became the first female U.S. cabinet secretary during this decade, under FDR. For 10 points, name this decade in which women advocated for equality during the Great Depression.
ANSWER: 1930s [prompt on 30s]
30
9. This composer called for a 5/8 (five eight) jarabe (hah-RAH-bay)-style trumpet solo before quoting “Goodbye, Old Paint” in a suite that uses clashing kettle drums and snare drum to depict a “Gun Battle.” This composer's Four Dance Episodes end with a movement that quotes old-time musician William Hamilton Stepp's version of “Bonaparte's Retreat.” In a (*) “doppio movimento” excerpt, this composer wrote five variations on Joseph Brackett's Shaker hymn “Simple Gifts.” For 10 points, name this American composer of the ballets Billy the Kid, Rodeo, and Appalachian Spring.
ANSWER: Aaron Copland
31
10. This organism is utilized in the biopharmaceutical industry to produce hepatitis vaccines and insulin. This organism was genetically modified to ferment xylose (ZAI-lohs) to facilitate the production of ethanol from paper waste. One of these model organisms was the first eukaryote (yoo-KAIR-ee-oat) to have its (*) genome fully sequenced. Candida albicans (CAN-did-uh ALB-ik-anz) is a pathogenic species of these organisms, and the most commonly used species of these organisms is Saccharomyces cerivisiae (SAK-air-oh-MAI-seez ser-uh-VISS-ee-ay). For 10 points, name this singlecelled microorganism that causes bread to rise.
ANSWER: yeasts [or Saccharomyces cerivisiae until “Saccharomyces cerivisiae” is read]
32
11. A poem by this author worries about never tracing “shadows with the magic hand of chance.” This poet, who described concerns about his death in “When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be,” wrote in another poem how he had “been half in love with easeful Death.” That poem by this author ends by asking (*) “Do I wake or sleep?” This author wrote about the “flowery tale” of a “Sylvan historian” in a poem that ends by asserting “Beauty is truth, truth beauty.” For 10 points, name this author of odes “to a Nightingale” and “On a Grecian Urn.”
ANSWER: John Keats
33
12. This man plays electric guitar with his band Corroded Coffin every Tuesday night at The Hideout. Erica notices a chandelier blinking an S.O.S. message being sent by this character, which leads to a journey to the (*) trailer this character shares with his uncle. This character, played by Joseph Quinn, is close friends with Dustin Henderson, and he witnesses the killing of Chrissy Cunningham by Vecna. For 10 points, name this Hawkins High senior who is the leader of the Hellfire Club in Stranger Things season four.
ANSWER: Eddie Munson [or Edward Munson; or Eddie the Banished; prompt on Munson; prompt on The Freak]
34
13. This object titles a Rodgers and Hart song cited as the earliest use of the '50s progression, whose lyrics state “You saw me standing alone / Without a dream in my heart.” The first number one hit for Mary Ford and Les Paul was titled “How High” this object is. This object now titles Bart Howard's (*) “In Other Words,” which declares “Fill my heart with song and let me sing forevermore.” For 10 points, a request to “see what spring is like on Jupiter and Mars” appears in a song whose title says to “Fly Me to” what heavenly body?
ANSWER: the Moon [or “Blue Moon”; or “How High the Moon”; or “Fly Me to the Moon”]
35
14. The location where this politician denounced a “super-state exercising new dominance” became the name of the Bruges (brooj) Group. This politician's government passed an ordinance banning “flying pickets” during a years-long clash with Arthur Scargill over striking coal miners. The “Big Bang” was the sudden deregulation of the (*) London Stock Exchange under this prime minister, who also transferred all water utilities in England and Wales into the private sector. For 10 points, name this Conservative Party leader who was U.K. prime minister in the 1980s.
ANSWER: Margaret Thatcher [or Margaret Hilda Roberts]
36
15. The slope of a plot with inverse temperature on the x axis, and natural log of pressure on the y axis, yields a form of this quantity divided by the ideal gas constant. This quantity remains constant in a throttling process. This quantity minus the product of temperature and change in entropy equals (*) Gibbs free energy. This quantity can be added or subtracted for each step of a chemical reaction to yield its total value, according to Hess's law. For 10 points, name this thermodynamic quantity denoted H.
ANSWER: enthalpy [or H until “H” is read; prompt on heat of vaporization until “throttling” is read]
37
16. German missionary Johann Rebmann names a glacier near the summit of this mountain, which contains the hiking area of Barranco (bah-RAHN-koh) Wall. The nearby town of Moshi is the starting point for some climbs on this mountain, whose three volcanic cones include (*) Kibo (KEE-boh), Shira (SHEE-rah), and Mawenzi (mah-WEN-zee). The summit of this mountain, the highest in the world that is not part of an adjacent range, was renamed to mean “freedom peak” in Swahili. For 10 points, name this dormant volcano in Tanzania, the tallest mountain in Africa and the tallest volcano in the Eastern Hemisphere.
ANSWER: Mount Kilimanjaro
38
17. An estimator of this function, which is applied to the partition function to derive the MaxwellBoltzmann equation, is used on large numbers and is called Stirling's approximation. The gamma function extends this function for complex numbers. In the general formula for a (*) Taylor series, this function appears in the denominator. This function of n gives the number of permutations for n distinct objects. For 10 points, name this function that gives the product of a number and all lesser positive integers, and is represented by an exclamation point.
ANSWER: factorial
39
18. This empire's army snuck through an aqueduct to take control of a city from the Gothic king Vitiges (VID-ig-eez). This empire's historian John Skylitzes (skee-LIT-seez) wrote about a disastrous defeat it suffered to Alp Arslan in 1071 when it lost to the Seljuks at Manzikert (MAN-zik-urt), despite the presence of this empire's elite, (*) Viking-dominated Varangian (vaa-RANG-ee-un) Guard. In this empire's capital, the Nika (NEE-kuh) Riots ended when the general Belisarius (bel-is-AIR-ee-us) slaughtered thousands of chariot racing fans. For 10 points, name this empire that Justinian the Great ruled from Constantinople.
ANSWER: Byzantine empire [or Eastern Roman Empire; do not accept or prompt on “Roman Empire”]
40
19. In a novel by this author, Chris and Sam are killed at a naming ceremony for a daughter whose name means “may the path never close,” and Samsonite Ossai tortures people with a stapler. This author wrote a novel in which the protagonist is exiled after his gun explodes, killing Ezeudu's (EZ-ay-OO-doo's) son (*) Ikemefuna (IK-ay-muh-FOO-nah). The main character of a novel by this man gains acclaim for defeating Amalinze (AA-muh-LIN-zee) the Cat in wrestling. For 10 points, name this Nigerian author who wrote about Okonkwo's (oh-KAHN-kwoh's) time in Umuofia (OO-mohFEE-ah) in Things Fall Apart.
ANSWER: Chinua Achebe (ah-CHEB-ay)
41
20. A deputy chief of staff for this country's president impersonated a police officer and beat a protester in 2018 in what became known as the Benalla (beh-NAH-lah) affair. Teacher Samuel Paty (sam-yoo-EL paa-TEE) was beheaded after a false accusation in this country, five years after this country's Hypercacher (ee-PAIR-kaa-SHAY) market and (*) satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo (SHAH-lee eb-doh) were attacked over cartoons depicting Muhammad. This country's 2022 presidential election ended in the run-off defeat of far-right candidate Marine Le Pen (mah-RIN lay pen). For 10 points, name this country led by president Emmanuel Macron.
ANSWER: France [or French Republic; or République française]
42
21. Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez was the first Latin American in this profession, serving on a project partly named “38.” A politician falsely claimed that a man with this profession said, “I didn't see any god.” Three people in this profession died above the Kármán (KAAR-mahn) line after leaving Salyut 1. Valentina (*) Tereshkova (ter-ESH-koh-vuh) was the first female member of this profession, which was held by a man who shouted “Poyekhali!” (POH-yeh-KAH-lee) while on Vostok 1. For 10 points, name this profession of Yuri Gagarin (gaa-GAA-rin), who worked on the Soyuz 1 mission for the Soviet space program.
ANSWER: cosmonauts [or Russian astronauts; or Soviet astronauts; prompt on astronauts]
43
1. This man removed Peter Strzok (struck) from an investigation after text messages between Strzok and Lisa Page were leaked. Don McGahn threatened to resign rather than follow an alleged order to (*) fire this man. This man became the director of the FBI one week before the September 11 attacks. William Barr was accused of issuing a misleading summary weeks before a document helmed by this man was released in 2019. For 10 points, name this former director of the FBI who investigated Russian election interference in a namesake 2019 report.
ANSWER: Robert Mueller (MULL-er) [Robert Swan Mueller III]
44
2. When variables have this property, the formulas for Boolean decomposition and orthogonal linear interpolation are the same. Two events with a covariance of zero have this property, as do the outcomes of Bernoulli trials. A collection of variables with the mutual form of this property also has its pairwise form. If the probability of A times (*) the probability of B equals the probability of A and B, then events A and B have this property. Dice rolls are events with, for 10 points, what property in which one outcome does not affect subsequent outcomes?
ANSWER: independence [or independent events; or mutual independence; or pairwise independence]
45
3. A secessionist movement named for this mountain range uses the “Doug flag” and grew out of the 1940s “State of Jefferson” movement. Mount Adams is the highest point of this mountain range's Gifford Pinchot (pin-CHOH) National Forest. The only mountain in the continental U.S. on the Decade Volcanoes list is in this range that is home to (*) Crater Lake. The Columbia River Gorge cuts into this range, which contains climbing sites such as Mount Hood. For 10 points, name this range of the Pacific Northwest that includes Mount Rainier and Mount Saint Helens.
ANSWER: Cascade Range [or Cascades]
46
4. This was the primary instrument played by the lead artist on the album Moanin' who cofounded the Jazz Messengers. Art Blakey and Gene Krupa played this instrument, the latter collaborating with clarinetist Benny Goodman on “Sing, Sing, Sing.” Krupa also appeared on “Bernie's Tune,” which has a six-minute solo by another player of this instrument, (*) Buddy Rich. Performers of this instrument often choose between a traditional or a matched grip. For 10 points, name this jazz instrument which has bass and snare varieties.
ANSWER: drums [or drum kit; prompt on percussion]
47
5. The smallest scales of this phenomenon are the Kolmogorov (kul-MAH-GOR-off) microscales, which facilitate energy cascades. Time-averaged equations such as the Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes (NAV-yay-stoaks) equations are used to model this phenomenon in computational fluid dynamics. This form of (*) fluid flow occurs at very high Reynolds numbers. Eddies and vortices are produced in this form of fluid flow, which is contrasted with laminar flow. For 10 points, name this chaotic form of fluid flow that can cause bumpy airplane rides.
ANSWER: turbulence [or turbulent flow]
48
6. A collection by an author of this ethnicity features a character who is repeatedly told about his father seeing Jimi Hendrix at Woodstock. That man of this ethnicity wrote a novel in which a blues trio meets Robert Johnson, and adapted for film his collection titled for the Lone Ranger. An author of this ethnicity wrote of the death of his (*) sister in a novel in which youth basketball star Junior is born with hydrocephalus. For 10 points, name the ethnicity of Sherman Alexie, who wrote about this group in an Absolutely True Diary.
ANSWER: American Indian [or Native American; or Spokane; or Coeur d'Alene; prompt on Indian]
49
7. The Lambing Flat riots targeted people originally from this present-day country at Stoney Creek and other gold fields. Ned Kelly's first run-in with the law was being accused of robbery by a pig farmer originally from this country. Many people fled to Australia from this country during the (*) Punti-Hakka clan wars. A city in this country is the namesake of a practice of forcibly retaining sailors on ships. An 1882 “exclusion act” curtailed immigration to the U.S. from, for 10 points, what country that provided many workers on the Transcontinental Railroad?
ANSWER: China [People's Republic of China; or Zhongguo; or PRC; or Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo]
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8. One of these two men claimed to have seen six extra birds in an augury contest, after which the other member of this pair humiliatingly jumped over a low wall constructed by the other. These two men kill King Numitor's (NOO-mit-or's) usurper, Amulius (am-YOO-lee-us), who earlier sentenced them to death. A dispute between these two men near the (*) Palatine (PAL-uh-tyne) and Aventine (AV-en-tyne) Hills leads to one of them dying. The Vestal Virgin Rhea Silvia (RAY-uh SIL-veeuh) gave birth to these two men, who were set afloat on the Tiber (TAI-bur) River and suckled by a wolf. For 10 points, name these twin founders of Rome.
ANSWER: Romulus and Remus [answers may be given in either order, but do not accept or prompt if only one answer is given]
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9. This singer starred in a music video that also featured Andrea Denver and Sean O'Pry and was filmed at Oheka Castle as part of a collaboration with American Express. In 2021, this performer announced plans to re-record earlier material to regain publishing rights, starting with Fearless, in a series labeled her (*) “version.” This singer of “Wildest Dreams” sings about Joe Jonas in her song “Forever and Always” and Jake Gyllenhaal in “All Too Well.” For 10 points, name this singersongwriter of the songs “Willow,” “Cardigan,” and “Bad Blood.”
ANSWER: Taylor Swift [Taylor Alison Swift; or Taytay]
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10. Within two years in this city, unarmed Guinean immigrant Amadou Diallo (AH-muh-doo deeAH-loh) was killed and Haitian-born Abner Louima (loo-EE-muh) was assaulted by police. Matias Reyes ultimately confessed to a crime in this city for which five Black boys were originally accused in the assault of a (*) jogger, prompting a full-page ad advocating the death penalty placed by Donald Trump. The practice of stop-and-frisk increased in this city under a police commissioner appointed by mayor Rudy Giuliani. For 10 points, name this city that was the site of the Central Park Five case.
ANSWER: New York City [or NYC]
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11. These entities socially construct the meaning of anarchy according to Alexander Wendt's foundational article of constructivist theory. The modern concept of these entities is often dubbed the “Westphalian” (west-FAIL-yun) definition. A capability trap in the power of these entities can result in an erosion of these things' monopoly on the (*) legitimate use of force, leading to these things becoming “failed.” For 10 points, name these things whose power politics towards each other are the subject of international relations theory.
