Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Quiz Set 2 > Flashcards

Quiz Set 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles attaches to the anterior arch of C1

A

longus colli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1

A

they are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

backward, medial, downward (BMD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1

A

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1

A

levator scapula, splenius cervicis and rectus capitis anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender

A

males: about fifty mm
females: about thirty-seven mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1

A

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

with regard to ossification of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament, what is the gender bias, bone classification, amount ossification and general percent in the population

A

male, accessory bone, complete ponticulus posticus, fifteen percent
female, accessory bone, partial ponticulus posticus, twenty-six percent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what muscles attach to the transverse process of C1

A

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarii muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1

A

males: 78 mm
females: 72 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender

A

a little over 30 mm for both males and females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what joint classifications are observed at C1

A

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis, diarthrosis ellipsoidal trochoid, diarthrosis arthrodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what names are given to C2

A

axis or epistropheus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies below the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed anterior

A

kyphotic dens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what joint classifications are present at the vertebral body of C2

A

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis, diarthrosis trochoid, modified diarthrosis sellar and amphiarthrosis symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2

A

membrana tectoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what attaches to the lamina of C2

A

obliquus capitis inferior muscle, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the facet orientation of the superior articular facet of C2

A

backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the gender variation for the transverse diameter of C2

A

males: fifty-seven mm
females: about fifty mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what name is given only to C7

A

vertebra prominens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the segment and gender bias for vertebrae other than C7 becoming the vertebral prominence

A

C6 is more common in females and T1 is more common in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C7

A

eight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what muscles attach to the transverse process of C7

A

middle scalene, iliocostalis thoracis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, rotators, intertransversarii and levator costarum brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular face of C7

A

forward, medial, downward (ForMeD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what muscles attach to the spinous process of C7

A

trapezius, rhomboid minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius capitis, spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the vertebral artery on which side is typically larger

A

left vertebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the gender bias regarding size of the vertebral artery

A

men have larger vertebral arteries than women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the name of the physical exam used to determine vertebral artery patency

A

vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which side artery is tested during the course of the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam

A

the ipsilateral artery on the side of rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

at what location will the vertebral artery form its first compensatory loop

A

atlanto-axial interspace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

at what location will the vertebral artery from its second compensatory loop

A

atlanto-occipital interspace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

at what segments will the vertebral artery be firmly attached to the transverse foramen

A

both C1 and C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the purpose of the vertebral artery loops between C2, C1, and occiput

A

the increased length will accommodate the greater rotation at these locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what happens to the vertebral artery after it enters the subarachnoid space at C1

A

the vertebral artery ascends along the medulla oblongata to the pontine- medullary junction where the right and left arteries unite to form the basilar artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what artery is formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries

A

basilar artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what forms the boundaries for the exit of the C1 nerve from the spinal canal

A

occipital condyle, superior articular process of C1, capsular ligament, arcuate rim, groove for the vertebral artery, posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what forms the boundaries for the exit of the C2 nerve from the spinal canal

A

inferior articular process of C1, superior articular process of C2, capsular ligament, inferior vertebral notch of C1, superior vertebral notch of C2, posterior arch of C1, lamina of C2, posterior atlanto-axial ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what forms the anterior boundary for the C3-C7 nerve exit from the spinal canal

A

the vertebral bodies, intervertebral disc, posterior longitudinal ligament, uncinate process, lateral groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups

A

the vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is the aortic impression

A

flattening of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims of the left side of the vertebral body of T5-T8 which give the vertebral body a less scalloped or less indented appearance on that side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine

A

the vertebral body height difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

A

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis symphysis and diarthrosis arthrodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

how many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

A

four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

how many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

A

two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

how many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

A

typically four are identified; as many as eight if the rib articulation is included

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

how many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

A

typically ten; fourteen if the rib ligaments are included

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what is the name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib

A

costocentral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what does the intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to

A

the interarticular or intra-articular crest of the capitulum of the rib and the intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracics

A

costocentral joint or ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

which x-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic

A

lateral view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic

A

superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse ligaments

52
Q

the superior costotransverse ligament of the transverse process of T4 will attach to which rib

A

fifth rib

53
Q

which muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic

A

longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis thoracis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus, levator costarum brevis

54
Q

how can you distinguish between a T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process

A

at T2-T4 the width between the superior articular processes is greater than the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra
at T5-T8 the width between the superior articular processes is equal to or the same as the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra

55
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic

A

forward, downward, and medial (ForMeD)

56
Q

what is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic

A

backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

57
Q

Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracics

A

T5-T8

58
Q

what is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region

A

the undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to forty degrees from the horizontal plane
the undersurface of T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to sixty degrees from the horizontal plane

59
Q

which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, serratus posterior superior, splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, interspinalis

60
Q

what muscles are associated with the five muscles layers of the true back

A 
1- trapezius and latissimus dorsi
2- rhomboids and levator scapulae
3- serratus posterior
4- erector spinae
5- transverseospinalis
61
Q

how many joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1

A

typically ten; fourteen if the rib ligaments are included

62
Q

what ligament is absent at the costotransverse joint of T1

A

superior costotransverse ligament

63
Q

what ligaments attach to the transverse process of T1

A

intertransverse, capsular costotransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, lateral costotransverse

64
Q

para-articular processes are more commonly observed on which segment

A

T10

65
Q

a dimpling or depression of the skin in the thoracic region is often characteristic of the location of which segment

