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NeuroAnatomy Mod 3 > Quiz Review > Flashcards

Quiz Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not part of the ventral horn?

Spinal border cells (of cooper Sherrington)
Ciliospinal center of Budge
Spinal accessory nucleus

A

Ciliospinal center of Budge—-lateral horn

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2
Q

Sacral parasympathetic nucleus can be found at ___

L1-s4
S2-s4
L2-s3

A

S2-s4

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3
Q

Myotatic reflexes are ___

Monosynaptic and ipsilateral
Polysynaptic and ipsilateral
Monosynaptic and contralateral

A

Monosynaptic and ipsilateral

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4
Q

Phrenic nucleus extends from ___

C1-c7
C3-c5
L2-s3

A

C3-c5

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5
Q

Which structure is associated with light touch, temp, and pain sensation?

Nucleus proprius
Fasciculus cuneatus
Dorsal horn of Clarke

A

Nucleus proprious

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6
Q

Above what level dorsal column is divided into two fasciculi?

C6
T1
T6

A

T6

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7
Q

Which structure can be found at all cord levels

Intermediolateral column
Fasciculus cuneatus
Fasciculus gracilis

A

Fasciulus gracilis

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8
Q

Which of the following is not a sensory tract?

Fasciculus gracilis
Dorsal spinocerebellar
Medial reticulospinal

A

Medial reticulospinal

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9
Q

Denticulate ligaments are two flattened bands of pail tissue that attach to the spinal dura with about ___ teeth

12
21
31

A

21

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10
Q

Which of the following is a muscle stretch reflex

Achilles reflex
Plantar reflex
Withdraw reflex

A

Achilles reflex

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11
Q

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius mm are innervated by the fibers originating from ___

C1-c6
C4-c5
T1-t2

A

C1-c6

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12
Q

Which structure is located at the most dorsal aspect of the gray matter?

Substantia gelatinosa
Spinal border cells
Marginal nucleus

A

Marginal nucleus

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13
Q

Rexed lamina VII contains

Sacral parasympathetic nucleus
Nucleus proprius
Substantia gelatinosa

A

Sacral parasympathetic nucleus
—nucleus proprius=4&5
—substantia gelatinosa= 2-5

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14
Q

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract originates from the ___

Cooper-Sherrington border cells
Dorsal nucleus of Clarke
Nucleus proprius

A

Dorsal nucleus of Clarke—dorsal horn

—cooper Sherrington are ventral spinocerebellar

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15
Q

Ciliospinal center of Budge can be found at ___ level

C1-c6
C1-T6
T1-t2

A

T1-t2

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16
Q

Lesion of which tract would compromise ability to recognize an unseen familiar object in the hand?

Fasciculus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus
Lateral spinothalamic tract

A

Fasciculus cuneatus
—gracilis= lower extremities
—spinothalamic= pain/temp

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17
Q

Ventral spinocerebellar tract can be found in the ___ column of the spinal cord.

Lateral
Ventral
Dorsal

A

Latera

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18
Q

First-order sensory neurons of which tract form an afferent limb of myotatic reflexes?

Corticospinal
Spinocerebellar
Spinothalamic

A

Spinocerebellar

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19
Q

Which tract is involved in the fine coordination of posture and the movement of individual muscle of the lower extremity?

Faciculus gracilis
Dorsal spinocerebellar
Ventral spinocerebellar

A

Dorsal spinocerebellar

—gracilis=tactile discrimination

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20
Q

Accessory cuneate nucleus is associated with the ___

Fascicluls cuneatus
Cuneocerebellar tract
Accessory spinal nerve

A

Fasciculus cuneatus

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21
Q

All the following tracts decussate inter ventral white commissure, except the ___

Lateral spinothalamic
Ventral spinocerebellar
Dorsal spinocerebellar

A

Dorsal spinocerebellar—-uncrossed

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22
Q

Which tract is associate with light touch?

Ventral spinothalamic
Lateral spinothalamic
Cuneocerebellar

A

Ventral spinothalamic

—lateral=pain/ temp

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23
Q

Which of the following is not a sensory tract?

Fascicles gracilis
Ventral spinocerebellar
Vestibulospinal

A

Vestibulospinal

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24
Q

First order sensory neurons of which tract can be found in the dorsal root ganglia at all levels?