ANSWER: states [or countries; prompt on nations; prompt on governments]
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12. A ballet based on writings by this author debuted in 1940, with Galina Ulanova (GAH-lee-nah oo-LAH-noh-vah) and Konstantin Sergeyev (kahn-stan-TEEN sair-GAYV) playing lead roles at the Kirov and a score incorporating a gavotte (gaa-VAWT) from the Classical symphony. For a 1962 ballet inspired by this author, George Balanchine (BAAL-an-sheen) adapted incidental music by Felix Mendelssohn, including the (*) “Wedding Dance.” The “Dance of the Knights” appears in a Sergei Prokofiev (SUR-gay pro-KAH-fee-ev) ballet named for a play by this author. For 10 points, name this author who inspired the piece “Montagues (MAHN-tug-yooz) and Capulets” (KAP-yoo-lets) in Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet.
ANSWER: William Shakespeare
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13. The Ludus Magnus was a large facility for training people of this profession. Female members of this profession were included in a munus (MOO-nus) held by Domitian (doh-MISH-un) that described them as Amazons. Emperor (*) Commodus (KAH-mud-us) frequently participated in this profession, whose members often ate barley for strength. The “turned thumb” gesture was used by the public to judge the fate of people in this profession. For 10 points, name this profession of people trained to fight in the Colosseum for entertainment.
ANSWER: gladiators [prompt on slaves]
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14. A short story by this author features the question, “In a riddle whose answer is chess, what is the only prohibited word?” A character in a story by this author describes knowing “the Secret,” which is a “British artillery park on the Ancre” (AHN-kur). A story by this author features a hunt by the “Purifiers” through (*) infinite hexagonal rooms. Richard Madden kills sinologist Stephen Albert to signal the Germans in a story by this author. For 10 points, name this author whose Ficciones (FEEK-see-OH-nays) includes “The Library of Babel” and “The Garden of Forking Paths.”
ANSWER: Jorge Luis Borges (BOR-hays)
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15. This artist painted six identically-dressed men in black and white in a painting that became an iconic symbol of a cigar brand. This artist's only seascape was stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. This artist of Syndics of the Drapers Guild and Storm on the Sea of Galilee, who used his wife (*) Saskia as a model, painted a gun blending into feathers on a hat and a girl in a white dress wearing a dead chicken on her waist. The militia of Frans Banning Cocq (“coke”) was painted by, for 10 points, what Dutch artist of The Night Watch?
ANSWER: Rembrandt [Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn]
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16. The rate of increase in this quantity is equal to genetic variance according to Fisher's fundamental theorem. The frequency of a particular genotype in a population will decrease if it has a low value for this quantity. The “inclusive” form of this quantity is increased in (*) kin selection, and parental investment is a strategy to increase this quantity. Inbreeding decreases this quantity, which in sterile animals is zero. For 10 points, name this measure of an organism's ability to pass its genes on to the next generation.
ANSWER: fitness [or W]
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17. This company's New Global Architecture initiative designed its Dynamic Force product line. This company's origin in making looms influenced ideas such as “continuous improvement” or kanban that form its much-emulated “Production System.” The last phase of the (*) ChadianLibyan conflict in the 1980s is named for the use of this company's Hilux product. In the 21st century, this company surpassed four banks and Tokyo Electric to become the largest firm in Japan. For 10 points, name this auto manufacturer that produces the Corolla, Prius, and Camry.
ANSWER: Toyota [Toyota Motor Corporation]
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18. This author appended an essay explaining “What Happened Afterward” to one of his plays after he was annoyed by edits by Herbert Tree to make the ending happier. In another play by this author, John Tanner is the author of The Revolutionist's Handbook, and the main character converses with Don Juan in (*) Hell. Another play by this author of Man and Superman revolves around a bet made by Henry Higgins with Colonel Pickering about passing off Eliza Doolittle as a duchess. For 10 points, name this author of Pygmalion.
ANSWER: George Bernard Shaw
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19. This man suggested lighting all synagogues on fire in his treatise On the Jews and Their Lies. Frederick III sent men dressed as highway robbers to safely escort this man to Wartburg (VARTboorg) Castle for hiding. Charles V (the fifth) issued the Edict of (*) Worms (vurmz) after this man refused to renounce his criticisms of practices such as indulgences. Pope Leo X (the tenth) demanded that this man renounce his writings, which he may have nailed to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg (VIT-en-BAIRG). For 10 points, name this German theologian who started the Protestant
ANSWER: Martin Luther
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20. These events were defined using a compendium of marine animals written by Jack Sepkoski. A “gun” hypothesis describes how the breakup of methane clathrates may have contributed to one of these events. One of these events described by the Alvarez hypothesis made way for a large amount of (*) adaptive radiation in mammal species. The sixth one of these events, dubbed the Holocene, is currently ongoing, and the last one happened 65 million years ago. For 10 points, name these events, such as the K-T and the “Great Dying” in which many species end.
ANSWER: mass extinction events
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21. This city's Kimmel Center is home to a non-opera orchestra conducted by Montreal-born Yannick Nezet-Seguin (yah-NEEK NEZ-eh-say-gah). The Curtis Institute of Music is in this city. Eugene Ormandy (OR-man-dee) was the longtime conductor of a “Big Five” orchestra in this city that uses a “sound” pioneered by (*) Leopold Stokowski (staw-KAWV-skee) and plays the score in most of Fantasia. The theme to Monty Python's Flying Circus was a Sousa march named for an object in this city that legendarily rang on July 8, 1776. For 10 points, name this city whose Independence Hall is adjacent to the Liberty Bell.
ANSWER: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [or Philly]
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1. Participants in this event gathered at the Holbeche (hol-BESH) House to resist armed men under the Sheriff of Worcestershire (WUH-stuh-shirr). A letter warning about this event was sent to the Baron Monteagle, who notified the royal court. The goal of this event was the ascension of (*) Catholic-friendly Elizabeth Stuart to the throne. An effigy of a man who fought for Spain under the name Guido is burned every 5th of November in remembrance of this plan's failure. For 10 points, name this plan to blow up the House of Lords that included Guy Fawkes (FOX).
ANSWER: Gunpowder Plot [or Gunpowder Treason; or Jesuit Treason]
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2. An opera in this language that was the landmark season opener in 2021 at the Metropolitan Opera is called Fire Shut Up in My Bones. The conjurer Zodzetrick (zod-ZET-rik) appears in an opera in this language whose title character is saved from a wasp's nest by Remus. Jake sings “A Woman is a Sometime Thing” in an opera in this language in which (*) Crown kills Robbins and Clara sings the lullaby “Summertime.” Treemonisha (TREE-mun-EE-shuh) is a “ragtime opera” by Scott Joplin in, for 10 points, what language of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess?
ANSWER: English
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3. This author wrote a novel in which the title character accidentally causes the pirate Gentleman Brown to kill his trusted companion Dain Waris and meets the butterfly-collecting Stein on the ship Patna. In the pivotal scene of a short novel by this author, a man whispers “The (*) horror! The horror!” That novel by this author is narrated by Charles Marlow, who searches for the ivorytrading Colonel Kurtz in the middle of Africa. For 10 points, name this author of Lord Jim and Heart of Darkness.
ANSWER: Joseph Conrad [or Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski]
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4. The number “135797531” (read the individual digits) was carved near a bridge in this city to mark the moment when Charles IV (the fourth) began its construction. Ottokar I (oh-tah-KAR the first) of the Přemyslid (PREM-iz-lid) dynasty reigned from this city, in whose outskirts Frederick V (the fifth) the Winter King lost the throne at the Battle of (*) White Mountain. The theologian Jan Hus (yahn hoos) spent much of his life in this city. The Thirty Years War began after officials were thrown out windows in the second “defenestration of” this city. For 10 points, name this most populous Bohemian and Czech city.
ANSWER: Prague [or Praha]
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5. Edward Burne-Jones helped lead a revival of this artform and used it to depict a woman named Cecilia playing a handheld organ. The United Nations headquarters commissioned a tribute to Dag Hammarskjöld (HAA-mark-HOLD) in this form. Another very blue artwork in this medium by Marc Chagall is named for America and is located in the (*) Art Institute of Chicago. Three pieces in this medium made to resemble a rose were saved from a 2019 fire. Louis Comfort Tiffany created many lampshades using, for 10 points, what medium used to decorate Notre-Dame's (noh-truh DAHM's) windows?
ANSWER: stained glass [prompt on glass; prompt on windows]
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6. The failure of the timer built into this component is signaled by a four-beep POST code. The standard form of this device is based on a revamp pioneered in 1995 and is known as the Advanced Technology Extended series. Berg and Molex connectors may be used to attach other (*) components to this hardware item, which typically includes a CMOS (SEE-moss) battery, internal buses, and areas that interface with ports which collectively comprise the chipset. The CPU is mounted into a socket found on, for 10 points, what main printed circuit board in a computer?
ANSWER: motherboard [or mb; or mobo; or mainboard; or logic board; or system board]
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7. This country filed charges against an expatriate American journalist who reported on leaked documents from this country's Operation Car Wash investigation. During COVID, this country's president promoted chloroquine treatments and personally contracted the disease at least three times. That president accused environmental organizations of starting 2019 (*) fires that plagued this country's rainforests. For 10 points, name this South American country where a 2022 election pitted former president Lula da Silva against incumbent Jair Bolsonaro (jai-IR bowl-so-NAR-oh).
ANSWER: Brazil [Federative Republic of Brazil; or República Federativa do Brasil]
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8. The Peltier (PELT-ee-ay) effect describes the change in this quantity at a junction between two conductors with current flowing between them. The average kinetic energy for a particle in an ideal gas can be calculated as three-halves Boltzmann's constant times this quantity. The ratio of this quantity in the two reservoirs of a (*) Carnot (kar-NOH) engine is used to calculate the efficiency of that engine. The lowest possible measure for this quantity is absolute zero. For 10 points, name this quantity that can be measured in Kelvins or Fahrenheit.
ANSWER: temperature
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9. This country's capital once included 95-meter trash piles in what is now the Digital Media City. The Tamna kingdom once ruled an island in this country that speaks a unique “mal.” This country's city of Mokpo connects via ferry to an island containing Mount (*) Songhak (SAHNGhak). Jeju (TAY-joo) is located in this country, whose capital is crossed by the Han River. This country contains the transportation hub of Incheon (INCH-ee-AHN) and a city including the Gangnam (GUNGnum) district. For 10 points, name this Asian country separated by the DMZ from its Communist neighbor.
ANSWER: South Korea [or Republic of Korea; or ROK; prompt on Korea; do not accept or prompt on “Democratic People's Republic of Korea” or “DPRK”]
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10. This novel's popularity sparked responses from people such as Caroline Lee Hentz and The Sword and the Distaff author William Gilmore Simms. After the title character of this novel dies, two characters disguise themselves as a Creole lady and her servant. Quimbo and (*) Sambo kill the title character of this novel, on the orders of Simon Legree. This novel's author was called the “little woman who wrote the book that started this great war” by Abraham Lincoln. For 10 points, name this anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
ANSWER: Uncle Tom's Cabin [Uncle Tom's Cabin: or, Life among the Lowly]
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11. A form of this artistic discipline that relies on “paraprosdokian” (pair-ah-pross-doak-ee-un) is the trademark style of Steven Wright and Mitch Hedberg. Highly regarded instances of this genre from the 21st century include Roy Wood's Imperfect Messenger and Tig (*) Notaro's use of this genre to discuss her cancer diagnosis. Hannah Gadsby both practices and critiques this performing art, particularly objecting to Dave Chappelle's routines in this discipline. For 10 points, name this performing art involving humorous stage monologues.
ANSWER: standup comedy [or standup comedians; or comics; prompt on humorists]
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12. The main character of this book is asked why he cries when he prays, and why he prays, neither of which he can answer. The main character of this book repeats the phrase “Never shall I forget” seven times. In this book, (*) Moishe the Beadle escapes a cattle train and attempts to warn Sighet (SEE-get) of what he has seen. The question “Where is God?” is often asked in this book, in which the main character's father dies in Buchenwald (BOO-ken-vahld). For 10 points, name this Holocaust memoir by Elie Wiesel (EL-ee vee-SEL) which uses a recurring metaphor of darkness.
ANSWER: Night [or Un di Velt Hot Geshvign; or La Nuit; or And the World Was Silent]
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13. This prime minister proposed sharing oil revenues in the National Energy Program, leading to a national debate on “western alienation.” This prime minister outlined his urban reform and minority improvement plans called a “Just Society.” After the death of Pierre Laporte, this man told reporters (*) “just watch me” following his invocation of the War Measures Act during the October Crisis. Support for this politician inspired a namesake “mania” in a 1968 election. For 10 points, name this Liberal Canadian prime minister during the 1970s.
ANSWER: Pierre Trudeau [Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau; prompt on Trudeau]
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14. A character using this name was briefly killed off by a fan vote in the storyline “A Death in the Family” before returning as the anti-hero Red Hood. Another character who used this name was previously known as The Spoiler. In a Frank Miller-penned storyline, this role is adopted by (*) Carrie Kelley in the battle against a gang called The Mutants. Another character graduated from using this name and became Nightwing. This name is currently used by Damian Wayne, the son of Bruce. For 10 points, name this mantle used by the sidekick of Batman.
ANSWER: Robin
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15. The “eu” (yoo) and “pheo” (fee-oh) varieties of this compound are both synthesized by the catalyzation of tyrosinase (teer-AH-sin-ayz), and the latter requires the presence of cystine and a benzothiazine (BEN-zohth-AI-uh-neen) intermediate. Like dopamine, a form of this compound found in the brain degenerates in Parkinson's disease, and is responsible for the (*) dark color of the substantia nigra (sub-STANT-yuh NAI-gruh). A form of skin cancer develops from the cells that produce this compound, and UV radiation stimulates the production of this compound. For 10 points, name this pigment that gives skin its color.
ANSWER: melanin
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16. In support of this legislation, Rosalynn Carter urged Wayne Townsend to cast the tie-breaking vote in Indiana. This legislation, co-introduced by Crystal Eastman in 1923, was opposed by the Eagle Forum, which was created by a woman with the slogan “I am for Mom and apple pie,” Phyllis (*) Schlafly (SHLAH-flee). This legislation failed to pass since only 35 ratified it by 1979. Alice Paul authored this legislation, which was ratified by Illinois in 2018. For 10 points, name this unratified Constitutional amendment that targets sex discrimination.
