quiz two Flashcards
What’s the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
What is the role of the plasma membrane in cells?
It regulates the entry and exit of molecules in and out of the cell and helps maintain homeostasis.
Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells, and what is its purpose?
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts and produces glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water using light energy.
Where does cellular respiration occur, and what does it produce?
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and produces ATP (energy), carbon dioxide, and water from glucose and oxygen.
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration, while osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane.
What do ribosomes do in the cell?
Ribosomes make proteins by reading the instructions from messenger RNA (mRNA).
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis is the process where cells take in materials from outside the cell, while exocytosis is the process of expelling materials from inside the cell.
What are the main components of a bacterial cell?
Bacterial cells typically have a plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid (region where DNA is found), and sometimes a capsule for protection.
What is the structure of the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light energy -> C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2
(Carbon dioxide + water + light energy = glucose + oxygen)
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 -> 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP
(Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + ATP)
What are the three types of cytoskeletal fibers, and what are their functions?
- Microfilaments: Involved in cell movement and shape (made of actin).
- Intermediate filaments: Provide structural support and stability.
- Microtubules: Help with cell shape, transport, and mitosis (made of tubulin).
Where are Ribosomes located?
They are located either in the cytoplasm (free) or on the rough ER (attached).
What’s Passive transport and give an example?
Passive Transport: No energy required, molecules move from high to low concentration. Examples: diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion (using proteins).
What’s Active transport and give an example?
Active Transport: Requires energy (ATP) to move molecules from low to high concentration. Examples: sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
What’s Isotonic?
Equal concentration of solutes inn both sides.
What’s Hypotonic?
Lower solute concentration outside the cell (water move in).
What’s Hypertonic?
Higher solute concentration outside the cell ( water moves out).
