Quiz Review Questions Flashcards
Review + Revise Quiz Answers
In the sentence “Our team is good, but [theirs] is the best”, what is the word class of the word in brackets?
a. conjunction
b. preposition
c. pronoun
d. verb
Pronoun
Is the bracket grouping in the sentence ‘John [hid his notebook under his pillow]’ a constituent?
Yes
No
Yes
Is the bracket grouping in the sentence ‘Susan [rides her] bicycle over the bride in the park’ a constituent?
a. yes
b. no
No
a. [Grading papers] takes a really long time
b. It is [grading papers] that takes a really long time.
Which constituency test is being performed?
a. stand-alone
b. substitution
c. movement
d. coordination
Movement
In the sentence ‘The Boy is [from] Iceland’, what is the word class of the word in brackets?
a. determiner
b. preposition
c. adverb
d. none of the above
Preposition
Clefting is a construction that uses movement (true/false)
True
Is the bracket grouping in the sentence ‘I want [to buy the yellow] dress’ a constituent?
a. yes
b. no
No
a. [Alana and I] are going to the movies tonight
b. [We] are going to the movies tonight.
Which constituency test is being performed?
a. stand-alone
b. substitution
c. movement
d. coordination
Substitution
In the sentence “The actors performed well in the [play]”, what is the word class of the word in the brackets?
a. adjective
b. noun
c. adverb
d. coordination
Noun
Draw a tree for the sentence ‘The baby cries’
Draw a tree for the following sentence: ‘The cashier returned his change”.
The following sentence is ambiguous:
“The man saw the woman with a telescope”
Draw two trees and provide the meaning corresponding to the tree.
The words “Husky, Golden Retriever, Corgi” are meronyms and hyponyms to the word “dog” (True/False)
False
Pejoration is when a neutral word gains a positive connotation/meaning. (True/False)
False
Semantics is as systematic as phonetics/phonology, morphology or syntax (True/False)
False
A hyponym is less specific than its hypernym (True/false)
False
Which limit on the theory of “Pure Reference” does the following example show?
When asked to draw a dog, John drew one that looks more like a wolf, but Ming drew one that looks more like a cat.
a. Role of cognition & cultural context
b. role of physical & cultural context
c. Role of cognition
d. role of linguistic context
Role of Cognition
Sea/See, Tail/Tale, Sole/Soul. These sets of words are examples of?
a. homonyms
b. antonyms
c. synonyms
d. hyponyms
Homonyms
In the sentence “Her bicycle is not there”, which words are deixis?
a. her bicycle
b. her, there
c. is, bicycle,
d, is, there
her, there
Presupposition refers to…
a. what is assumed by a word
b. what a sentence means
c. what is assumed by the sentence
d. what is assumed by the writer
What is assumed by the sentence
A noun phrase always has a determiner (True/False)
False
Identify the head of the following phrase:
“The sleek black cat with the white chest”
a. black
b. cat
c. the
d. white
cat
What is the phrase type of the bracketed element in the following sentence:
‘Sara [baked a chocolate cake] for her birthday tomorrow’
a. NP
b. S
c. VP
d. AdjP
VP
What is the phrase type of the bracketed element in the following sentence
[Over the holidays] I will be travelling to France
a. NP
b. PP
c. S
d. AdjP
PP
In the sentence “Mike gave a new book [to his son] for his birthday.”, the phrase type of the bracketed element in the sentence is NP (True/False)
False
Is the bracketed string of words a constituent? Provide evidence for your answer.
Sara gave [the most wonderful gift] to Mary.
- Stand-alone test
Q: what did Sara give to Mary?
A: The most wonderful gift - Substitution
Sara gave [it] to Mary
Therefore these are constituents because the test results are conclusive.
Which of the bracket groupings is NOT a constituent? (Don’t provide evidence for your answer)
a. [Andrea loves to eat bagels], but she doesn’t like toast at all.
b. Andrea loves [to eat bagels], but she doesn’t like toast at all.
c. [Andrea loves to eat] bagels, but she doesn’t like toast at all.
d. [Andrea] loves to eat bagels, but she doesn’t like toast at all.
C
Which of the bracket groups is a constituent? (Don’t provide evidence for your answer)
a. carry [rides her] blue bicycle over the bridge in the park.
b. Carry rides her blue bicycle over the bridge [in the park]
c. Carry [rides her blue bicycle over] the bridge in the park.
d. [Carry rides her] blue bicycle over the bridge in the park
B
What kind of verb needs a direct object?
a. transitive
b. intransitive
c. ditransitive
d. subject-predicative
Transitive
Identify the verb type in the following sentence ‘The new doctor seems friendly’
a. Ditransitive
b. object-predicative
c. subject-predicative
d. intransitive
Subject-predicative
Which clause type is the dependent clause in brackets in the following sentence: “Hector started doing this [on a Sunday night]
a. complementizer
b. adverbial
c. nominal
d. relative
Adverbial
“The toy truck broke when Dave threw it off the table”. Which statement correctly identifies the clause
a. “The toy truck broke” is the relative dependent clause, “when Dave threw it off the table” is the independent clause
b. “The toy truck broke” is the adverbial dependent clause, ‘When Dave threw it off the table” is the independent clause
c. “The toy truck broke” is the independent clause, “when Dave threw it off the table” is the adverbial dependent clause
C
Draw syntactic trees for the following sentences
a. Mary remembers that she picked apples
b. I like the barista who works at Starbucks
c. I read a book while you studied
d. A blue sky appeared gradually
What is NOT an aspect of spoken discourse?
a. How conservations are organized
b. How actions are accomplished with words
c. How meaning is assigned
d. How information is conveyed
C
A false statement during a conversation violates the Maxim of Manner
True
False
False
Everyone must follow the Gricean maxims at all times
True
False
False
A sentence must have a subject and a predicate
True
False
True
The perlocutionary act always corresponds to the illocutionary act
True
False
False
Miscommunication happens when the illocutionary act and the perlocutionary act align with each other
True
False
False
Grice’s Cooperative Principle applies to the speakers, but not to the listeners
True
False
False
Flouting a maxim is typically a deliberate act where a speaker intentionally violates one of Grice’s conversational maxims
True
False
True
Performative speech acts usually use present tense verbs
true
false
true
which of the Gricean maxims is violated in the following conversation?
interviewer: so tell me about your past work experience.
interviewee: sure I worked before
a. Quantity
b. Quality
c. Relations
d. Manner
A
Which of the following words are hyponyms for “clothes”?
a. socks, glasses, earrings
b. shirt, shoes, table
c. skirt, pants, jacket
d. watch, shoes, necklace
C
Which of the following words is a homonym of “break”?
a. brake
b. broke
c. brock
d. brick
A
Which limit on a Theory of Pure Reference does the following example does the following example show?
“When asked ‘how are you’ by a cashier, John asked back ‘how are you’ to the cashier, but Ming started telling the cashier about all her problems in life
a. role of cultural background
b. role of cognition
c. role of linguistic context
d. none of the option
A
Which of the following phrases/sentences contains deixis?
a. he left it over there
b. john took the bottle on the table
c. john sat on the chair
d. the bottle is full
A
Which of the following is a part of meaning?
a. context
b. morphology
c. relations of words
d. all of the option
D
Which of the following is a part of meaning?
a. context
b. morphology
c. relations of words
d. all of the above
D
What is the presupposed by the sentence “there is a bug in my computer?”
a. the speaker of the sentence has a computer
b. the speaker of the sentence does not have a computer
c. there is a bug in the speaker’s computer
d. non of the options
A
Which of the following is NOT a component of a speech act?
a. Locutionary act
b. indirect speech act
c. illocutionary act
d. perlocutionary act
B
Which of the following speech acts is most useful when being polite?
a. direct speech act
b. indirect speech act
c. perlocutionary speech act
d. locutionary speech act
B
Which of the following is NOT a rule of promise-making
a. all parties wants the act done
b. the promise must refer to a past action
c. the promiser intends to perform the act
d. the act being promised is not normally done
B
Which of the Gricean maxims is violated in the following conversation?
interviewer: so tell me about your past work experience
interview: sure I worked before
a. Quantity
b. relations
c. manner
d. quality
A
Fill in the blank: The speech act is incomplete until someone…. the utterance
a. receives
b. interprets
c. receives and misinterprets
d. receives and interprets
D
Which of the following is NOT one of Lakoff’s general rules of politeness?
a. formality
b. hesitancy
c. equality
d. fairness
D
What provides clues to listeners about what to expect next and how is it related to what came before?
a. rules of politeness
b. turn taking
c. discourse markers
d. conversational maxims
C
Which of the following is an example of indirect speech act?
a. pass me the salt
b. could pass me the salt?
c. the salt is right in front of you
d. both (b) and (c)
B
Which of the following best describes the concept of semantic priming?
a. the process of slowing down word recognition when an unrelated word appears first
b. the way words are organized alphabetically in a mental dictionary
c. the speeding up of word recognition when a semantically related word is presented first
d. the process of learning new words by associating the with phonologically similar words
C
Which of the following describes the Theory of Pure Reference?
a. meaning is determined purely by a word’s referent in the real world
b. words have no meaning unless they appear in a sentence
c. meaning is entirely based on syntax
d. words only have meaning when spoken in a physical context
A
All of the following words are homonyms of “to”
too, two, tooth, tube
True
False
False
If a word is a hypernym, it cannot be a hyponym to another word
True
False
False
Homonyms always share both spelling and pronunciation
True
False
False
An utterance must have a subject and a predicate.
True
False
False
Everyone must follow the Gricean maxims at all times
True
False
False
The illocutionary act refers to the speaker’s intended meaning, while the perlocutionary act refers to the effect on the addressee
True
False
True
Lexical meaning depends only on syntactic structure
True
False
False
Interruptions do not violate turn-taking
True
False
False
Face-threatening act can threaten both negative and positive faces
True
False
True
Children learn language solely by imitating their parents
True
False
False
Language processing primarily happens in the left hemisphere of the brain
True
False
True
Infants show a preference for sounds in the right ear as early as 4 days old
True
False
True
Brain injuries in children under 3 years old can often fully recover to normal language functioning
True
False
True
Babies learning different languages go through the same early babbling stages, even if their languages have very different sound systems
True
False
True
Which comes first in child language development
a. baby recognizes their mom’s voice
b. baby prefers listening to TV over listening to a music box
c. I don’t know
d. they are learned at the same time
A
In the “distributional models of statical learning” the order is important
True
False
True
Which comes first in child language development?
a. English baby can tell the difference between [th] and [t]
b. english baby can tell the difference between [b] and [d]
c. I don’t know
d. They are learned at the same time
B
The corpus callosum allows for cross-communication ensuring that the signals from one hemisphere can reach the other
True
False
True
Damage to Broca’s area primarily affects a person’s ability to understand speech but does not impact their ability to produce it
True
False
False
What are the three main ways language contact occurs?
a. Migration, conquest, trade
b. migration, isolation, trade
c. conquest, education, religion,
trade, writing, social medai
A
How does borrowing influence phonology in a language?
a. borrowed words always keep their original pronunciation
b. borrowed words with unfamiliar sounds may be “nativized”
c. borrowed sounds are always replaced with existing phonemes
d. borrowed words never change after entering a new language
B
Which of the following is an example of phonological adaptation in borrowing?
a. english borrowing “restaurant” from french with change
b. russian changing the german [h] sound to [g] in borrowed words
c. spanish keeping the english “hot dog” unchanged
d. french borrowing “weekend” and pronouncing it exactly like english
B
Language contact only occurs when two languages share the same writing system
True
False
False
English and Latin both belong to the Proto-Indo-European language family
True
False
True
The process of borrowing only affects vocabulary and never influences pronunciation or grammar
True
False
False
Old english had a freer word order compared to Modern English
True
False
True
Middle English had little influence from Latin or French
True
False
False
The Great Vowel Shift significantly changed English pronunciation between Middle and Modern English
True
False
True
Cognates are words in different languages that share a common etymological origin
True
False
True
Which of the following sentences contain an auxiliary verb
a. She enjoys reading
b. He has finished his homework
c. They run every morning
d. The cat sleeps on the couch
B
Which of the following is not an auxiliary verb?