ANSWER: Equal Rights Amendment [or ERA]
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17. This architect's live-in partner Mamah Borthwick (MAH-muh BOR-thik) was murdered during a fire at his studio. In response to a challenge from Herbert Jacobs to design a good house for under $5000, this architect drew on his earlier Broadacre City project and a term coined by James Duff Law to create early (*) Usonian homes. This architect, who ran two studios called Taliesen (TALyay-sin), also designed a house for Edgar Kaufmann outside of Pittsburgh that was built over the Bear Run creek. For 10 points, name this American architect who designed the Fallingwater house.
ANSWER: Frank Lloyd Wright
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18. Stable examples of these entities include Fremy's (FREH-mee's) salt and TEMPO. EPR spectroscopy (spek-TRAH-skuh-pee) can be used to analyze these things, which are used in living polymerization (puh-LIM-ur-iz-AY-shun) techniques such as RAFT and ARTP. Halogenation (HAAluh-jin-AY-shun) reactions named for these things occur under light and are driven by the (*) homolytic (HOH-moh-lit-ik) cleavage of covalent bonds. Reactions involving these species use fish hook arrows to show the movement of individual electrons. For 10 points, name these highly reactive atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons.
ANSWER: free radicals
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19. The BBC show The Experiment attempted to recreate this event but contradicted its original result. This experiment's designer recounted becoming enraged when asked “what's the independent variable in this study?” Critics of this experiment point to its use of a “help wanted” ad offering $15 a (*) day. This experiment was stopped after just six days during which Philip Zimbardo played a “superintendent.” For 10 points, name this controversial experiment in which assigned “guards” abused other test subjects at a California university.
ANSWER: Stanford Prison experiment [prompt on prison experiment]
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20. A character in this play describes missing “Four thousand little rests per hour” and asks “how shall I endure my own company?” While giving a climactic speech in this play, a character strokes a mantelpiece dubbed a “bronze atrocity” by Barbedienne (BAR-bud-ee-EN). A valet lacks (*) eyelids in this play and brings the main characters into a room with Second Empire furniture. Inez is stabbed by Estelle in this play, which ends with a character realizing that “Hell is other people.” For 10 points, name this existentialist play by Jean-Paul Sartre.
ANSWER: No Exit [or Huis Clos; or In Camera; or No Way Out; or Dead End]
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21. Most citizens entitled to wear the latus clavus (LAH-toos CLAH-voos) earned the privilege by belonging to this group. The Hostilia, Cornelia, and Julia were the successive buildings where these people worked. A group of these people was paired with the general “people of Rome” in a (*) four-letter abbreviation often found on currency and monuments. These people were temporarily meeting in the Theater of Pompey when several of them stabbed a “dictator for life” on the Ides of March. For 10 points, name these men who met to discuss Roman laws.
ANSWER: Roman senators [or senatores; or members of the Roman Senate]
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1. When one of these polygons is inscribed in a conic section, the intersection of its sides is described by Pascal's theorem. Squares, triangles, and this regular polygon are the only ones that can tile the plane. Each vertex of this polygon has (*) three diagonals, and it is the fewest-sided polygon to have more diagonals than sides. Drawing this shape's long diagonals divides it into equilateral triangles, and the sum of the internal angles of this polygon equals 720 degrees. For 10 points, name this regular polygon with six sides.
ANSWER: regular hexagon
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2. In 2022, after a 335-mile march to this state's capital, its governor signed a bill easing the process for farm workers to unionize. The mayor of a city in this state was rejected in a nomination to become Ambassador to India in 2022. Another city in this state recalled its district attorney, (*) Chesa Boudin (CHAY-suh boo-DEEN). The governor of this state was criticized for attending a party at The French Laundry during COVID restrictions and survived a recall election against Larry Elder and Caitlyn Jenner. For 10 points, name this state governed by Gavin Newsom.
ANSWER: California
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3. The only named chapter in this novel describes Nikolai's tuberculosis and is titled “Death.” Two characters in this novel get engaged after playing a game based on giving the first letters of words. The aristocratic Stiva cheats on his wife (*) Dolly near the start of this novel, leading to the title character's arrival. This novel begins with a remark about how “all happy families are alike” and ends when the title character jumps in front of a train after an affair with Count Vronsky. For 10 points, name this novel by Leo Tolstoy.
ANSWER: Anna Karenina (kah-REN-in-uh)
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4. A book titled for this group discusses a man who led the “only successful slave rebellion in history” and was written by C.L.R. James. The Feuillants (foo-yahn) Club, which included the Marquis de Lafayette, split from this group. Extreme members of this group sat in higher seats in the assembly and were called “The (*) Mountain.” Charlotte Corday assassinated a supporter of this group, whose Reign of Terror ended after the Thermidorian (THERM-id-OR-ee-un) Reaction. For 10 points, name this group led by Maximilien Robespierre (ROH-bess-PYAIR) during the French Revolution.
ANSWER: Jacobins [or the Jacobin Club; or The Black Jacobins]
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5. Amy Beach stated that this piece inspired the Gaelic Symphony. A Largo theme in this symphony beginning with slurred notes “dotted eighth-sixteenth F, A-flat, long A-flat” evokes Harry Burleigh's singing. William Arms Fisher's (*) “Goin' Home” is based on an English horn solo from this symphony, whose first movement has a flute solo resembling “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot.” After finishing this symphony, its composer left Spillville to lead “Bohemian Days” at the World's Fair. For 10 points, a visit to the U.S. inspired what Antonín Dvořák (AAN-toh-neen div-or-JACK) symphony?
ANSWER: Symphony From the New World [or New World Symphony; or Z nového světa; or Antonín Dvořák's Symphony No. 9 in E minor; or 9th after “Dvorak” is read; prompt on 9th Symphony before “Dvorak” is read]
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6. This author described a location where “peace comes dropping slow” in a poem that mentions “nine bean rows” in a place where “midnight's all a glimmer” and the speaker “will arise and go now.” This author invoked a childhood memory of a vacation spot in County Sligo in “The (*) Lake Isle of Innisfree.” A poem by this author says “The falcon cannot hear the falconer” and ends by warning of a “rough beast” that “Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born.” For 10 points, name this Irish poet who wrote “The Second Coming.”
ANSWER: William Butler Yeats (yates)
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7. This adjective appears in the title of a book claiming that there is no real distinction between nature and culture, by Bruno Latour. Zygmunt Bauman (zig-MOONT BAO-mon) theorized that society is in a “liquid” form of this state. A new phase that comes after this state was discussed in the major book of (*) Fredric Jameson. This adjective describes philosophy starting in the mid-17th century and physics from about 1905 onward. For 10 points, give this term for a period that is succeeded by a “post-” form in which truth and values are relative.
ANSWER: modern [or modernity]
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8. Thalassemia (THAA-luh-SEE-mee-uh) is a disease characterized by decreased production of this molecule. The carbon dioxide affinity of this molecule in acidic conditions can be described by the Bohr effect. When this molecule is found in the lungs or kidneys, it acts as an antioxidant and helps to regulate (*) iron. This molecule has four subunits, all containing a porphyrin (POR-fuh-rin) ring. Carbon monoxide's affinity for this molecule is two-hundred and fifty times more than oxygen's. For 10 points, name this iron-containing transport protein found in red blood cells.
ANSWER: hemoglobin
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9. This country is on the south of a border that was ill-defined by the Cañas-Jerez (KAHN-yahsHAY-rez) Treaty. Virgin of the Angels Day is a national holiday in this country, where the Monteverde (mohn-tey-VAIR-day) Cloud Forest is home to over 2,500 plant species. The easygoing catchphrase (*) “Pura Vida” (POOR-ah VEE-dah) is common in this country, which is regularly ranked first in the “Happy Planet Index.” This country, which abolished its military in 1949, is engaged in a more than 150-year-long border dispute over the San Juan River. For 10 points, name this smaller southern neighbor of Nicaragua.
ANSWER: Republic of Costa Rica
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10. One of the earliest pieces of evidence for this technology was found in South Africa's Wonderwerk (VON-dair-vurk) Cave. Hypotheses state that this technology directly contributed to the gradual shrinkage of molar teeth of H. erectus. Tools such as Schöningen (SHOO-ning-en) spears were (*) hardened using this technology, which also enabled the lengthening of the waking day. This technology was harnessed nearly two million years ago according to traces of wood ash. For 10 points, name this technology that led to rapid developments in wintertime heating and cooking food.
ANSWER: fire [or flames; prompt on cooking; prompt on heating food]
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11. A radioactive isotope of this element emits gamma radiation when it decays to tellurium-123, which makes it useful in nuclear medicine imaging. This element and potassium are found in a solution used to test for the presence of starches. A compound of silver and this element is usually used to try to increase precipitation in (*) cloud seeding. This element is often added to table salt to prevent a nutritional deficiency that causes thyroid problems. For 10 points, name this heaviest diatomic element, a halogen with atomic symbol I.
ANSWER: iodine
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12. A region named for this language contains the modern descendant of the biblical city Ophir (oh-FEER), called Sofala (soh-FAH-lah), which was once part of the Kilwa (KEEL-wah) Sultanate. Arab traders captured Zanj (zunj) slaves from a region named for this language. A word in this language named a set of villages established by the Arusha (ah-ROO-shah) Declaration called ujamaa (oo-jah-MAH), as proposed by Julius (*) Nyerere (nuhr-AIR-ay). A “Coast” named for this language was a hub of the slave trade around the cities of Dar es Salaam (DAR-es-sah-LAHM) and Mombasa (mahm-BAH-suh). For 10 points, name this language that traders often spoke in Tanzania (tan-zuh-NEE-uh) and Kenya.
ANSWER: Swahili [or Kiswahili]
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13. The classic mode of a game in this series includes bonus stages instructing to “Snag The Trophies” and “Race to the Finish.” Tabuu leads an extradimensional army in the Subspace Emissary campaign of a game in this series. (*) Galeem is the antagonist of the World of Light adventure mode for the most recent game in this series. Final Destination is a stage in this series that features the recurring villain Master Hand. For 10 points, name this Nintendo fighting game series whose objective is to knock players off the stage.
ANSWER: Super Smash Bros [prompt on Melee; prompt on Brawl; prompt on Ultimate]
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14. This person is the subject of the song “Ani Ma'amin” (AH-nee mah-AH-meen), which is based on the twelfth of a set of thirteen principles of faith. The anthem of the Tzivos Hashem (TSEE-vohs hah-SHEM) youth movement within Chabad (hah-BAHD) expresses a desire to welcome this person “now.” Sabbatai Zevi (SAH-bah-tai ZVEE) and Simon bar Kokhba (*) claimed to be this person, whose prophesied deeds are re-establishing the Sanhedrin (san-HED-rin), building the Third Temple, and returning the diaspora to Israel. For 10 points, name this yet-to-come liberator who will fulfill a role in Judaism analogous to Jesus in Christianity.
ANSWER: the Jewish Messiah [or mesiyah; or mashiach; do not accept or prompt on “Jesus”]
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15. The protagonist of this novel responds to hard times by taking up with the thief Jack Duane. That character in this novel is arrested for assaulting Phil Connor. Ostrinski and Nicholas Schliemann (SHLEE-man) help convert the (*) Lithuanian protagonist of this novel to socialism. The author of this novel claimed that he “aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach” in response to the Pure Food and Drug Act. For 10 points, name this novel which follows Jurgis Rudkus (YURG-is RUD-kis) through the Chicago meat packing industry, written by Upton Sinclair.
ANSWER: The Jungle
100
16. A painting in this format which illustrates a poem providing advice to women is titled Admonitions. Japanese examples of this format, called emakimono (aim-AH-kee-MOH-noh), include a 12th-century item with scenes from The Tale of Genji. The Rainbow Bridge is at the center of a painting in this format depicting Kaifeng (KAI-fung) in spring by Zhang Zeduan (jong zay-DWAN), titled (*) Along the River During the Qingming (ching-ming) Festival. Song Dynasty artists used silk or paper in this format, which was later replaced by codices (KAH-dis-eez). For 10 points, name this kind of painting that is unrolled for viewing.
ANSWER: scrolls [or handscrolls; or shǒujuàn]
101
17. This quantity is related to polarizability in the Lorentz-Lorenz equation. This quantity must be lower in the cladding of a fiber optic cable than the core for total internal reflection to occur. The arctangent of the ratio of two values of this quantity gives (*) Brewster's angle, and this quantity is multiplied by sine theta in Snell's law. This property, which equals the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to that in a medium, is denoted lowercase n. For 10 points, name this material property that indicates a medium's light bending ability.
ANSWER: index of refraction [or refractive index; or refraction index]
102
18. A government in what became this state entered secret relations with the U.K. in the Haldimand Affair and was led by Moses Robinson and Thomas Chittenden. A holiday in this state commemorates the 1777 defeat of John Burgoyne at the Battle of Bennington. Seth Warner was a Revolutionary War officer from this state, whose (*) Catamount Tavern hosted a meeting that planned to capture Fort Ticonderoga. For 10 points, name this fourteenth state of the Union, where a militia called the Green Mountain Boys was founded by Ethan Allen.
ANSWER: Vermont
103
19. This ingredient is the foundation for kabsa (KAB-suh), a Saudi Arabian dish also called makbūs (mok-BOOS). The states of Goiás (goy-AIZ) and Minas Gerais (MEEN-ai jer-AIZ) prepare a chicken dish always accompanied by this ingredient called galinhada (gah-leen-YAH-duh). The Mughal Empire originated a dish whose base is this ingredient alongside (*) meat and spices, called biryani (beer-YAH-nee). Pulao (poo-LAO), polo, and plov are all variations of a dish centered on this ingredient. For 10 points, name this essential ingredient in pilaf (PEEL-ahf) dishes, which commonly use its longgrain or basmati (bahz-MAH-tee) forms.
ANSWER: rice [or basmati rice; or long-grain rice]
104
20. An animal of this type was believed to be the “great goddess” of Teotihuacan (TAY-oh-tee-WAHkun). Two Navajo deities taking this form constantly debated over the names of their invention. The Hopi believed in a “Grandmother” form of this animal who made humanity. All of the stories in the world were bought from Nyame (nee-AH-may) by (*) Anansi (ah-NAN-see), who took the form of this sort of animal. After losing a contest to Athena, Arachne (uh-RAK-nee) was turned into an animal of this type. For 10 points, name this sort of animal, which many cultures venerate as a god of weaving.