A

T10

66
Q

what name is given to T11

A

anticlinal vertebra

67
Q

which muscle(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T12

A

psoas major and psoas minor

68
Q

what ligaments form the costotransverse joint of the twelfth rib

A

superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and teh lumbocostal ligament from L1

69
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T12

A

forward, downward, and lateral (FoLD)

70
Q

how many synovial joints are typically present at T12

A

six

71
Q

identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present at T12

A

two superior costal facets, two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets

72
Q

what muscles attach to spinous process of T12

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, spinalis throacis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis

73
Q

which erector spinae muscle is unique in it’s attachment to the T12 spinous process

A

iliocostalis lumborum

74
Q

what accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve

A

vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

75
Q

what muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body

A

psoas major and psoas minor

76
Q

what is the name given to ligaments which attach vertebral body to articular process

A

transforaminal ligaments

77
Q

what ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process

A

corporotransverse ligaments

78
Q

what is the proposed function of the Hoffmann ligaments in the cervical- upper thoracic region

A

resist caudal movement of the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

79
Q

what is the proposed function of the lumbar Hoffman ligaments

A

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

80
Q

what osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region

A

overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes; overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes

81
Q

a styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition

A

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

82
Q

what was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo- accessory ligament

A

medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

83
Q

what muscle(s) attach to the lumbar accessory process

A

longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii

84
Q

what names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position

A

joint asymmetry or joint tropism

85
Q

what is the name(s) of the condition when the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process

A

Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

86
Q

what ligaments attach to the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra

A

the lumbosacral, iliolumbar, mammillo-accessory and intertransverse ligaments

87
Q

what was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament

A

medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

88
Q

what is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida, and dorsiflexion produces pain

A

Knife Clasp Syndrome

89
Q

Lumbar spondylolysis has not been reported in what groups of individuals

A

fetuses, newborns, rarely in children under five years old, patients who have never walked and in non-erect species

90
Q

what is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar spondylolysis

A

men at L5/S1; women at L4/L5

91
Q

what is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view

A

a collared Scotty dog

92
Q

what characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis

A

rare, congenital, gender biased toward men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

93
Q

what is the ethnic, gender, and locational bias associated with sacral spondylolysis

A

native Alaskan (Inuit) male at the S1 level

94
Q

identify all names given to type 1 spondylolisthesis

A

dysplastic spondylolistesis, congenital spondylolistesis

95
Q

what gender bias, location bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis

A

isthmic spondylolistesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

96
Q

what is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with type III spondylolisthesis

A

degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

97
Q

what are the cause(s) associated with type V spondylolisthesis

A

bone diseases such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta

98
Q

what features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest

A

mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

99
Q

what features may be identified along the lateral sacral crest

A

S1 transverse tubercle, sacral tuberosity of S2, transverse tubercles of S3, S4, and S5

100
Q

what is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity

A

accessory sacro-iliac joint

101
Q

what forms the posterior boundary for the first coccygeal spinal nerve intervertebral foramen

A

sacral cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament, intercornual ligament

102
Q

what forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal

A

union of the superficial dorsal and deep dorsal sacrococcygeal ligaments

103
Q

superior articular facets of which vertebrae will be oriented backward, upward, and medial

A

C1, C3-7, L1-L5, S1

104
Q

superior articular facets of which vertebrae are oriented back,up, medial and concave

A

C1, L1-L5, S1

105
Q

inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented backward, medial, and downward

A

C1

106
Q

superior articular facets of which segments will be oriented backward, upward, and lateral

A

C2, T1-12

107
Q

inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented forward, lateral, and downward

A

C2-6, T12, L1-5

108
Q

inferior articular facets of which segments are oriented forward, lateral, downward and convex

A

T12, L1-5

109
Q

inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented forward, medial, and downward

A

C7, T1-11

110
Q

what is another way of implying occipitalization of C1

A

atlas assimilation

111
Q

what joint is formed between the odontoid process ossification centers and the centrum of C2

A

subdental synchondrosis

112
Q

what is the name given to the condition in which the joint formed between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 persists beyond age 7

A

os odontoideum

113
Q

what is the name given to the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process centers of ossification

A

tip of the dens synchondrosis

114
Q

if the joint formed between the tip of the des and odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 12, which is the condition called

A

terminal ossicle

115
Q

what is the orientation of the superior articular facets of T12

A

backward, upward, lateral (BUL)

116
Q

what developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve

A

crawling will cause the abdomen to put tension on the lumbar region and pulls it forward
muscle development is promoted to compensate for the swayback of the lumbars
intervertebral disc height will become greater anterior compared to posterior
walking will further promote muscle and intervertebral disc development

117
Q

what developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical curve

A

centers for vision and equilibrium will appear in the brain
musculature attaching the skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develops the head is held upright
the intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior

118
Q

what is the name given to the integration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect

A

the righting reflex

119
Q

which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine

A

L5

120
Q

what is characteristic of lumbarization of S1

A

the failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala

121
Q

what T12 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization

A

the superior articular facet may change from flat, back, upward, and lateral to concave, back, lateral, and downward; the superior articular facet is unchanged

122
Q

what is the gender bias associated with dorsalization of L1

A

males are two to three times more affected

123
Q

what C7 facet orientation changes may accompany cervicalization

A

the inferior articular facet may change from forward, medial, and downward to forward, lateral, and downward; the superior articular facet is unchanged

124
Q

what is the gender bias suggested in dorsalization of C7

A

female

125
Q

what is the incidence of rib-related changes following dorsalization of C7

A

from one-half to two and one-half percent of the population

Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions