Quiz weaknesses Flashcards
When did the National Health Service begin?
5th July 1948
When was the iron and steel industry nationalised?
1949
When was the Schuman Plan rejected?
1951
How do you define consensus?
Common agreement between the parties on major issues and policies.
How do you define the balance of payments?
The difference between the cost of imports and the profits from exports.
How do you define collectivism?
The people and the state acting together with a common purpose, which necessarily meant a restriction on individual rights.
How do you define socialism?
The movement for the creation of social equality by means of economic and social regulation.
What were Beveridge’s ‘five giants’?
want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness.
What part of Labour’s constitution committed it to nationalisation?
Clause IV
Due to the Cold War, what figure did defence spending rise to? It had been £2.3 billion.
£4.7 billion
Name three characteristics of austerity common during Atlee.
wartime rationing continuing, controls on wages and salaries, increased taxation and restrictions on imports
What was the Schuman Plan?
The Schuman Plan was a scheme to pool resources in the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
Why did Attlee decide to reject the Schuman plan?
Attlee chose not to be involved with the support of the Conservative Party as they didn’t believe vital resources should be handed over to an undemocratic authority.
Name the five big decision Britain made regarding post-war international order.
- Joining the UN Security Council
- choosing to side with the USA in the Cold War divide
- granting Indian independence
- becoming a founding member of NATO
- Entering the Korean War as part of a UN force.
How much did Britain receive from Marshal Aid?
Britain received ten per cent of Europe’s share of $15 billion in return for granting trade concessions to the USA.
When did Britain become a founding member of the EFTA?
1959
When did Macmillan make his ‘wind of change’ speech?
1960
When did the Labour Party adopt unilateralism?
1960
Give four reason’s for Labour’s 1951 defeat.
Attlee’s government were worn out. Serious divisions had developed between the right and left wings of the party. Shrinking majority in the 1950 election damaged morale. Labour found it difficult to shake off its image of austerity.
Give four reasons for the Conservative’s 1951 win.
- Reorganisation of the party with younger members like Butler.
- Lord Woolton had reformed the finances and organisation of the party.
- Their attack on nationalisation of iron and steel gave a strong platform.
- Conservative’s projection of themselves of upholders of liberty and individualism against the deadening hand of state centralisation and collectivism.
What prompted the Commonwealth Immigrations Act (1962) which introduced to limit entry?
following Windrush (1948) immigration levels had increased. Despite outflow exceeding inflow tensions arose. Violence broke out in 1958 with riots in Nottingham, Bristol and London
Coined by the Economist in 1954; give two key principles of Butskellism.
The Conservative’s acceptance of a mixed economy and Keynesian economics meant that many of Labour’s aims were continued: maintain full employment and economic growth, expand the welfare state.
Italy’s industrial growth rate had reached 5.6%, what was Britain’s?
2.3%
The Profumo affair was only one of the scandals that the Conservative’s faced; name two others.
Kim Philby revealed as Soviet spy in the heart of the Establishment; Argyll divorce was a lurid court case where the public heard about a government minister allegedly in a pornographic photo.
When did Macmillan announce the Conservative decision to join the EEC?
1961
Why did Macmillan make the decision to join the EEC? Two reasons.
Suez Crisis and doubts about the ‘special relationship’ led to Macmillan announcing his intent to apply in 1961
When did De Gaulle veto EEC application?
1963
Why was the Labour Party not united from 1951-64? Two reasons.
Gaitskell defeated Bevan as leader, leading from a centre-right position. Opposed internally by the Bevan-ite left: unilateralists and CND.
Why did the Labour Party lose the 1959 election? Three reasons.
internal divisions, UK’s rising prosperity, poor election campaign.
Internal issues of the Labour party worsened in 1960; why was this?
Election loss intensified internal issues: 1960 conference saw victory of left, trade union block vote forced unilateralism as policy, rejected again in 1961.
How do you define ‘prices and incomes policy?
Government attempt to control prices and wage increases
How do you define East of Suez?
Britain’s foreign policy in countries to the East of Suez Canal Egypt, such as Malaysia
When did the government devalue the pound?
1967
Which years were Roy Jenkins Home Secretary, who replaced him?
1965-67, James Callaghan
Name 2 private member bill passed and the year.
and MP
Jenkins allowed Liberal MP David Steel to pass the 1967 Abortion Act, decriminalised homosexual acts between men with the Sexual Offences Act 1967.
Name three government bills passed and the year.
liberal reform under labour
Later Home Secretary abolished the Death Penalty 1969 and made divorce easier 1969. Some censorship of sexual matters lifted e.g. Lady Chatterley’s Lover.
Which new department launched the ‘National Plan’, and who led it?
Department of Economic Affairs, George Brown
In place of strife was drawn up because of …
A wave of strikes, e.g., Dockers, 1966-7 led Wilson to be increasingly determined to reduce union power.
Wilson devalued the pound in 1967, why was this a political mistake?
Could have waited it out, ‘pound in your pocket’ broadcast
Who was Chancellor of the Exchequer during devaluation? What happened to his role?
James Callaghan, resigned and swapped jobs with Roy Jenkins
How and why did Catholics begin the troubles?
The ‘troubles’ begin with a civil rights movement forming, namely from university students, to protest oppression and discrimination by Protestant majority.
Which ‘battle’ led to Home Secretary James Callaghan sending troops to keep order 1969?
Battle of Bogside
Give two reasons why Labour lost in 1970
Labour lost in 1970 because of failure on a number of policy fronts, the impression of division combined with an estimate that Powell’s racism gained the Conservatives 2.5 million votes.
What did the East of Suez stance suggest about Britain internationally?
Reflects Britain’s loss of confidence in world police role following Suez.
What was Wilson’s approach to Vietnam?
Compromise – not sending troops, but intelligence support
Approximately, how many people went to the Grosvenor Square demonstration to share their anti-war views?
1968: 10,000
Why did Wilson apply to the EEC again in 1967, despite being rejected in 1963?
Wilson feared that Britain would be left behind financially and economically by Europe unless it joined.
Wilson’s bid for the EEC was fully backed by the Conservatives and Liberals, but opposed by a number of Labour MPs – how many?
36
What was the ‘Selsdon Man?
A symbolic anti-Keynesian, pro-market individual.
What are flying pickets?
Teams of union members ready to rush to areas where strikes had been called to help dissuade or intimidate workers from going to work.
What was the Social Contract?
Unions
An informal 1972 agreement between Wilson and the TUC general secretary, that when Labour was returned to power, the unions would follow a wage-restraint policy in return for the adoption of pro-worker industrial policies by the government.
What was internment?
The arresting of suspected troublemakers and holding them without trial.
When did the UK formally enter the European Economic Community (EEC)?
1st Jan 1973
Name three reasons for Heath’s loss in 1974.
- Rapid inflation made holding down prices impossible.
- Wage settlements and lost orders caused by strikes resulted in a decline in productivity.
- Unemployment reached new levels (over 600,000 in 1974)
Three-day week suggested the government had lost control
When was the EEC referendum?
1975
Why did Callaghan loose the 1979 election?
Any government would have struggled with the economic problems of the period, but Callaghan is accused of letting things drift; failure to call an election in autumn of 1978. By the time an election was called the government had been damaged by economic and financial crises, rising unemployment, combative trade unions and political misjudgements. This included its treatment of minority parties – the Liberals and SNP which wiped out their small minority.
Name the impacts on daily life caused by the 3 day week.
The restrictive measures of the three-day week recalled the austerities of wartime and the late 1940s. Electricity blackouts interfered with industrial production and left ordinary people without light and heating for long periods. People had to sit in candlelight, unable to cook, listen to the radio or watch television.
Why was Heath successful in his EEC bid?
De Gaulle had retired, accepted poor terms on Britain’s behalf.