ANSWER: spiders [or Teotihuacan Spider Woman; or Spider man; or Spider woman; or Grandmother Spider; prompt on arachnids]
105
21. This city's skyscrapers include the misleadingly named Greenland Centre and the Crown in Barangaroo. The City to Surf Fun Run goes from this city's business district to Bondi Beach. “The Coathanger” is a nickname for a bridge that connects the (*) North Shore to this city, the Harbour Bridge, which crosses Port Jackson. This city on Botany Bay hosted the 2000 Summer Olympics and features a Jørn Utzon (YORN OOT-zahn)-designed structure whose roof resembles sails. For 10 points, name this Australian city that contains a landmark opera house.
ANSWER: Sydney
106
1. This man poses against his horse Blueskin in a painting by John Trumbull. This man was depicted in a rotunda fresco painted by Constantino Brumidi (broo-MEE-dee) which shows his apotheosis (up-AH-thee-OH-sis). In a marble Jean-Antoine Houdon (ooh-don) sculpture located in Virginia's (*) State Capitol, this man leans against a cane. Three old women stand in front of a painting of this man in Grant Wood's Daughters of Revolution. Emmanuel Leutze (loyt-zuh) depicted this man standing in a boat fording an icy river. For 10 points, name this man depicted Crossing the Delaware and on the one-dollar bill.
ANSWER: George Washington
107
2. A man of this name is asked to “dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue.” That beggar with this name is taken to Abraham's bosom while a rich man speaks to the pair in hell. A story about a man of this name, which is the last of the seven signs in the Gospel of John, contains the shortest Bible verse, (*) “Jesus wept.” That man's sister Martha tells Jesus that man of this name stinks, since he was in a cave for four days. For 10 points, give this name of a man from Bethany whom Jesus raised from the dead.
ANSWER: Lazarus
108
3. A user on this platform with the screen name DaddyOFive was at the center of criticisms about emotional child abuse on this platform. This platform is the namesake of a style of video that surreally edits pre-existing content together; that style of video combines this site's name with the word (*) “Poop.” In 2021, the counts of dislikes for individual posts on this platform were hidden. Successful content creators on this platform are given “Play Button” awards. For 10 points, name this video streaming platform owned by Google.
ANSWER: YouTube
109
4. Richard Lee's work in this desert, where Lee “ate Christmas,” was analyzed at the “Man the Hunter” symposium. Marshall Sahlins created the “original affluent society” hypothesis based on residents of this desert. Louis Liebenberg's studies of kudu (KOO-doo) hunts in this desert supported the endurance running hypothesis. Lorna and John Marshall filmed the (*) !Kung (kung) people in this desert, whose indigenous San are sometimes known as Bushmen. For 10 points, the world's genetically oldest humans are found in what desert that covers most of Botswana?
ANSWER: Kalahari Desert
110
5. Charles Lee, who represented the petitioner in this case, argued Stuart v. Laird a week later in another case arising from the same law. This case's petitioner, a Maryland banking magnate, requested the Supreme Court issue a writ of (*) mandamus after being appointed justice of the peace in order to claim a commission as a “Midnight Judge.” The Court unanimously ruled part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional in this case. For 10 points, name this 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.
ANSWER: Marbury v. Madison
111
6. A Weston cell is used to calibrate devices that measure this quantity; those devices usually have a high resistance. A difference in this quantity is produced when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current in the Hall effect. The sum of this quantity around a loop equals zero according to (*) Kirchoff's (KEER-kahf's) law for this quantity. This quantity is equal to current times resistance according to Ohm's law. For 10 points, name this quantity that is stored in batteries and measured in volts.
ANSWER: voltage [or electric potential; or electromotive force; or EMF]
112
7. The second section of this piece repeats a triplet motif which the composer whistled at home to his wife Caroline Alice. An amateur pianist warms up in the second section of this piece, whose sections are often titled for initials such as “C.A.E.” This composition, dedicated to Dorabella and other (*) “friends pictured within,” depicts Augustus Jaeger (YAY-gur) in the section “Nimrod.” Sections of this piece are based on a mysterious theme that may be “Rule, Britannia.” For 10 points, name this composition by Edward Elgar.
ANSWER: Enigma Variations [or Variations on an Original Theme]
113
8. During this organ's development, the foramen ovale (for-AIM-en oh-VAL-ee) may fail to close, which could lead to an increase in the chance of stroke. Chordae tendinae (KOR-ai TEN-din-ai) connect the papillary muscles of this organ to both the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve. The (*) SA and AV nodes generate electrical impulses that regulate this organ, whose muscle is damaged in a myocardial infarction. The absence of P waves in an EKG can be a signal of ventricular tachycardia (TAK-ik-ARD-ee-uh) in this organ. For 10 points, name this four-chambered organ that pumps blood through the body.
ANSWER: heart
114
9. In a play about one of these events, a character compares ideas to bean plants and says “Sickly ideas die quickly.” During that play, Henry Drummond is sent from Baltimore to attend this kind of event. In another play featuring one of these events, a character gives a racist rant during which every other character (*) turns their back. In that play by Reginald Rose, one of these events ends with some title characters miming using a switchblade and then exiting to announce their conclusion. For 10 points, name this type of event, at the end of which the 12 Angry Men of a jury vote to acquit.
ANSWER: trial [or jury trial; or court case; or lawsuit; prompt on legal proceeding] [The first play discussed is Inherit the Wind.]
115
10. Astronomical ceremonies may have been held at a site made of this material called the Ring of Brodgar. The Bay of Skaill (scale) houses a settlement made of this material constructed by the Grooved Ware People, called Skara Brae (SKAA-ruh BREE). A site made of this material, part of a world Heritage Site with Avebury (AIV-ber-ee), contains 56 (*) “Aubrey holes,” or chalk pits. Druidic ceremonies were likely held at a site made of this material near Salisbury (SAHLZ-bree) that is 5,000 years old. For 10 points, name this material of a circular Neolithic monument in England, called its “henge.”
ANSWER: stone [or rock; or Stonehenge]
116
11. A minority view of this mechanism believes that it manifests through the action of physical particles called “pudgala” (pood-GAH-lah). This mechanism is more commonly likened to a shadow or the wheels of a cart, which always follow behind. This concept involves a “ripening” of (*) volition into “vipakas” (vee-PAH-kahz) that dictate whether a happy “sugati” (soo-gah-TEE) or unhappy “duggati” (doo-GAH-tee) is the result of rebirth. For 10 points, name this Jain and Buddhist concept of the accumulation of good and bad deeds whose consequences manifest across lives.
ANSWER: karma [or kamma]
117
12. The Lucas numbers are defined by the same parameters as these numbers except for the first two values. Zeckendorf's theorem states that any integer can be written as a sum of nonconsecutive instances of these numbers. These numbers are produced by the sum of the shallow diagonals of (*) Pascal's triangle. The ratio of consecutive numbers in this sequence approaches the golden ratio. This sequence begins with 1, 1, 2, 3, 5. For 10 points, name this sequence formed by continuously adding the current number in the sequence to the previous.
ANSWER: Fibonacci sequence
118
13. In 2018, after a member of this country's parliament used a knife to threaten a recently installed prime minister, the prime minister's allies wounded several MPs by throwing chili powder. 260 people were killed in this country during three simultaneous suicide bombings on Easter 2019. Similarly to an incident in Iraq, protestors in 2022 took over the (*) pool of this country's president, who resigned after fleeing to Singapore during a food and energy crisis. For 10 points, name this Indian Ocean island country formerly run by Gotabaya Rajapaksa (goh-tah-BAH-yah rah-jah-PAHK-sah).
ANSWER: Sri Lanka [Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka; or Shri Lanka Prajatantrika Samajavadi Janarajaya; or Ilankai Jananayaka Choshalichak Kutiyarachu]
119
14. This poet told the addressee “do not look for me” if the title event occurs in “If You Forget Me.” The last poem in a collection by this poet begins with the declaration “The memory of you emerges from the night around me.” That poem by this person repeats the line “In you everything sank” and ends by describing the (*) “hour of departure.” This poet wrote a collection that opens with the declaration “Tonight I can write the saddest lines.” For 10 points, name this Chilean poet of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.
ANSWER: Pablo Neruda [or Neftali Ricardo Reyes y Basoalto]
120
15. This process is responsible for the formation of minerals such as borax and halite, and it also names that class of minerals. The rate of this process can be calculated by how much the level in a Class A pan drops over twenty-four hours. Wet-bulb temperature is lower than dry-bulb temperature in (*) unsaturated air due to this process's cooling effect. This process is one of the three steps in the water cycle along with condensation and precipitation. For 10 points, name this process in which water becomes a gas and enters the atmosphere.
ANSWER: evaporation [prompt on vaporization]
121
16. The Uzura-gakure (oo-zoo-rah-gah-koo-ray) is one of these people's “earth techniques” that requires curling into a ball. The Bansenshūkai (ban-shen-soo-kai) details how these people were trained in the Iga and Koga regions. Objects used by these people include the air-filled mizugumo (mee-zoo-goh-moh), which supposedly let them (*) walk on water, and kunai, which were used to stab holes into walls. These people's practice of tanuki-gakure (tah-noo-kee-gah-koo-ray) involved climbing trees to hide, possibly during assassination missions. For 10 points, name these covert agents in feudal Japan who are often portrayed as clad in black.
ANSWER: ninjas [or shinobi]
122
17. A character created by this author inspired the title of a seminal 1979 Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar book on Victorian literature. This author inspired a later novel set in the Caribbean about Antoinette Cosway. (*) Jean Rhys' (jeen reese's) novel Wide Sargasso Sea was inspired by a novel by this author, in which Grace Poole cares for a woman who is locked in the attic. This author created a character who teaches at the Lowood School before becoming a governess at Thornfield Hall where she falls for Mr. Rochester. For 10 points, name this author of Jane Eyre
ANSWER: Charlotte Bronte [or Currer Bell; prompt on Bronte; prompt on Bell]
123
18. Musicians from this cultural region include Dock Boggs and Bascom Lamar Lunsford. A style of music developed in a smaller part of this region was promoted by Bill Monroe and Earl Scruggs. The Carter Family and a genre called “old time fiddle” originated in this region, whose dulcimer and (*) banjo music inspired Dolly Parton and bluegrass musicians. Songs like “Solidarity Forever” were used for coal mining strikes in this region. The folk song “Cumberland Gap” was written in, for 10 points, what mountainous region of the Eastern United States?
ANSWER: Appalachia [or Appalachian Mountains; prompt on Bluegrass region until “bluegrass” is read]
124
19. A city on this large body of water houses the Fortaleza de São Miguel (FORT-ah-lee-AYZ-uh day SOW mee-GEL) and is the most populous Portuguese-speaking city outside of Brazil. A region along this body of water extends from the Kunene (kuh-NAY-nay) River to the Swakop (swah-KOAP) River and faces intense fog from the Benguela (ben-GAIL-uh) current. The (*) Skeleton Coast is located along this large body of water, as is the city of Luanda. A city along this ocean includes Table Mountain and Robben Island off its coast. Cape Town lies on the coast of, for 10 points, what ocean that touches Angola and South Africa?
ANSWER: Atlantic Ocean [or South Atlantic Ocean; or Luanda Bay until “Kunene” is read]
125
20. After the destruction of this city, so-called “Robinson Crusoes” hid in its ruins for over three months. Groups such as the ZOB, which operated a bunker at Miła (MEE-wah) 18, fought Jürgen (YORG-en) Stroop's forces in this city. A forest near this city was the site of a facility built under Operation Reinhard in the village of (*) Treblinka (treb-LINK-ah). Chłodna (WOHD-noh) Street was an enclave within this city, which in 1939 had the largest Jewish population in Europe. For 10 points, name this Polish city where Jews launched a 1943 uprising against the Nazis from a designated ghetto.
ANSWER: Warsaw [or Warszawa]
126
This prime minister's government secured the return of the “Two Michaels” from China by releasing Meng Wanzhou (MAYNG wahn-JOE). This politician was investigated for accepting inappropriate gifts from the Aga Khan and for family members accepting payments from WE Charity. This person maintained his office in a (*) 2021 election despite Erin O'Toole's Conservative Party receiving about 150,000 more votes. This politician used the Emergencies Act to end the so-called Freedom Convoy of truckers. For 10 points, name this current prime minister of Canada.
Justin Trudeau [or Justin Pierre James Trudeau; prompt on Trudeau]
127
The three g-factors of the electron are the factor accounting for this property, the orbital gfactor, and the Landé (LAHN-day) g-factor. The hypothesized graviton would have a value of two for this property. Opposite half-integer values for this property must be assigned to two electrons in an orbital according to an (*) exclusion principle named for Pauli. The Stern-Gerlach experiment used a beam of silver atoms to show that electrons have this property. For 10 points, name this form of intrinsic angular momentum possessed by quantum particles.
spin
128
The lackluster response to a devastating 1985 earthquake in this city damaged president Miguel de la Madrid's reputation. In 1968, protestors were gunned down at the Plaza de las Tres Culturas in this city's Tlatelolco (tuh-LAT-lee-LOH-koh) neighborhood shortly before it hosted the (*) Summer Olympics. The Institutional Revolutionary Party ruled from this capital city from 1929 to 2000. This capital city contains the Museo del Templo Mayor and the Frida Kahlo Museum. For 10 points, name this capital city built over the former Aztec capital.
Mexico City [or Ciudad de México]
129
A painting of one of these events is believed to depict Victorine Meurent (myoo-rawn) along with two of the artist's brothers and was inspired by Titian's (TEE-shun's) Pastoral Concert. Two people in straw hats lean against a diagonal railing in a painting of one of these events. A pink-striped awning frames a painting of one of these events held for a (*) boating party, by Pierre-Auguste Renoir (ren-wawr). Two clothed men and a naked woman lounge by a river in an Edouard Manet (manAY) painting titled after, for 10 points, what event “on the Grass”?
luncheon [or lunch; or picnic; or dejeuner; or Luncheon of the Boating Party; or Luncheon on the Grass; or Le Déjeuner des canotiers; or Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe]
130
The Hepburn Act strengthened federal regulation of this industry, amending an 1887 act. Rutherford B. Hayes sent in federal troops to put down an 1877 “Great Strike” in this industry in West Virginia. Richard Olney sent General Nelson (*) Miles to put down another strike in this industry, which was stopped by Grover Cleveland due to a potential effect on mail delivery. Eugene V. Debs led a strike against this industry's Pullman Company. For 10 points, name this industry, which employed thousands of workers to construct a transcontinental route.
