Quiz5 Psych/mental Health Flashcards
What is a behavior
The manner in which a person performs any or all of the activities of daily living
What is mental health
One’s ability to COPE with and adjust to the recurrent stresses of everyday living
Who are mentally healthy people?
Individuals who are able to enjoy life’s activities, adapt successfully to changes, set realistic goals, solve problems, have satisfying working relationships, and maintain interpersonal relationships with family and friends.
Factors of the mentally healthy
Inherited characteristics, childhood nurturing, and life’s circumstances
Nature——- nurture
Positive influences of mentally healthy people
Inherit adequate coping ability, mother-child bonding at birth, success in school, good physical health, and financial security
Negative influences
Cognitive Impairment, schizophrenia, extreme sibling rivalry, parental rejection, deprivation of maternal love, poor physical health, poverty, and dysfunctional relationships
What is mental illness?
A manifestation of dysfunction (behavioral, psychological, and biological)
History of mental illness
- Thought to be possessed by evil spirits
- Shamans or medicine men focused on removing evil spirits by magical treatments such as spells, potions, noises, or sacrifices and by physical treatments such as vomiting, bleeding, massage, and trephining (cutting holes in skull to release evil spirits
- if unsuccessful, community abandoned the affected individual to die by starvation or attack by wild animals
What is the humoral theory
The Greeks introduced the idea that it is possible to explain mental illness by observation of behavior
Hippocrates viewed mental illness as an imbalance of humors based on the fundamental elements of the world; air, fire, water, earth. Each basic element corresponded to a particular fluid in the body: blood, yellow bile, phlegm, and black bile.
What did the early Christians believe about mental illness?
It was punishment for sins committed, evidence of possession by the devil, or an effect of witchcraft
Exorcisms, physical punishment and imprisonment, or banishment became the treatment for mental illness
What is the first English institution for the mentally ill called
Bethlehem Royal Hospital founded in the 16th century by Henry VI
Bedlam- English word for a place for confusion
17th and 18th century
Conditions for the mentally ill worse than everything
Bleeding, starving, beating, purging, and confinement were the treatments
Latter half of 18 century, psychiatry became a separate branch
William Tukes built an asylum, his philosophy of carewas to encourage acceptable behavior by providing a nurturing atmosphere
Who is Dr. Benjamin Rush?
Signer of the Declaration of Independence
Established the Pennsylvania Hospital (1731) in Philadelphia for treatment of the mentally ill
Used a more humane therapy in his practice
Who is Dorothea Dix?
Retired school teacher who was appalled by the care of the mentally ill and set out to change it
Her efforts raised millions of dollars for the development of mental hospitals throughout the U.S
20th century
Committee for mental hygiene formed in 1909
Focused on prevention of mental illness and removal of the stigma of mental illness
1930s developed electroconvulsive therapy and insulin shock therapy to treat schizophrenia
1939 half of the nursing schools iffered psychiatric courses in their curriculum
What is frontal lobotomy?
A surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes were severed from the thalamus— was also used to eliminate violent behaviors
1940s
National Health Act and the establishment of the National Institute of Mental Health in the U.S.
established research funds for the causes, prevention, and the treatment of mental illness
1950s
Psychotherapeutic drugs were introduced
Allowed psych patients to be treated in hospital settings
Drugs allowed individuals to control their behavior and thus spend more time in the community
Deinstitutionalization
The release of psychiatric patients from institutions to live and receive treatment in the community setting
1960s and 1970s
Legislatures brought about further changes in mental health treatment at the community level
Goal is to return the individual to the home environment as soon as possible and to provide a support system
Omnibus budget reconciliation act (OBRA) 1981
Drastically reduced funding for the mental health system and out what moneys remained into block grants for use and disbursement at the community level
Mentally ill patients deinstitutionalized from state institutions into the streets
Characteristics identified in mental illness
Poor self concept
Feelings of inadequacy
Dependent behavior resulting from feelings of inadequacy
Pessimism that is constant
Poor judgment
Inability to cope with daily events
Irresponsibility
Inability to accept responsibility for actions
Avoidance of problems
Inability to recognize own talents
Inability to recognize limitations
Inability to perceive reality
Maladaptive behavior
Demanding or seeking immediate gratification
Inability to establish a meaningful relationship
Mental health continuum
Mental health (adaptive-constructive)————————————————mental illness (maladaptive-destructive)
The longer and the more intense the exposure are, the more likely behaviors are to become dysfunctional. Loss of contact with reality can result when an individual is at the illness end of the continuum
Midpoint=normal mental health
Nurse assessment for mental health
Positive self concept
Awareness of the responsibility for one’s own behavior and its consequences
Maintenance of satisfying interpersonal relationships
Adaptability to change
Effective communication
Awareness and acceptance of emotions and their expressions
Effective problem solving
Recognition and use of supportive systems
