Quiz study for Anthro/psyc/soc beginning of year - sept 23/15 Flashcards
Define anthropology
The study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space, specifically in relation to physical character, environmental relations, social relations and culture
Define psychology
Mental and behavioral characteristics of an individual or group. It’s also known as the science of mind and behavior
Define sociology
The study of the development, structure, interaction and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings. The scientific analysis of a social institution as a functioning hole and as it relates to the rest of society
Given example of each anthropology, psychology and sociology
Rights of passage, development, effects of social networking
Give examples of Western culture Rights of passage
Weddings, prom, Christmas
Explain the Vanuatu right of passage
It symbolizes the movement from boy to man, some at a very young age. For the first job, the mother holds a toy that the young man likes and then he jumps and she throws the toy. This right of passage is done to ensure a good yam harvest
Explain the Padung woman of Thailand
These women started very young age and have coils around the neck to give up the illusion that they have very long and beautiful necks
How are the Vanuatu men attached to the structure
by vines
What are the three stages of the rights of passage
Ration, transition, and corporation and reintegration
Explain separation
Usually the first stage of a right of passage, the individual is divorce from familiar environment. It involves the loss of identity which is usually abrupt or violent nature.
Give an example of separation
loss of one’s name or intoxication
Define transition
Typically the second stage is also called the liminal stage. This is the “in between time “in which the participant has lost his or her old identity but is not yet been reincorporated into the community with the new identity is frequently a period of confusing. testing and education
Given example of transition
Dyin symbolically, sex reversal
Define incorporation/reintegration
The final stage of the process, usually moving the participants out of isolation and back into the community with a new identity. It may be any of the following, religion, ceremony, communal meal, dancing or exchange gifts
What is the definition of ethnology
Study of the origins and cultures of different races of people
Define kinship
The relationship between two or more people that is based on the common ancestry, marriage or adaption
Define participant observation
The careful watching of a group in some cases living with them and for dissipating in their culture
What is the difference between ethnology and ethnography
Ethnography is the written account of the culture of the people and ethnology is studying the race and the culture
What did Bronislaw Malinowski study
He studied the trobriand Islands in the South Pacific (through the form of participant observation)
What did diamond Jenness study
The oral history of the nomadic Innuinait
What are some challenges that anthropologists may face
Language barriers, technology absence
What is the hamar cow-jumping ceremony right of passage
Young men must jump over California times in order to be considered a man, have kids and get married
Explain the Okiek Tribe right of passage
Children are separated from the tribe and put into seclusion. They pay them selves to appear as wild creatures. Once are able to produce the roar of the wild beast, they can return to the tribe
Explain the Satere-Mawa Tribe right of passage
In initiation ritual in which young men place a hands into mittens filled with old aunt. This ritual is used to transition from boys to men, and maybe be repeated multiple times
Explain the Festa des Mocas Novas right of passage
In the north west Amazon, performed by the Tukana Tribe. After the issue it’s begin menstruation, she is put into a seclusion chamber for 4 to 12 weeks order to rid herself of the demons and her past self. This is the progression of a young girl entering into womanhood
Explain the Fula Whipe Match right of passage
To become a man, two Fula boys fight each other using sharp sticks as a whip. The crowd chooses the best boy [who shows us pain] and they become a man (the age of 12]
Explain the Ira right of passage
14 to 16-year-old females of the Okrika tribe for taken to fighting with until they appear pregnant. Then they are forcefully separated from the childhood and freed from their devotion to the water spirits of the riverbank. In the end they identify as fertile and complete women
Explain the Mentawata Women right of passage
The date of the islands believe that if they aren’t beautiful and their souls and satisfied with their parents that they will die. The way of sharing hideous a check in the teeth with the rock chisel until it becomes a point (when they’ve reached puberty)
Explain the Scarification right of passage
Meeting takes place by the septic rivers where crocodiles are significant. Alders use razors or shirt objects to carve the initial body as a right of passage for boy to men
Explain the Fulani Facial Tattoos right of passage
The Fula people in west Africa believe the woman must get their face tattooed to be considered an adult. This is done by using a sharp piece of wood. If she cries or winces she is deemed too young and must wait to get married and have her tattoos finished
Is it clear the physical characteristics are hereditary
Yes
What is the nature versus nurture argument
Scientists do not know if behavior and intelligence personality is due to nature [genes and hereditary) or nurture [the weather there brought up]
Can the catchphrase of nature versus nurture be traced back to
13th century
What revolutionary book to Charles Darwin write
Origin of species
What is the famous short phrase which summarized Darwins book
Survival of the fittest and by means of natural selection
What is eugenics
The science of improving a genetic population
What is another word for genetic cleansing
Genocide
What was hitlers goal
To utilize the eugenic science to create the perfect Aryan race
Afterwords were to the universal declaration of human rights adopted by the human rights states;
Minimum in a full leg to note any limitations due to race or nationality or religion have the right to marry and start a family
Who is this destroyer of the Aryan olympics and why
Jesse Owens because he was black
In the example provided in the video, why were black people consider the fittest
Survive the journey as slaves and the strong genes are passed on
Define heredity
Physical characteristics of aspects of personality and behavior that are passed down genetically from your relatives
What is DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; molecule that carries genetic information in all living systems and provides the most basic explanation of laws of genetics
What is the Edith experiment
In the 1950s Aaron stern design an experiment to prove that the right environment strategies could create a genius. He has daughter has the subject of the experiment and he played classical music to her and showed her flashcards from infancy and potentials five she was able to read an entire encyclopedia and at the age of 18 she got a PHD
Define intelligence
The person’s ability to solve problems and reason effectively, a social construct used to explain why some people are better than others at cognitive tasks
What is the difference between fraternal and identical twins
Identical twins come from the same egg and fraternal twins come from 2 different eggs fertilized by a sperm
Who is Galton and why is he important
He was Darwin’s cousin and he believed that those with higher intelligence should meet together and if that were to happen then it would make a human so superior better than average
Define nurture
Scientist believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they’re taught to do so. This is known as nurture theory of human behavior.
Why do people fear the genetic arguments
Because criminals might be excused from terrible acts because it is in their “genes “
Define collective behavior
Refers to the people who behave similar. And can you get me typically obey the law commonly drive on the scratch side of the road and go to school or work. These are just some examples of collective behavior
Explain the London riots
Began as peaceful gatherings of around 200 esters demanding answers over the death of Mark Duncan, who shot dead by police or Thursday, chelating 12 hours later and a full scale right the sob brazen leading spread the cost North London suburbs. He was captured by social media some the stuff wooden included clothes for kids and electronics
What us the transitional stage also called?
The liminal stage