ANSWER: railroad industry [or rail; or trains; or rail cars industry]
131
This poetry cycle notes that “Earth could not answer” when “There was- and then no more of THEE and ME.” An extended metaphor in this collection asks “Who is the Potter, pray, and who the pot?” A Eugene O'Neill comedy is named after a line from these poems, “Ah Wilderness!” This collection notes “The Moving (*) Finger writes: and, having writ, / Moves on,” and asks for “A Jug of Wine, a loaf of Bread- and Thou.” For 10 points, name this set of Persian-language quatrains translated by Edward FitzGerald and attributed to Omar Khayyam (oh-MAR ee-hai-AHM).
ANSWER: Rubaiyat (ROO-bai-ot or ROH-boh-ee-YOT) of Omar Khayyam
132
The public transit system named for this city is the subject of the proposed Connect 400 expansion and has an extreme transfer outpost at the suburban Cumberland Mall. This city's attempt to annex Sandy Springs sparked the “cityhood” movement in its suburbs. The HBCUs Clark, Spelman, and (*) Morehouse are located in this city, where Eric Rudolph carried out a bombing of the Olympics at Centennial Park, which is near the headquarters of Coca-Cola. The busiest airport in the world, Hartsfield-Jackson, serves, for 10 points, what capital of Georgia?
ANSWER: Atlanta
133
The speaker of this poem exhorts to “Rather at once our time devour.” The speaker of this poem thinks his “vegetable love should grow/ Vaster than empires and more slow”, while its addressee “Shouldst rubies find” walking by the Ganges. The speaker of this poem asks its addressee to “refuse/ Till the (*) conversion of the Jews.” The speaker of this poem can “always hear...Time's winged chariot hurrying near.” For 10 points, name this quintessential carpe diem poem that begins “Had we but world enough and time,” and is by Andrew Marvell.
ANSWER: “To His Coy Mistress”
134
This allotrope can be magnetized by contact with smoothed YIG. A “flying carpet” made of this allotrope can be used to deliver TRAIL and DOX in cancer treatment. Andre Geim (heym) discovered this allotrope using scotch tape and mechanical exfoliation. This extremely conductive allotrope is a lattice arranged in a (*) hexagonal shape and is another form of the same substance that comprises buckyballs and diamonds. For 10 points, name this two-dimensional form of carbon whose stacked layers are known as its “-ite” form and are used in pencils.
ANSWER: graphene [prompt on graphite; prompt on carbon until it is read]
135
In an opera by this composer, Clorinda and Tisbe's father hides Angelina, who falls in love with Prince Ramiro. This composer wrote an opera in which the female lead sings the aria “Deh! tu reggi in tal momento” (DEH TOO rej-ee in TAL moh-MAIN-toh) from a scaffold. This composer of La Cenerentola (lah CHAY-nay-REN-toh-lah) wrote an opera that includes a (*) galop called the “March of the Swiss Soldiers” and centers on Gessler forcing the protagonist to shoot an arrow through an apple on Jemmy's head. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of Cinderella, The Thieving Magpie, and William Tell.
ANSWER: Gioachino Rossini [Gioachino Antonio Rossini]
136
This character, who donated part of his lifespan to his descendant Dawood (duh-WOOED), was given the honorific “Chosen of Allah,” or Safiullah (SAH-fee-oo-LAH). Abu Huraira (hoo-RAY-ruh) narrated that people in paradise will all look like this person, who was sixty cubits tall. In Muslim tradition, this husband of Hawwa is considered the first prophet. Because (*) Iblis was made of smokeless fire, Iblis refused Allah's command to bow to this man, who was formed after Allah gave the command “Be” to make him from dust. For 10 points, name this Quranic and Biblical first man.
ANSWER: Adam [or Adem]
137
On a holiday devoted to these people, green mugwort dumplings are commonly eaten. These people are the namesakes of a “tablet” often found at home shrines. Locations devoted to these people are swept in a festival held about two weeks after the spring equinox on which fake money is burned. A central concern in (*) Daoism is often described as “worship” or “reverence” of these people, who are the largest group included in the concept of filial piety. For 10 points, name these usually-deceased family members.
ANSWER: ancestors [or 祔; or fù; or 祖先; or zǔxiān; prompt on fathers; prompt on parents; prompt on dead people; prompt on spirits; prompt on ghosts; prompt on family members until “family members” is read; ]
138
A governor of this region brutally defeated Calgacus (kal-GAK-us) to the north of this region at the Battle of Mons Graupius (MAHNZ GRAO-pee-us). Caligula's (kuh-LIG-yoo-luh's) aborted invasion of this area ended with orders for his troops to gather (*) seashells. Claudius brought elephants during the successful Roman conquest of this region. The Battle of Watling Street ended a rebellion in this region during the reign of Nero that was led by the Iceni (ai-SEE-nee) queen Boudica (BOO-dee-kah). For 10 points, name this region that Julius Caesar briefly invaded by crossing a channel from Gaul.
ANSWER: Britain [or Roman Britain; or Britannia; or Great Britain; or England; do not accept or prompt on “United Kingdom”]
139
This tissue contains cells with a similar name to pancreatic cells, which contain Birbeck granules and are called Langerhans (LAHN-gur-HAHNZ) cells. Corneocytes (KORN-ee-oh-SAITS), which are found in the stratum corneum (STRAT-um KORN-ee-um) of this tissue, are the result of keratinocytes (KER-uh-TIN-oh-saits) differentiating in the stratum basale (STRA-tum baa-SAH-lee). Arrector pili (ah-REK-tor PAI-lee) muscles are found in this tissue, that also contains (*) sebaceous (suh-BAY-shus) glands. UV radiation stimulates the production of Vitamin D in this tissue, which is affected by eczema. For 10 points, name this largest organ, which consists of the dermis and epidermis.
ANSWER: skin
140
In a painting by Sofonisba Anguissola (soh-foh-NEES-bah gwan-SOH-lah), the artist's sisters Lucia and Minerva use these objects while sitting opposite each other. Whale teeth and walrus ivory were used to make a group of these objects named for the Isle of Lewis. Howard Staunton names a popular (*) set of these objects recommended by the organization FIDE (“fee-day”). In the algebraic notation used to describe the movement of these objects, the letter N represents a knight. For 10 points, name these objects used to play a board game that often ends in checkmate.
ANSWER: chess pieces [or black chess pieces; or white chess pieces; or chessmen; or chess sets; or Lewis chessmen; or Lewis chess set; or Uig chessmen]
141
The narrator of a novel by this author recalls hitting her then-fiancé in the face with a board with a rusty nail in it. Fonny is falsely accused of rape and his fiancé attempts to get him out of jail in this author's novel If Beale Street Could Talk. In another novel by this author, the narrator's brother Roy is (*) stabbed on the narrator's 14th birthday. In that novel by this author, John Grimes experiences a series of religious visions. For 10 points, name this African-American author of Go Tell It on the Mountain.
ANSWER: James Baldwin [James Arthur Baldwin]
142
DHCP is used to assign “dynamic” values for this protocol that are automatically assigned each time a device is connected. Four hexadecimal (HEK-suh-DESS-im-ul) digits are used in the sixth version of this protocol which was created after its fourth version began running out of unique labels. (*) DNS, or the Domain Name System, translates website names into this numerical identifier. A network loopback is designated in this protocol by the value 127.0.0.1. For 10 points, name this “address” used to identify devices on a network.
IP address [Internet Protocol address]
143
An owl serves as the logo for this rapper's record label OVO (oh-vee-oh). Damien Hirst designed an album cover for this artist which depicts three rows of emojis of pregnant women. 21 Savage raps “spin a block twice like it (*) ain't nowhere to park” on this artist's song “Jimmy Cooks.” This artist features along with Lil Baby on a DJ Khaled song where he raps “wanted me to lie, wanted me to cry, wanted me to die” before stating that he's “stayin' alive.” For 10 points, name this Torontobased rapper behind the songs “One Dance” and “Hotline Bling.”
ANSWER: Drake [or Aubrey Drake Graham]
144
The sound of a typewriter frames a scene in this film which ends with a man calling its title object an “absolute good.” In this film's epilogue, its lead actor lays roses while others lay stones on the grave of its title character, in the Catholic cemetery on Mount Zion. A man sees a girl in a red coat on a wagon full of (*) bodies in this otherwise black-and-white film, during antagonist Amon Goth's liquidation of the Krakow ghetto. For 10 points, name this 1993 Steven Spielberg film in which an industrialist saves Jews from the Holocaust.
ANSWER: Schindler's List
145
This kingdom's objection to the November Constitution caused it to lead an alliance against Denmark in the Second Schlewsig (SHLAY-shveek) War. This kingdom's name is used for the firstever synthetic dye, which was used to create the distinctive color of its army uniforms. This kingdom's victory in the Seven Weeks War with (*) Austria ended the era of “Großdeutsche” (GROSS-doy-chuh) confederation. Wilhelm I (VIL-helm the first) of this kingdom was elevated to emperor when the German empire was proclaimed near the end of another war won by, for 10 points, what kingdom that defeated France in 1871?
ANSWER: Prussia [Kingdom of Prussia; or Königreich Preußen]
146
This effect is not seen in saturated absorption spectroscopy (spek-TRAH-skuh-pee), which avoids the thermal broadening of spectral lines caused by this phenomenon. Walter Kundig used the Mössbauer (MOSS-bau-er) effect in an experiment on this phenomenon, after canal rays were utilized to measure the (*) transverse form of this effect in the Ives-Stilwell experiment. Echocardiograms (EK-oh-KARD-ee-uh-gramz) use this effect to determine the velocity of blood flow, and this effect is responsible for redshift. For 10 points, name this effect that is illustrated by the change in pitch of a siren as it passes by.
ANSWER: Doppler effect [or Doppler shift]
147
Institutions of this kind that are considered “global systemically important” are often subjected to special regulations formulated by the Basel Committee. The activities of these institutions were deregulated by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which repealed a key portion of the earlier (*) GlassSteagall Act. The largest of these institutions are called the “bulge bracket.” Formerly; consumer-facing, commercial, and investment functions could not be combined in, for 10 points, what financial institutions that take deposits?
ANSWER: banks [or investment banks]
148
Phoebus Levene's ideas about this molecule's function did not fall out of favor until radioactive phosphorus and sulfur tags and a centrifugation step were used on this molecule in the HersheyChase experiment. Square Bessel functions were used to explain diffraction by this molecule by Maurice (*) Wilkins. “Photo 51” is an x-ray crystallography image of this molecule taken by Raymond Gosling and interpreted by Rosalind Franklin. For 10 points, name this molecule whose double helix structure, modeled by Watson and Crick, carries the genetic code.
ANSWER: DNA [or deoxyribonucleic acid]
149
In this state, a woman told a photographer that she sold her car tires and lived on frozen vegetables. Eadweard Muybridge's (Edward MOY-brij's) series Sallie Gardner at a Gallop was made in this state. Florence Owens Thompson is the subject of a photo taken in this state, where the moon appears over a (*) rock face in another photograph. Sites such as Manzanar (MAN-zuh-nar) in this state were photographed by Ansel Adams and Dorothea Lange (LANG), who documented Japanese internment camps. Migrant Mother was taken in, for 10 points, what state, where Moon and Half Dome shows Yosemite (yoh-SEM-it-ee)?
ANSWER: California
150
The potential energy of a harmonic oscillator is represented by this kind of function. A function of this type published by Euler (OY-lur) generates a prime for the function's first forty positive integer outputs. One method for solving functions of this type uses one of Vieta's formulas, and another method for solving them is (*) completing the square. A formula named for functions of this type contains the term “square root of b squared minus four ac.” For 10 points, name these degree-two polynomials that take the shape of a parabola.
ANSWER: quadratic equation [or functions of degree two until “degree-two” is read; prompt on polynomials until “polynomials” is read]
151
At the start of this decade, a coal-for-food exchange was arranged at the Spa Conference. During this decade, Carl von Ossietzky (KARL von ahs-YET-skee) began to expose the illegal “Black Reichswehr” (RAIS-veer). The occupation of the Ruhr (roar) in this decade was ended by the adoption of the (*) Dawes Plan. In this decade, the Kampfbund (KAMF-bund) staged a failed coup at a beer hall in Munich a year prior to the start of a hyperinflationary period. For 10 points, name this decade in which the Weimar (VAI-mar) Republic repeatedly failed to pay reparations demanded by the prior decade's Treaty of Versailles (vair-SAI).
ANSWER: 1920s [prompt on 20s]
152
One of these features “of Death” covers the provinces of Nimruz (NIM-rooz) and Helmand (HELmund). One of these features between the Amu Darya (AA-moo DAAR-yuh) and Syr Darya (SEER DAAR-yuh) is the native habitat of Russian tortoises and is called the Kyzylkum (kuh-ZEEL-koom). A so-called “death worm” is said to live in one of these features. The largest of these features completely within China is west of (*) Lop Nur and includes Kashgar and Urumqi (oo-RUM-chee). The Tian Shan mountains divide one of these features called the Taklamakan (TAHK-lim-uh-KAHN) from another with snow-capped dunes. For 10 points, name these dry features such as the Gobi.
ANSWER: deserts
153
The founding of a religious tradition from this region is recorded in the Testament of Ba, in which Samye (SAHM-yay) is begun by Rinpoche (rin-poh-CHAY). The Nyingma (NING-mah) literature of this region includes the Bardo Thodol (BAR-doh thud-AHL). A religious tradition from this region includes a high-ranking (*) “Panchen” (PON-chen) position. A leader of a tradition from this region known as the “Yellow Hat” sect, who was born as Tenzin Gyatso (TEN-zin gee-AHT-soh), was exiled and now lives in India. For 10 points, what region's religious literature includes the Buddhist writings of the Dalai Lama?
ANSWER: Tibet [or Bod; or Xizang; do not accept or prompt on “Xinjiang”]
154
A commentator with this surname cited “women in combat units” and “homosexual rights” as things he opposed “in a nation we still call God's country.” That person with this name gave the “culture war” speech at the 1992 Republican National Convention. During the last months in office of a President with this surname, Lewis Cass (*) resigned as Secretary of State and the Crittenden Compromise failed. That president with this surname ordered an attempt to reinforce Fort Sumter. For 10 points, give this surname of the president who left office near the start of the Civil War.
ANSWER: Buchanan [or Pat Buchanan; or Patrick Joseph Buchanan; or James Buchanan Jr.]