a. can
b. must
c. quickly
d. have
C
All sentences require an auxiliary verb
True
False
False
Modal auxiliaries express necessity, possibility, or ability
True
False
True
In a passive sentence, the subject of the sentence performs the action
True
False
False
Draw a tree for the sentence:
They have finished their long homework quickly.
Yes/no questions are formed by moving the subject before the auxiliary verb
True
False
False
If a sentence does not already have an auxiliary verb, DO-support is required to form a question or a negation
True
False
True
In passive voice transformation, the subject and object do not switch places in the sentence structure.
(True/False)
False
A wh-question is formed by adding a wh-word and inverting the subject and auxiliary.
(True/False)
True
In relative pronoun deletion, the relative pronoun can only be removed when it functions as the
subject of the clause.
True/False
False
Which of the following is an example of a transformed yes/no question?
a. The professor is writing the quiz.
b. Is the professor writing the quiz?
c. The professor will write the quiz.
d. The professor writing the quiz?
B
Which transformation requires inserting “by” before the original subject?
a. Yes/no questions
b. Passives
c. Wh-questions
d. Negation
B
What is the correct negation of the sentence “She dances beautifully”?
a. She does dance beautifully.
b. She does not dances beautifully.
c. She does not dance beautifully.
d. She not dance beautifully.
C
Identify the base-generated sentence from the following:
a. The quiz was written by the students.
b. The students wrote the quiz.
c. The quiz is being written.
d. Did the students write the quiz?
B
Which of the following is not a modal auxiliary?
a. Can
b. Will
c. Has
d. Might
C
The Uniformitarian Principle states that linguistic processes observed today operated differently in the past
True
False
False
English and Persian are related because they both have a word bad meaning bad”
True
False
False
Grimm’s Law describes a series of systematic sound shifts that differentiate Germanic languages from Proto-Indo-European
True
False
True
The Great Vowel Shift led to the raising of long vowels in English pronunciation
True
False
True
The loss of case inflection in English was due to word order changes rather than phonological change
True
False
False
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the Indo-European language family?
a. Germanic
b. Sino-Tibetan
c. Slavic
d. Celtic
B
Which of the following is an example of over-regularization?
a. saying “goed” instead of “went”
b. borrowing the word pajama from Persian
c. the shift from knight/knixt/ to /nait/
d. the creation of earwig from earwidge
A
Northern Cities Shift is a chain shift affection consonants in the dialects spoken around the Great Lakes
True
False
False
Reanalysis occurs when speakers reinterpret the morphology surface form, rather than its historical origin
True
False
True
English is a member of the Romance language family
True
False
False
In Labov’s New York City R-Dropping study (1966), which group was most likely to hypercorrect their speech formal settings?
a. upper-class
b. middle class
c. lower-class
d. teenagers
B
Speakers usually choose between overt and covert prestige forms based on their social context and the desire to align with certain social groups
True
False
True
Phonetic variation refers to differences in word choice between dialects
True
False
False
Linguistic change is only led by older speakers who have master the language
True
False
False
Which of the following best describes the Observer’s Paradox?
a. Speakers tend to exaggerate their dialect when being recorded
b. People change their speech when they know they are being observed
c. Linguists struggle to analyze speech in formal settings
d. style-shifting does not occur when someone is being recorded
B
Labov’s studies demonstrated that language variation is random and unpredictable
True
False
False
Code-switching refers to the process of adapting language based on formality but only within a single language
True
False
False
Regional dialects only differ in vocabulary, not pronunciation or grammar
True
False
False
Language prestige only to the standard variety of a language
True
False
False
Linguistic variation can occur at all levels of language, including phonology, morphology, syntax and discourse
True
False
True