Ventral spinocerebellar
Lateral spinothalamic
Fasicuclus cuneatus

A

Lateral spinothalamic

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25
Q

Which dorsal tract reaches the cerebellum via the superior cerebral peduncle?

Dorsal spinocerebellar
Ventral spinocerebellar
Cuneocerebellar

A

Ventral spinocerebellar

—inferior peduncle

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26
Q

Which tract has cell bodies of 2nd order sensory neurons in the dorsal horns?

Cuneocerebellar tract
Fasciculus gracilis
Lateral spinothalamic tract

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

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27
Q

Which tract transmits vibration sensation from the ankle?

Fasicuclus gracilis
Dorsal spinocerebellar
Ventral spinocerebellar

A

Fasciculus gracilis

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28
Q

Ventral spinocerebellar tract originates from the ___

Border cells of Cooper-Sherrrington
Dorsal nucleus of Clarke
Cuneocerebellar tract

A

Border cells of cooper-Sherrington

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29
Q

Dorsolateral tract of Lissauer is part of which structure?

Dorsal column
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Cuneocerebellar tract

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

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30
Q

In dorsal spinocerebellar tract, the cell bodies of 1st order sensory neurons are located in dorsal root ganglia at the level of ___

C8-s3
L1-s2
C2-t7

A

C8-s3

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31
Q

Which statement is true about corticospinal tracts?

Originate from lamina IV of the cerebral cortex
90% of fibers decussate in the caudal medulla
Constitute bulk of dorsal column of the spinal cord

A

90% of fibers decussate in the caudal medulla

—originates in lamina V

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32
Q

Rubrospinal tract can be found in the ___ column of the spinal cord

Lateral
Ventral
Dorsal

A

Lateral

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33
Q

Which tract decussates in the ventral white commisure?

Ventral corticospinal
Medial reticulospinal
Lateral vestibulospinal

A

Ventral corticospinal
—-medial reticulospinal =ipsilateral
—-lateral vestibulospinal =uncrossed

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34
Q

The corticospinal tracts originate from the following areas, except___

Premotor cortex (area 6)
Frontal eye-field cortex (area 8)
Primary motor cortex (area 4)

A

Frontal eye-field (area 8)

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35
Q

Lesion of which tract would result in Horner syndrome?

Tectospinal
Rubrospinal
Hypothalamospinal

A

Hypothalamospinal

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36
Q

Which tract would does not decussate?

Vestibulospinal
Rubropinal
Tectospinal

A

Vestibulospinal

37
Q

Upper motor neurons can be found in the ___

Substantia nigra
Red nucleus
Nucleus ambiguus

A

Red nucleus

38
Q

Which tract originates in the pons?

Tectospinal
Rubrospinal
Vestibulospinal

A

Vestibulospinal
—rubrospinal= cortex
—tectospinal= superior colliculus

39
Q

Tone of the flexor mm is controlled by the ___ tract

Lateral vestibulospinal
Rubrospinal
Medial reticulospinal

A

Rubrospinal

—lat. vestibulospinal= extensor tone

40
Q

Spastic paralysis suggest involvement of the ___

Upper motor neurons
Lower motor neurons
Spinal nerve roots

A

Upper motor neurons

41
Q

Which tract may modulate pain impulses?

Tectospinal
Reticulospinal
Rubrospinal

A

Reticulospinal

42
Q

Two terms for massive motor tracts serving voluntary movements are ___

Pyramidal and corticospinal
Extrapyramidal and multineuronal
Segmental and supplementary

A

Extrapyramidal and multineuronal

43
Q

Which tract has cell bodies upper motor neurons in the medulla oblongata?

Ventral corticospinal
Lateral reticulospinal
Medial reticulospinal

A

Medial reticulospinal
—vent corticospinal= cortex
—lat reticulospinal= pontine

44
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract contains axons of the giant cells of ___

Betz
Golgi
Deiters

A

Betz

45
Q

What nuclei of the indirect system receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles?

Superior colliculi
Reticular nuclei
Vestibular nuclei

A

Vestibular nuclei

46
Q

Which cerebellar lobe is called the vestibulocerebellum?

Anterior
Posterior
Flocculonodular

A

Flocculonodular

47
Q

Basket cells can be found in the ___ layer

Purkinje cell
Molecular
Granule

A

Molecular

48
Q

Which type of cells is characterized by the outermost location of cell body in the cerebellar cortex.