155
The last track of the album Return to Forever is named for this country and was composed by Chick Corea (kuh-REE-uh). A song called “Will o' the Wisp” appears on side one of an album named for this country, whose tracks “The Pan Piper” and “Saeta” (sai-AY-tuh) were written by Gil Evans. Teo Macero (TAY-oh mah-SAY-roh) produced a Miles Davis album titled for (*) Sketches of this country, which includes the second movement of native composer Joaquín Rodrigo's (wah-KEEN rah-DREE-gohz) Concierto de Aranjuez (kahns-YAIR-toh day-rahn-WEZ). Many jazz standards were inspired by the flamenco (flah-MAIN-koh) music of, for 10 points, what European country?
ANSWER: Spain [Kingdom of Spain; or Reino de España]
156
The title poem of a collection by this author described “Two who are Mostly Good” for whom “Dinner is a casual affair.” This author ended a poem by saying “Believe me, I knew you, though faintly” in a poem that begins by declaring “Abortions will not let you forget.” This author of the collection The (*) Bean Eaters and the poem “the mother,” described a group that “Left school,” “Sing sin,” and “Thin gin” in a poem about “Seven at the Golden Shovel.” For 10 points, name this poet who wrote about young pool players in “We Real Cool.”
ANSWER: Gwendolyn Brooks
157
Tutter the mouse lives in the kitchen of one of these other animals. A 2022 Hulu series that centers on a young Chicago chef is named after one of these animals. The sea type of these animals can be attracted by eating cubed cheese or playing the clarinet badly, but (*) Spongebob knows that drawing a circle in the sand will prevent their attack. Three brothers that are this kind of animal form a “stack” to move around town; the oldest of those is Grizz. For 10 points, name this type of animal whose “panda” type is also featured in that show.
ANSWER: bears [The unnamed shows are Bear in the Big Blue House and We Bare Bears.]
158
During a period of financial stress in this war, the Lex Oppia (op-EE-ah) was passed, limiting women's public display of wealth. The Battle of Ilipa (ill-AH-pa) in this war drove one side out of Iberia. After being granted emergency dictatorial powers in this war, Quintus Fabius Maximus adopted a cautious “delaying” strategy. The losing commander of this war was initially victorious at (*) Trebia, Lake Trasimene (TRAA-sim-een), and Cannae (KAA-nay) after making an arduous crossing of the Alps. For 10 points, name this war lost by Carthaginian forces under Hannibal.
ANSWER: Second Punic War [prompt on Punic Wars]
159
This character is predicted to “tenderly be led by the nose / As asses are” in a speech closing Act 1. This character says of his love that “so sweet was never so fatal” before concluding he “loved not wisely but too well.” This character is the addressee of a speech that calls jealousy a (*) “green eyed monster,” and this man kills himself after being fooled by a scheme involving his wife's handkerchief. Iago (ee-AH-goh) plots against this husband of Desdemona (DEZ-duh-MOH-nuh). For 10 points, name this “Moor of Venice” who titles a Shakespeare play.
ANSWER: Othello
160
A philosopher who worked full-time for this organization theorized that a full merging of all consciousness is impending at the “omega point” in The Phenomenon of Man. This organization's advocacy of the “double effect” doctrine is explored in the moral philosophy of the author of Intention. A head of this organization issued (*) Evangelium Vitae (ee-van-JEL-ee-um VEE-tay) to restate its position on abortion. Elizabeth Anscombe and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (pee-YAIR TAI-yar doo SHAR-duh) were 20th-century philosophers who belonged to, for 10 points, what church in which Chardin was a Jesuit priest?
ANSWER: Roman Catholic Church [or Roman Catholicism; or Jesuits or Society of Jesus until “Fides” is read]
161
This thinker analogized his ideas to Charles Lyell's conclusions about uniformitarianism in a passage comparing “the excavation of a great valley” to “continued creation.” This scientist spent eight years studying barnacles and created the still-used taxonomic classification of that subclass. This scientist examined human sexual selection in his book The (*) Descent of Man. While aboard the HMS Beagle, this man collected specimens of Galapagos finches. For 10 points, name this biologist who described natural selection in On the Origin of Species.
ANSWER: Charles Darwin
162
This character carries a pop gun in a short from Make Mine Music narrated by Sterling Holloway, which features a happier ending than the original version commissioned by Natalya Sats. A friend of this title character who earlier argues over the merits of swimming and flying helps this character lasso an opponent's tail. In a (*) “symphonic fairy tale,” a string quartet represents this Young Pioneer, whose grandfather warns of a wild predator. For 10 points, name this character from a Sergei Prokofiev (SUR-gay pro-KAH-fee-ev) composition titled for him “and the Wolf.”
ANSWER: Peter [or Petya]
163
In this state in 2022, the Fern Hollow Bridge collapsed on the same day that Joe Biden was scheduled to speak nearby about infrastructure. A candidate whose slogan is “walk with free people” was criticized for not interacting with voters in this state. Rudy Giuliani held a press conference outside of (*) Four Seasons Total Landscaping in this state, whose 2022 Senate candidates have feuded over the Democrat's health and the Republican never living here. For 10 points, name this state where John Fetterman and Mehmet Oz are running for office.
ANSWER: Pennsylvania
164
People who held this position oversaw building feats including the fortress of Sacsayhuamán (SAK-say-wah-MAHN) and a road network used by chasquis (CHAH-skees). During a civil war between two half-brothers claiming this position, Atoc won the Battle of Chillopampa (CHEE-yohPAHM-pah) prior to several victories by Quizquiz (KEEZ-keez). This title was abolished following the execution of (*) Tupac Amaru I (TOO-pahk ah-MAH-roo the first). A holder of this position offered a room full of gold to Francisco Pizarro in 1532. For 10 points, identify this position held by Atahualpa (ah-tah-WAL-pah) that led an empire in the Andes.
ANSWER: Incan emperor [or Sapa Inca; or emperor of the Incans; or emperor of the Incan empire]
165
This quantity multiplied by the speed of light represents the Y-axis on a Minkowski (minKAHV-skee) diagram. The letter tau denotes the “proper” form of this quantity measured along a worldline. The change in length and this quantity is measured by the Lorentz (luh-RENZ) factor in (*) special relativity. GPS satellites must continuously correct themselves due to the gravitational dilation of this quantity. The change in velocity with respect to this quantity gives acceleration. For 10 points, name this quantity commonly measured in seconds.
ANSWER: time
166
A poetry collection in this language begins with a series of contradictions such as “I burn and yet I freeze.” An early humanist writing in this language described the “Ascent of Mount Ventoux” (VOW-too). A poetry collection in this language starts “You who hear the sound, in scattered rhymes,” and is addressed to the author's lover, (*) Laura. Many poems in this language use a scheme whose name means “third rhyme.” For 10 points, name this language used to write Il Canzoniere (eel KAN-sun-YAIR-ee) by Petrarch.
ANSWER: Italian language
167
In the largest churches, the standard position regarding this field of religious thought relies on the Greek word “homoousios” (hoh-moh-OO-shus). Conclusions in this subject made at the Council of Chalcedon (KAL-see-din) are rejected by Oriental Orthodox churches, whose position on this subject is often called (*) “miaphysite” (MEE-aaf-IZ-ait). This field of study seeks precise definitions of words such as “substance,” “person,” and “nature” and is closely tied to explaining the Trinity. For 10 points, name this field of theology which seeks to explain how God and man can both exist in the Savior.
ANSWER: Christology [or theology of the nature of Jesus; or theology of the nature of Christ; or theology of the Trinity until “Trinity” is read; or Trinitarianism until “Trinity” is read]
168
The three-legged crow sometimes called Yangwu (yahng-WOO) inhabits this object. Some instances of this object are the sons of Xihe (SHEE-huh). A goddess of this object tolerates her brother burning her rice fields but retreats away after one of her weaving maidens is killed. The archer Hou-yi (ho-YEE) shoots (*) several examples of this object when they all appear at once, leaving only one. Amaterasu (ah-mah-ter-AH-soo) was the Shinto god of this object and jeopardized the world by hiding it in a cave. For 10 points, Chinese myth believed that a dragon eating what object caused total eclipses?
ANSWER: the sun
169
A candidate in this election served at the time as Secretary of the Treasury after Alexander Dallas and ran alongside Nathaniel Macon. Secretary of the Navy Smith Thompson withdrew from this election, in which losing candidate William Crawford carried two states. The House of Representatives selected the (*) winner of this election after Henry Clay was eliminated. Despite winning the popular vote, this election's loser called it a “corrupt bargain.” For 10 points, name this election year in which John Quincy Adams defeated Andrew Jackson.
ANSWER: United States Presidential election of 1824
170
An island of this province is separated from the mainland by the Strait of Canso. The tourist spot of Peggy's Cove sits on St. Margarets Bay in this province, which includes Cape Breton Island. Citadel Hill sits in the center of this province's largest city, which contains the (*) Maritime Museum of the Atlantic and was the site of a 1917 ship explosion. This province was once the peninsular part of the French colony of Acadia, whose mainland portion became New Brunswick. For 10 points, name this Canadian province governed from Halifax.
ANSWER: Nova Scotia [or Nouvelle-Écosse]
171
This 23-species polyphyletic group includes a species that, in 2021, was discovered to contain two females that reproduced by parthenogenesis (PAR-thuh-no-JEN-uh-sis) despite having access to reproductively capable males. Another species in the group commonly known by this name uses a large olfactory lobe to follow the scent of ethyl mercaptan to find food. The (*) Old World and New World varieties of this bird belong to different families, but both display bald heads due to convergent evolution. For 10 points, give this term for a bird of prey that scavenges on carrion.
ANSWER: vultures
172
The launch of this military campaign ended an eight-month period of relative inaction dubbed the “Phony War.” Maxime Weygand's (max-EEM VAY-gah's) planned counterattack failed to stop this campaign. The Second Armistice at Compiègne (kahm-PEN-yeh) was signed just six weeks after the start of this campaign, which took a route through the (*) Ardennes (ARD-en) Forest that bypassed the Maginot (MAA-jin-oh) Line and led to the creation of the Vichy (VEE-shee) government. For 10 points, name this World War II Nazi-led campaign whose outcome forced Charles de Gaulle (SHARL day GOAL) to flee to Britain.
ANSWER: Battle of France [or German invasion of France; or Axis defeat of France in World War II; or Nazi invasion of France until “Nazi” is read]
173
The earliest depiction of the dodo bird in color was made by this dynasty's artist Ustad Mansur (OO-stahd mahn-SOOR). The painting Prince with a Falcon depicts a popular hobby of this dynasty in a form used up to 1400 times in some of its manuscripts, miniature painting. Over 410 fountains were included in the Shalimar Gardens during this dynasty, whose architect (*) Ustad Lahauri (OOstad lah-hah-OR-ee) designed a tomb for Mumtaz (MOOM-tahz). For 10 points, name this dynasty whose emperor Shah Jahan (jah-HAHN) commissioned the Taj Mahal during its rule as the last Muslim dynasty to control most of India.
ANSWER: Mughal dynasty [or Mughals; or Mughal empire]
174
This character notes that “only the gods can never age...all else...time obliterates.” This character opens a play by trespassing on ground sacred to the Furies in a town near Athens where Theseus (THEES-ee-us) receives him. Another play titled for this character opens with the use of olive branches to combat a (*) plague. This character sends Creon to the Oracle of Delphi (DEL-fai) to investigate the death of his father, Laius (LAI-us). For 10 points, name this king of Thebes (theebz) who titles a Sophocles (SAH-fuh-kleez) play in which he learns he has killed his father and married his mother.
ANSWER: Oedipus (ED-ip-us) [or Oedipus Rex; or Oedipus at Colonus]
175
This present-day country was long the main home of a Gnostic (NAH-stik) group that despises the “lord of darkness” Krun and the demiurge (DEM-ee-urj) Ptahil (pit-AH-hil) and believes John the Baptist was the final prophet. The largest regular gathering in the world is the Arba'een (ARBai-EEN) Pilgrimage in this country. (*) Mandaeans (MAN-day-inz) lived in this country, which is home to the most popular shrines to imams visited on Ashura (AA-shoo-RAH), in Karbala (kar-BAH-lah) and Najaf (nah-JAHF). For 10 points, what Arab country is the second most populous majority Shia Muslim country in the world, after neighboring Iran?
ANSWER: Iraq [Republic of Iraq; or Jumhūriīyet al-ʿIrāq]
176
The Tanzi effect theorizes that increases in this economic phenomenon will decrease a government's ability to effectively collect tax. This phenomenon is related to two measures of the interest rate by the Fisher effect. When this phenomenon rises, peripheral “shoe leather” and (*) “menu” costs also go up. The Phillips curve connects increases in this phenomenon with decreases in unemployment rates. The consumer price index is used to estimate the rate of this economic phenomenon. For 10 points, name this phenomenon of general price increases.
ANSWER: inflation
177
This particle is predicted to have a half-life of at least 1032 (ten to the thirty-second) years, and it may decay into a pion and a positron, though its decay has never been observed. In beta-plus decay this particle decays to a neutron, which results in the emission of an electron neutrino and a positron. (*) By firing alpha particles into nitrogen gas, Ernest Rutherford discovered this particle in 1919. The number of these particles in an atom determines atomic number. For 10 points, name these positively charged particles found in the atom's nucleus.
ANSWER: proton
178
In the latest installment in this franchise, the company Biosyn produces genetically modified locusts. That movie from this franchise includes a reunion between Dr. Ian Malcom and Dr. Ellie Sattler. The title location for the first three movies in this franchise is owned by John Hammond and is on (*) Isla Nublar (EES-kah noo-BLAR). The Chris Pratt-played Owen Grady is introduced in the fourth film in this franchise as the trainer for Blue and other velociraptors. For 10 points, name this movie franchise about a theme park filled with dinosaurs.
ANSWER: Jurassic Park [or Jurassic World]
179
This country is the home of the current head of the World Trade Organization. In this country's towns of Jangebe (JAIN-guh-bay) and Kagara (KAH-gah-rah), students were kidnapped from schools in 2021. This country's president was criticized for traveling to the UK for treatment of suspected Ménière's (meh-nee-EERS) disease. This country banned (*) Twitter in 2021 after the company deleted a tweet by its president which referenced the Biafran Civil War. For 10 points, what African country's president Muhammadu Buhari (muh-HA-muh-doo boo-HA-ree) continues to struggle against Boko Haram?
ANSWER: Nigeria [Federal Republic of Nigeria]
180
Damage done by this king's army is referred to by the German term Perserschutt (PAIR-zairshoot). Queen Artemisia fought for this king in a battle that he allegedly watched from a throne set up on Mount Aigaleo (AY-guh-LAY-oh). This king's forces were decisively defeated at the Battle of (*) Plataea (plut-AY-uh), after which Athens founded the Delian League. Despite winning the Battle of Thermopylae (therm-AH-puh-lai), this king's invasion of Greece was repelled. For 10 points, name this Persian king who defeated Leonidas (LEE-oh-NAI-dus) and his 300 Spartans and was the son of Darius (duh-RAI-us) the Great.
ANSWER: Xerxes I (ZERK-seez the first) [or Xerxes the Great]
181
In a novel set in this state, a character runs a scam reselling beans in order to regain the fortune his father lost. In a novel set in this state, a character describes how his Chinese scholar relatives have discovered that the Hebrew word “timshel” (tim-SHEL) translates to “thou mayest.” In a novel, (*) Jim Casy is arrested in this state for knocking out a police officer and a starving man here is breastfed by Rose of Sharon. For 10 points, name this state to which the Joad family travels in John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath.
ANSWER: California [or CA]
182
This artistic genre was the lowest on the French Academy's hierarchy of painting. Francisco Zurbarán (zoor-boo-RAHN) pioneered a Spanish subgenre of this kind of art called bodegónes (bohday-HOH-nays). This artistic genre was the main output of Dutch artists Rachel Ruysch (rah-SHEL rowsh) and Clara Peeters. Several paintings in this genre depict (*) skulls stacked on top of each other. Paul Cezanne (say-ZAHN) often included apples in examples of this genre. For 10 points, name this genre of painting that depicts inanimate objects.
ANSWER: still lifes [or still lives]
183
The characteristic polynomials of these objects are used to calculate a value denoted lambda that quantifies how much their eigenvectors (AI-gen-vek-turz) are scaled. The symmetric kind of these objects are equal to their transpose. Cramer's rule is used to find solutions to systems of (*) linear equations using these objects. Multiplication is not commutative in these objects, whose identity type contains only ones and zeroes. The formula “a times d minus b times c” gives the determinant of these objects. For 10 points, name these rectangular arrays of numbers.
ANSWER: matrix [prompt on determinant until it is read]
184
A man jots down an address on a shirt cuff in this play just after another character formulates a story about a person being “carried off suddenly, in Paris, by a severe chill.” A character in this play states that losing “one parent” “may be regarded as a misfortune; to lose both looks like (*) carelessness.” Reverend Chasuble interrupts a German lesson to flirt with Miss Prism in this play, which describes the habit of “Bunburying” to avoid responsibilities. For 10 points, name this play about the double life of Jack Worthing, by Oscar Wilde.
ANSWER: The Importance of Being Earnest
185
A colloid of this element can be formed in the Turkevich (TUR-kuh-vitch) method using sodium citrate, which can then be used to label antigens in electron microscopy (mai-KRAH-skuh-pee). Like platinum, this element dissolves in a mix of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. Alpha particles were (*) shot at a thin sheet of this metal to prove that atoms have a positively charged nucleus in the Rutherford experiment. Aqua regia (AH-kwah REJ-ee-uh) dissolves this metal, for which pyrite is easily confused. For 10 points, name this noble metal with symbol Au and a lustrous yellow appearance.
ANSWER: gold [or Au until it is read]
186
The Tunes to Make You Run Away were written for this instrument. “The Hills of Anacapri” and “Dancers of Delphi” are found in a cycle of twenty-four pieces for this instrument that was one of the first such books to eschew tonal centers. Erik Satie’s Gymnopédies (jim-NOH-pay-dee) and (*) Claude Debussy’s (DUH-byoo-say’s) Preludes are written for this instrument, which Vladimir Horowitz and Martha Argerich (MAR-thah-hah-REECH) performed. For 10 points, name this instrument sometimes taught via the Bastien method, which has three pedals and 88 keys.
ANSWER: piano [or pianoforte]
187
The first use of these things in China is legendarily dated to King Wuling of the Zhao's order to train with them in exactly 307 BC, probably two thousand years after their true introduction. The Mongol Yam (yahm) system provided people with food, shelter, and these things. The Ferghana Valley was home to (*) “heavenly” examples of these things, which were first used for warfare in China by the nomadic Hu people. During the Shang dynasty, war chariots were pulled by, for 10 points, what animals central to Mongol cavalry warfare?
ANSWER: horses [or warhorses]
188
In the final section of a novel by this author, the title character and a “Lancashire (LAIN-kuhsher) husband” Jemmy are transported to colonial Maryland and Virginia. This author was inspired by a real woman whom he met while imprisoned at Newgate to write (*) Moll Flanders. This man discussed an epidemic of 1665 in his fictionalized Journal of the Plague Year. A character created by this author employs Xury (ZUR-ee) and Friday during 28 years on a pre-modern island. For 10 points, name this English author of Robinson Crusoe.
ANSWER: Daniel Defoe [or Daniel Foe]
189
This man's 1957 visit to the Turkish embassy in his country ended a summer crisis over military influence in Syria. This leader, who launched the failed Virgin Lands Campaign, left the Four Powers Summit after only a day due to tensions over the (*) U-2 incident. The satellite Sputnik was launched under this leader, with whom Fidel Castro struck a deal to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. This leader's “Secret Speech” denounced the repression of the Stalin era. For 10 points, name this Soviet politician who bested Georgy Malenkov in a 1950s leadership struggle.
ANSWER: Nikita Khrushchev (KROOSH-chev) [Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev]
190
A substance whose common name includes this noun contains antimony (ant-IM-uh-nee) and fluorine, can be used to stabilize carbocations (KAR-boh-KAT-ai-onz) in solution, and is the “magic” example of this kind of substance. When these substances have a Hammett function below negative twelve, they are the (*) “super” variety. One definition of these substances includes boron trifluoride due to being an electron pair acceptor. The Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry definitions apply to, for 10 points, what substances such as the acetic type in vinegar, that have a pH less than seven?
ANSWER: acids [or magic acid or superacids]
191
This director is credited with being the first to aim a camera directly into the sun. A film by this director follows two scoundrel characters who learn that the reason they can't start a cooking fire is that their branches are full of gold. A shot of four burial mounds topped with swords ends a lengthy film by this director in which a man disguised as a (*) monk joins a group that agrees to fight musket-wielding bandits to defend a village. For 10 points, who directed The Hidden Fortress, Throne of Blood, and Seven Samurai in his native Japan?
ANSWER: Akira Kurosawa (koo-roh-SAH-wah)
192
Part of the U.S. Army 85th Division was diverted from this war to join the Polar Bear Expedition. A predominantly Black regiment in this war was nicknamed the Harlem Hellfighters. This war marked the peak in popularity of the term (*) “doughboys” for front-line soldiers. The American Expeditionary Forces were led by John Pershing in this war, which the U.S. joined after a telegram sent to Mexico from Arthur Zimmerman was intercepted. For 10 points, Woodrow Wilson led the U.S. through what 1910s conflict?
ANSWER: World War I [or First World War; or the Great War]
193
The first profile in a book of “Great” performers by Harold Schonberg discusses this musician's preference for Stein instruments despite buying from Anton Walter. Joseph II unofficially considered this performer the winner of a formally tied musical duel with Muzio Clementi (MOOTsay-oh CLEM-en-tee). This musician learned piano to emulate his sister (*) Nannerl (NAH-nurl). His A major 11th piano sonata ends with a movement imitating Janissary (JAN-is-air-ee) bands. For 10 points, name this native son of Salzburg who composed the “Rondo alla Turca” and was an Austrian Classical prodigy.
ANSWER: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart [Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; or Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart]
194
Weapons in this game include Exagryph (ECKS-ah-griff), the Adamant Rail; and Varatha, the Eternal Spear. The Lucky Tooth, which restores health upon death, can be obtained in this game by giving a gift to Skelly. In this game, a “Barge of Death” can be encountered in (*) Asphodel (AZfuh-del) before a boss fight against a bone hydra nicknamed Lernie. This roguelike dungeon crawler made by Supergiant Games features Megaera (meg-AIR-uh) and Thanatos (THAA-nuh-tohs) as love interests. For 10 points, name this game with a title alluding to Zagreus's (zuh-GREY-us's) divine father, who rules the underworld.
ANSWER: Hades
195
Mass movements of this kind of matter in the atmosphere can result in Birkeland currents. Tension on magnetic field lines results in low-frequency oscillations in this matter called Alfven waves. This matter is treated like a fluid in the field of (*) magnetohydrodynamics, and a magnetic field is used to confine this kind of matter in the shape of a torus in a tokamak (TOW-kuh-mak). Auroras are an example of this matter, whose partially ionized form makes up lightning. For 10 points, name this “fourth state of matter” that comprises the Sun.
ANSWER: plasma
196
This god critiques the practice of selor, or sorcery, as effeminate in a poem named after him, which features his invocation of the rite of hospitality and begins at a feast of Aegir (AY-jeer). This god's son Narfi was killed in order to create a set of ropes. This god stands at the helm of the Nagelfar (NAA-gul-far), a ship made of nails. This god turned into a (*) fly to annoy the dwarf Brokk as the dwarf tried to make Mjolnir (MYOL-neer) for Thor. This god planned the death of Balder by giving Hodr (HOE-dur) mistletoe. For 10 points, name this Norse trickster god.
ANSWER: Loki
197
This peninsula's Loltun Caves contain paintings and is on the Ruta Puuc (ROO-tah pook) route to Labna. A war in this region included the seizure of Valladolid (vai-yah-DOH-leed) before a march to Mérida (MAY-ree-dah). Chetumal (CHAY-too-mahl) is the capital of a state on this peninsula called (*) Quintana Roo. This region, whose town of Tulum features historical ruins, is the site of the Chicxulub (CHAIK-chu-LOOB) Crater off its northwest coast. The Temple of Kukulcán (kookool-KAHN) is a popular site in this peninsula's city of Chichen Itza (CHEE-chen EET-sah). For 10 points, name this peninsula that separates the Gulf of Mexico from the Caribbean Sea.
ANSWER: Yucatán Peninsula
198
A monocle-wearing character in this novella is said to be able to “turn black into white” to justify taking additional milk and apples. A character in this book is visited multiple times a day as his progress in designing a windmill is tracked. Characters in this novella are taught the song (*) “Beasts of England” by Old Major. A maxim in this novella is changed to refer to some members of a group being “more equal than others.” Napoleon murders his fellow revolutionary pig Snowball in, for 10 points, what novella by George Orwell?
ANSWER: Animal Farm
199
In this state, Mohamed Noor was convicted for shooting a woman who called 911 to report witnessing an assault, named Justine Diamond. A cafeteria worker was shot in this state on a livestream after informing police about a licensed firearm. Philando Castile was killed in this state, where Alexander Kueng and (*) Tou Thao are scheduled to go on trial in 2022 for events that already led to the murder conviction of Derek Chauvin. For 10 points, name this state that became a summer 2020 protest flashpoint after the police killing of George Floyd.
ANSWER: Minnesota
200
In a novel by this author, a teacher leaves town after drunkenly destroying the furniture in Kohler's house, and doctor Howard Archie supports Moonstone native Thea Kronberg's aspirations to be an opera singer. Two immigrants in a novel by this author were banished from their hometown for throwing newlyweds to wolves. The title character of that novel by this writer works as a housekeeper for the (*) Harlings and ultimately has ten children with Anton Cuzak. For 10 points, name this author who wrote about Czech settlers in Nebraska in My Ántonia.
ANSWER: Willa Cather [Willa Sibert Cather ]
201
These proteins have varying levels of affinity due to somatic (soh-MAT-ik) hypermutation. Primary and secondary forms of these proteins are used to detect target proteins in a Western blot. The paratope (PAA-ruh-toap) of this kind of protein is unique for one epitope (EP-it-oap), and their interaction works like a (*) lock and key. These proteins are comprised of two heavy chains and two light chains. These proteins have five possible isotopes, and they are produced by B cells. For 10 points, name these Y-shaped proteins that bind to antigens to trigger an immune response.
ANSWER: antibody [or immunoglobulin]
202
Left-leaning sympathizers were murdered in this war during the Bodo League Massacre. U.N. Command forces ambushed at a reservoir in this war were later dubbed the “Chosin Few.” The Armistice Agreement that ended this war was signed shortly after Joseph (*) Stalin's death caused a withdrawal of Soviet support. Douglas MacArthur was removed as Supreme Commander during this war due to Harry Truman's decision not to expand fighting into China. For 10 points, name this war that led to the establishment of a demilitarized zone on an Asian peninsula.
ANSWER: Korean War [or Fatherland Liberation War; or Hanguk Jeonjaeng]
203
An argument against this process dubs it irrational because belief in a “uniformity principle” is neither demonstrative nor moral. A later objection to this process involves the time-dependent colors “grue” and “bleen.” That “new (*) riddle of” this process builds on an Enlightenment-era objection to this process stating “that the sun will not rise tomorrow” is a valid belief. Nelson Goodman and David Hume questioned the reliability of, for 10 points, what process in which general rules or future events are believed in based on past examples?
ANSWER: induction
204
In a painting from this present-day country, a nude torso is to the bottom right of a mechanical elephant. A regime from this country included exhibits such as “The ideal: cretin and whore” in a show that labeled many prominent artists “Degenerate.” An earlier artist from this country often depicted solitary men looking away from the viewer contemplating the landscape, such as in the painting (*) Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog. For 10 points, name this country which was home to Caspar David Friedrich and to the censorship of art by Nazis.
ANSWER: Germany [or Deutschland; or Federal Republic of Germany]
205
The word for this type of animal nicknames Ernst Lanzer, whose ordeal involving a package containing a pair of glasses is discussed in the 1909 paper on a “Case of Obsessional Neurosis.” These animals self-administered morphine less when in a social environment in a Bruce Alexander study named for their “park.” The shortening of an (*) alleyway led these animals to make a loud noise in the Kerplunk experiment. John Watson conditioned Baby Albert to fear one of these animals. Psychologists often experiment on, for 10 points, what large rodents?
ANSWER: rats [or Rattus norvegicus; or Rattus norvegicus; or Rat Man; or Rat Park; or white rats; or laboratory rats; or Norway rats; or Norwegian rats]
206
This number squared over six is the solution to the Basel problem, which concerns an infinite sum of inverse squares. E raised to this number times i is equal to negative one according to Euler's (OY-lur's) identity. Squaring the circle is an impossible task because this number is (*) transcendental. This number is the period of the tangent function, and this number of radians is equal to 180 degrees. This irrational number is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. For 10 points, name this number that is approximately equal to 3.14.