Stellate
Golgi
Basket

A

Stellate

49
Q

Which type of cells is characterized by dendritic arborizations in the outermost layer of cerebellar cortex.

Perkinje
Betz
Granule

A

Perkinje

50
Q

What type of cells forms synapses with mossy fibers

Cooper-Sherrington
Purkinje
Granule

A

Granule

51
Q

Which type of cells conveys the only output from the cerebellar cortex

Golgi
Deuteir
Purkinje

A

Purkinje

52
Q

Which type of cells forms parallel fibers?

Granule
Basket
Stellate

A

Granule

53
Q

Mossy fibers are termination of which tract?

Olivocerebellar
Spinocerebellar
Rubrospinal

A

Spinocerebellar

54
Q

Which tract terminates in form of climbing fibers?

Olivocerebellar
Reticulocerebellar
Pontocerebellar

A

Olivocerebellar

55
Q

Which cerebellar zone controls muscles of the distal parts of the limbs, especially the hands and feet?

Median
Lateral
Intermediate

A

Intermediate

56
Q

Which nucleus does not constitute interposed nucleus?

Dentate
Emboliform
Globose

A

Dentate

57
Q

Fibers from which nucleus travels via the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

Dentate
Emboliform
Fastigial

A

Emboliform

—-dentate (maybe fastigial)= superior

58
Q

Cuneocerebellar tract enters the cerebellum via which peduncle?

Inferior
Middle
Superior

A

Inferior

59
Q

Juxtarestiform body is part of which peduncle?

Superior
Middle
Inferior

A

Inferior

60
Q

Which cerebellar peduncle contains only afferent fibers?

Superior
Middle
Inferior

A

Middle

61
Q

Ventral spinocerebellar tract enters cerebellum via which peduncle?

Superior
Middle
Inferior

A

Superior

62
Q

Alcohol abuse most likely affects ___

Lateral hemispheres
Anterior vermis
Posterior vermis

A

Anterior vermis

63
Q

Fibers of internal capsule separate ___

Putamen from the globus pallidus
Caudate nucleus from the thalamus
Caudate nucleus from the lentiform nucleus

A

Caudate nucleus from the lentiform nucleus

64
Q

A hypersensitive patient suddenly develops violent flinging involuntary movements in an upper limb. The patient is able to suppress the movements for brief periods. What structure may be affected?

Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra

A

Subthalamic nucleus—ballism/ hemiballism

—substantia nigra= parkinsons

65
Q

Neostriatum is ___

Caudate nucleus and putamen
Putamen and globus pallidus
Putamen and thalamus

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

66
Q

Which structure is a major site in Huntington’s disease?

Caudate nucleus
Internal capsule
Globus pallidus

A

Caudate nucleus

67
Q

Globus pallidus receivable input from which two major nuclei?

Striatum and subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus
Lentiform nucleus and claustrum

A

Striatum and subthalamic nucleus

68
Q

Tail of caudate nucleus terminated anteriorly in the ___ nucleus

Red
Subthalamic
Amygdaloid

A

Amygdaloid

69
Q

Lentiform nucleus is ___

Caudate nucleus and putamen
Putamen and globus pallidus
Claustrum and globus pallidus

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

70
Q

Basal ganglia receive their input via the ___

Caudate nucleus and putamen
Putamen and globus pallidus
Putamen and subthalamic nucleus

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

71
Q

Claustrum can be found between ___

Internal and external capsules
External and extreme capsules
Caudate nucleus and thalamus

A

External and extreme capsules

72
Q

Which structure is a major site of degeneration in Parkinson’s disease?

Subthalamic nucleus
Globus pallidus
Substantia nigra

A

Substantia nigra

73
Q

Corpus striatum is __

Caudate nucleus and putamen
Putamen and globus pallidus
Caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

74
Q

Which of the following is part of the limbic system?

Putamen
Subthalamic nucleus
Amygdaloid nuclues

A

Amygdaloid nucleus

75
Q

____ is the major site form which the output leaves the basal nuclei.

Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus

A

Globus pallidus

76
Q

Production of which neurotransmitter is affected in Parkinson’s disease?

Dopamine
GABA
Glycine

A

Dopamine

77
Q

Which of the following is not true about basal ganglia?

They inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movement
They regulate intensity of slow or stereotyped movements
They receive direct input from and output to the spinal cord

A

They receive direct input from and output to the spinal cord

78
Q

Destruction of the ventral horn results in ___

Exaggerated muscle stretch reflexes
Loss of muscle bulk
Babinski sign

A

Loss of muscle bulk—atrophy
—-exaggerated reflexes= flaccid paralysis
—-babinksi= UMN

79
Q

Cutting a ventral root of a spinal cord may result in:

An increased activity of muscle stretch reflexes involving denervated muscles
Degeneration of dorsal root ganglion cells at the same segmental spinal cord level
Regeneration of the cut axons because their myelin sheath are formed by Schwann cells

A

An increased activity of muscle stretch reflexes involving denervated muscles

80
Q

A 51 year old man complains that in span of approx 3 moths his upper extremities gradually got weaker and weaker with right hand now being held only in claw-like position. He also has trouble getting up from a chair and he walk with difficulty. During examination, tendon reflexes in both lower limbs are elevated, and there are bilateral Babinski responses in both feet, the biceps and triceps reflexes are virtually absent. There is visible twitching of muscle fibers beneath the skin of both forearms and chest. His speech is somewhat nasal and slurred. The patient has no pain or loss of sensation, and he maintains that bladder function is normal. The patient signs consistent with___

Multiple sclerosis
Tabes dorsalis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

81
Q

35 year old man had fallen off of a ladder. A neurological exam conducted 2 weeks after the accident reveals that the individual has a complete hemisection of the right side of the spinal cord at the level T10. In this case, the patient is most likely to exhibit ___

Pain and temp loss in both upper and lower limb on the left
Altered touch sensations from the right lower limb
Hyperactive stretch reflexes in the lower limb on the left

A

Altered touch sensations from the right lower limb

82
Q

A 23 year old woman reports that for about six months she had balancing problems and numbness in her right hand, but the numbness subsided after a couple of months. She works as a secretary and things she may have carpal tunnel syndrome. Examination reveals decreased vibratory sense n both the right hand and right leg, decreased pinprick sensation in the right lower limb, and that both of her right limbs are weak. Which of the following might also be seen in the patient?

Bilateral ptosis
Blurry vision
Foot drop

A

Foot drop

83
Q

A 54 year old man developed shooting and burning sensations in both legs and altered sensations of touch in the soles of both feet. His gait is unsteady. He tends to urinate more frequently, particularly at night. The patient signs consistent with___

Tabes dorsalis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Anterior spinal artery occlusion

A

Tabes dorsalis

84
Q

A 17 year old patient complains that he cannot tell the difference between hot or cold water when he washes his hand, and also notes that both upper limbs tire easily. Examination reveals that the thenar eminences of both hands of the patient appear wasted. The patient signs consistent with ___

Poliomyelitis
Syringomyelia
Tabes dorsalis

A

Syringomyelia

85
Q

Examination reveals that 53 year old patient lost the ability to discriminate between two points presented simultaneously to the skin of the left hand. The patient signs consistent with the lesion in the ___

Medial lemniscus on the left side of pons
Dorsal column on the left side of the spinal cord at C3
Spinothalamic tract on the left side of the spinal cord at C2

A

Dorsal column of the left side of the spinal cord at C3

86
Q

A 43 year old patient is present with muscle weakness, fasciculations, and suppressed reflexes. The most likely location of the lesion is in the ___

Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Lateral column

A

Ventral horn

87
Q

Neurological examination reveals an extensor plantar reflex on the left side, hypperflexia on the left side, a loss of pain and temp sensation on the right side, and ptosis and mitosis on the left side. A lesion would most likely be found in the ___

Cervical spinal cord
Lumbar spinal cord
Crus cerebri, left side

A

Cervical spinal cord

88
Q

After repair of an aortic aneurysm, a 39 year old patient developed neurological signs attributed to temporary occlusion of the feeder arteries to the anterior spinal artery. Which of the following signs would be the LEAST likely to be present?

Bilateral loss of pain and temp sensation below the site of occlusion
Bilateral weakness below the site of the occlusion
Bilateral loss of vibratory sense below the site of the occlusion

A

Bilateral loss of vibratory sense below the site of occlusion

NeuroAnatomy Mod 3 (3 decks)

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