ANSWER: pi
207
Though this novel was written about 150 years before astronomers discovered the moons of Mars, it mentions those bodies in a passage about people who must be constantly hit with bags of stones to keep focus. This novel describes an enlightened race that have no word for lying, the (*) Houyhnhnms (HWIN-imz). In this book, a debate about the proper way to crack an egg leads to a divide between the Big-Endians and Little-Endians. This novel's main character is viewed as a giant by the Lilliputians (lil-ip-OO-shunz). For 10 points, name this novel by Jonathan Swift.
ANSWER: Gulliver's Travels
208
This country's politics were once dominated by the “Generation of '80,” including Julio Roca, who earlier displaced the Mapuche (mah-POO-chay) people during this country's Conquest of the Desert. The 25th article of this country's 1853 constitution promoted European immigration, leading to 60% of this country's present-day population having (*) Italian ancestry. The 1881 Boundary Treaty divided Tierra del Fuego (tee-AIR-ah del FWAY-goh) between this country and a smaller neighbor that shares Patagonia. For 10 points, name this country that has a 3300-mile long border with Chile.
ANSWER: Argentina [or Argentine Republic; or Republica Argentina]
209
The former East India Marine Society of this town provided the core of the large Asian art collection at its Peabody Essex Museum. Two novels by Nathaniel Hawthorne were inspired by Captain John Turner's home in this town and by Hawthorne's ancestor serving as a judge here. Bridget Bishop was the first victim of an event in this town, where (*) Betty Parris and Abigail Williams blamed their behavior on the slave Tituba. For 10 points, name this Massachusetts town in which twenty people were executed in the 1690s after accusations of witchcraft.
ANSWER: Salem, Massachusetts
210
This director collaborated with his last romantic partner Oja Kadar on a film about art forger Elmyr de Hory (EL-meer deh hoh-REE), titled F for Fake. A film by this director opens with a long tracking shot of a car with dynamite in the trunk. This man plays corrupt police captain Hank Quinlan in that film noir, Touch of Evil. In another film by this actor-director, he portrays a character who lives in the mansion (*) Xanadu (ZAN-ah-doo) and marries the singer Susan Alexander in flashbacks following his dying word “Rosebud.” For 10 points, name this director of Citizen Kane.
ANSWER: Orson Welles [George Orson Welles]
211
Male holders of this position practiced polygamy but privileged a single “Great Royal Wife,” a title bestowed on such people as Twosret (twahs-RET). Crowns called hedjet (HEJ-et) and deshret (DESH-ret) were used by holders of this position. A holder of this position was buried at (*) Saqqara (saa-KAH-rah) in a step pyramid designed by Imhotep (IM-hoh-tep). A female holder of this position wore false beards during the Fifteenth Dynasty and co-ruled with Thutmose III (TUT-mohs the third). Djoser (JOH-ser) and Hatshepsut (hot-SHEP-set) were holders of, for 10 points, what title for monarchs of ancient Egypt?
ANSWER: Egyptian pharaoh [prompt on king of Egypt]
212
A sandwich created in this city, the jibarito (hee-bah-REE-toh), is Puerto Rican-inspired and served on fried plantains instead of bread. Grant Achatz (AH-kitz) operates the only three Michelin star restaurant in this city, called Alinea (ah-lin-EE-uh). The (*) Italian beef sandwich originated in this city, where Cracker Jack, brownies, and Juicy Fruit gum all debuted at an 1893 event. A style of hot dog that uses sport peppers and celery salt but not ketchup is from, for 10 points, what midwestern city where the original Uno location created a namesake style of deep dish pizza?
ANSWER: Chicago
213
This novel's ending was changed according to the advice of the author's contemporary Edward Bulwer-Lytton. The protagonist of this novel is accosted in a graveyard and agrees to steal a file for a prisoner. A character in this novel has a room full of stopped clocks and continues to wear her (*) wedding dress. In this novel, the convict Abel Magwitch is arrested by the police. Miss Havisham (HAV-ish-um) raises Estella, whom the main character of this book falls in love with. For 10 points, name this novel about Pip's change in fortune, by Charles Dickens.
ANSWER: Great Expectations
214
Colorful berets inspired the name of a group of this ethnicity who walked out of school during 1968 “blowouts.” A dispute between people of this ethnicity led to the Sleepy Lagoon murder. Workers of this ethnicity were brought to the U.S. during a farm labor shortage under the 1942 (*) Bracero (brah-SAIR-oh) Program. The black eagle was a symbol used by an activist of this ethnicity who popularized the motto “Yes, we can.” The Zoot Suit riots targeted people of, for 10 points, what ethnicity, whose members Dolores Huerta (WAIR-tah) and Cesar Chavez were leaders of the Chicano movement?
ANSWER: Mexican-Americans [or Chicano or Chicana before “Chicano” is read; prompt on Hispanic; prompt on Latino or Latina]
215
A city in this state nicknamed “the cosmic hamlet by the sea” mostly sank during a 1964 earthquake. This state, which contains Homer, is the site of a coastal trail named for governor Tony Knowles. Five percent of this state is Orthodox Christian, by far the largest proportion of any U.S. state. This state's capital is accessed chiefly through a leg of the (*) Marine Highway ferry system and is not connected to the outside road network. For 10 points, name this state separated from the rest of the U.S. by Canada.
ANSWER: Alaska
216
The Higgs mechanism is theorized to generate this quantity for gauge (gayj) bosons. Neutrinos can undergo flavor oscillations due to having a nonzero value for this quantity. In particle physics, this quantity is often expressed in units of electrons-volts divided by (*) “9 times 10 to the 16th”. A unit for this quantity at atomic scales is the Dalton. The energy of a particle is equal to this quantity times the speed of light squared, and force is equal to this quantity times acceleration. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in kilograms.
ANSWER: mass
217
A character in this novel dances with Rosa Diamond all night on her birthday and kills himself with a gun hidden in a djinn's (jin's) lamp. In this novel, Ayesha (ai-EE-shuh) convinces a group of followers to walk with her into the Arabian Sea. This novel opens as two characters miraculously survive a (*) plane crash. A 2022 stabbing at the Chautauqua (chuh-TAWK-wuh) Institution was likely inspired by a 1989 Iranian fatwa (FAHT-wah) issued after the publication of this novel. For 10 points, name this novel titled for a series of controversial Quranic passages and written by Salman Rushdie.
ANSWER: The Satanic Verses
218
In an artwork in this medium found in a church in Ravenna (rah-VEN-uh), Jesus sits on an orb. That same church contains one of these artworks depicting Justinian I (the first) with his court and army. The House of the Faun in Pompeii contains one of these artworks that shows a victory for Alexander at the Battle of Issus. Islamic examples of these artworks decorate the walls at the (*) Alhambra's (ahl-HAHM-brah's) Court of the Lions. These artworks are often made using tesserae (TESSuh-rai), or cut pieces of glass. For 10 points, name these artworks composed of small pieces of tile that form an image.
ANSWER: mosaics [prompt on tiles; prompt on glass]
219
Levels of this compound are monitored by the Chinese satellite TanSat. The concentration of this molecule can be measured using the Keeling Curve. Lake Monoun (mun-OON) and Lake Nyos (NAI-us) have both undergone limnic eruptions, which release this compound. When this compound dissolves in water, it dissociates into a (*) bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion, which leads to ocean acidification. The Kyoto Protocol specifies that human-made emissions of this compound drive global warming. For 10 points, name this compound that has chemical formula CO2.
ANSWER: carbon dioxide [or CO2 until it is read]
220
In a story by this author, Cayetano is recovering from a gunshot in a Montana hospital when three musicians, who are friends of the shooter, visit. The title character of one of this author's stories is shot in the back of his head by his wife Margot after he fires at a charging (*) buffalo. A novella by this author features frequent discussions about Joe DiMaggio between Manolin and the title character, Santiago, who pursues a giant marlin for days. For 10 points, name this author of The Old Man and the Sea.
ANSWER: Ernest Hemingway [Ernest Miller Hemingway]
221
This party announced a platform plank to close a “non-domicile” tax loophole via Shadow Chancellor Rachel Reeves. The former leader of this party, who awarded a peerage to inquiry author Shami Chakrabarti (SHAH-mee shah-krah-BAR-tee), was removed from its whip in 2020. After a landslide loss in the 2019 (*) general election reduced this party to its fewest seats since 1935, October 2022 polls found it leading by 30% against the incumbent government. For 10 points, name this primary opposition party in the U.K., which is led by Keir (keer) Starmer and opposes the Conservatives.
ANSWER: Labour Party
222
Critics of this website have included John Seigenthaler (SEEG-en-thaw-ler), whom this website falsely accused of complicity in both JFK and RFK's assassinations, and Philip Roth, who wrote an “open letter” to this website in 2012 about The Human Stain. A project called Women in Red addresses gender (*) bias on this website. In 2004, the fiction-focused counterpart Fandom was launched by this site's most visible founder, Jimmy Wales. The world's most visited nonprofit website is, for 10 points, what “free encyclopedia that anyone can edit?”
ANSWER: Wikipedia [or en.wikipedia.org; or English-language Wikipedia]
223
The King's Peace ended a war named for this city that broke out shortly after the Peloponnesian (pel-uh-puh-NEE-zhun) War, which itself followed a dispute between this city and Athens over the colony of Corcyra (kor-SEER-uh). During the spring of the years before and after each Olympic Games, this city hosted the (*) Isthmian (IZTH-mee-un) Games. This city, legendarily founded by Sisyphus (SIS-if-us), names one of the original three Greek orders of columns along with Ionic and Doric. For 10 points, what ancient Greek city's Christian community received two letters from Paul in the New Testament?
ANSWER: Corinth [or Corinthian War; or Corinthian order; or First or Second Corinthians]
224
In De Moivre's (duh MWAH-vruh's) theorem, this function is multiplied by i. This function is used in the Fourier (FOOR-yay) transforms for odd functions. The hyperbolic form of this function equals “e to the x minus e to the negative x over two.” The negative reciprocal of this function squared is the derivative of (*) cotangent. This function of zero equals zero, and it is often defined as the y-coordinate of a point on the unit circle. For 10 points, name this function that is defined as opposite over hypotenuse.
ANSWER: sine [or sine of x]
225
These people sacked the city of Astrakhan (AST-ruh-kan) during an uprising led by Stenka Razin (stain-kuh RAA-zin). In an indirect alliance with Sweden, these people revolted against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Khmelnytsky (KEL-muh-NIT-skee) Uprising to begin The Deluge. Ilya Repin (IL-yuh REP-in) painted the Zaporozhian (ZAP-uh-ROH-jin) group of these people, who sacked Kazan (kah-ZAHN) in a revolt against (*) Catherine the Great under Yemelyan Pugachev (YEM-el-yahn POOG-ah-shev). Many of these nomadic people lived around the Don and Dnieper (NEE-pur) Rivers. For 10 points, name these Slavic raiders who often served as cavalry enforcers for Russia.
ANSWER: Cossacks [or Don Cossacks; or Zaporozhian Cossacks]
226
A piece in this genre from Chopin's Opus 34 is nicknamed for a cat walking on the keyboard. Another piece in this genre was written to bid Maria Wodzińska (MAH-ree-ah voh-JIN-skah) farewell. Delfina Potocka (poh-TOH-skah) is the dedicatee of a brief D-flat major piece in this genre, also used for an E-flat major piece titled (*) “Grande” and “brillante.” In French, one of these pieces is nicknamed for a puppy owned by George Sand that the composer saw chasing its tail. Chopin wrote a “Minute” piece in, for 10 points, what genre of dance music in 3/4 (three-four) with a Viennese variant?
ANSWER: waltz [or vals; or valse; or “Cat Waltz”; or “Farewell Waltz”; or “Minute Waltz” or “Grande valse brillante”; or Viennese waltz]
227
Studies purporting to prove the reliability of this value by Cyril Burt were revealed to contain fabricated data. The general increase of this measurement over time was dubbed the “Flynn effect” in the 1994 book The Bell Curve. Daniel Goleman created an alternative to this measurement that focuses on (*) emotional understanding. The modern form of this measurement, created by Alfred Binet (bin-AY), normalizes values to a mean of 100. Individuals who apply to Mensa must score highly on, for 10 points, what value purporting to quantify cognitive capability?
ANSWER: IQ [or IQ test; or intelligence quotient; prompt on intelligence]
228
These compounds are transported by PIN proteins in a form of “polar transport” that is named for these compounds. Distribution of these compounds is responsible for apical (AYP-ik-ul) dominance, in which the central stem of a plant grows more than the lateral buds. A synthetic one of these hormones, (*) 2,4-D, is one of the most commonly used herbicides. Indole-3-acetic (IN-dohlthree-uh-SEET-ik) acid is one of these plant hormones, which participate in phototropism (FOH-tohTROH-pizm). For 10 points, name these plant hormones that promote stem elongation and root growth.
ANSWER: auxins [prompt on plant hormones until “hormones” is read]
229
This god took a vow of celibacy despite being married three times, which led to his epithet Brahmachari (BRAK-maa-CHAH-ree). This god took the form of a leper to meet with Tulsidas (TULsee-dahs), who wrote the Chalisa (CHAA-lee-sah) as a devotional hymn to this god. In an epic titled for a different god, by Valmiki (val-MEE-kee), this god leaps across the ocean to (*) Lanka (LAHNkuh) while in a giant form. This god carries a mountain filled with herbs to save Lakshmana (LUKSHmun) and destroys the fortress of Ravana (RAH-vahn-uh) using his burning tail. For 10 points, name this Hindu monkey god who is a main character in the Ramayana (rah-MAI-un-ah).
ANSWER: Hanuman (hah-noo-MAHN) [do not accept or prompt on “Monkey (King)”]
230
The liquid form of this compound is used along with sodium to reduce benzene in a reaction named for Arthur Birch. An iron-molybdenum (muh-LIB-din-um) cofactor is used in the production of this compound by rhizobia (rai-ZOH-bee-uh). Deadly chloramines (KLOR-uh-meenz) are produced when this compound is mixed with (*) bleach. This compound is used to produce nitric acid in the Ostwald process, and this compound can be produced under high pressures with an iron catalyst in the Haber-Bosch (HAH-bur-BOSH) process. For 10 points, name this nitrogen- and hydrogencontaining compound with formula NH3.
ANSWER: ammonia [or NH3 until it is read]
