Quiz review 1 Flashcards
Florence Nightingale
Established sanitary nursing care units during the CRIMEAN WAR. Founder of modern nursing began professional education of nursing
Nightingale schools
Focused on hygiene and task competence. St.Thomas Hospital in London was the first nursing school but very few women of color were admitted.
Mary Seacole
Nurse in Cuba and Panama. Contributions to the health of soldiers in the CRIMEAN WAR by using a “hotel” to care for sick soldiers.
Clara Barton
Nurse during the CIVIL WAR, founder of the American Red Cross. Asked the nations for supplies and was named the “Angle of the battle field”
Mary Eliza Mahoney
First trained African American nurse in the US. Went to New England Hospital
Isabel Hampton Robb
Founder of American Nurses Association. Protested the lack of uniformity across nursing schools due to inadequate curriculum.
Lillian Wald
Established Henry Street Settlement which provided public health nursing during widespread infectious disease in 1893
Lina Rogers
First school nurse in the US
American Journal of Nursing
In the 1900’s the journal began publishing research studies. Largest and longest running nursing journal
Flexner Model
Abraham Flexner: 1910: professionals have a high degree of individual responsibility, based on a body of knowledge developed and refined through research, practical and theoretical, specialized education, strong internal organization, motivated by altruism
US Sanitary commission
A private relief agency created by the federal government in 1861 to provide care to sick and wounded civil war soldiers
Permissive Licensure Law’s for Nursing
RN is a limited term for licensed nurses. BY 1950, nursing stat exams were all uniformed. RN is only used for people who passed the NCLEX.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
goal is to stimulate the economy. Had a provision for 500 million to strengthen the us healthcare workforce which included training and education of the next generation
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
a private foundation that funds innovative healthcare initiatives, committed tens of millions of dollars to pursuing programs that help nursing schools, hospitals, and care settings. Called Colleagues in Caring
ANCC magnet Recognition Program
a model for employers to earn the designation of “ employer of choice” by implementing a model program designed to attract and retain nurses in acute care settings
R.H. Hall’s Attributes of a Profession
Use of a professional organization as a primary point of reference, belief in the value of public service, belief in self-regulation, commitment to a profession beyond economic incentives, and a sense of autonomy in practice
Kelly’s Characteristics of the Nursing Profession: 1981
services are vital to humanity and the welfare of society, there is a special body of knowledge that continues to grow and involves intellectual activities, and individual responsibility. ACCOUNTABILITY, AUTONOMY, ALTRUISM, and ASSOCIATION.
Millers Wheel of professionalism
Identified “behaviors deemed necessary in maintaining or increasing nurses professionalism” -Publication and communication, adherence to code of nursing, theory use, community service orientation, development use, autonomy, professional organization participation
Future of Nursing Report
2-year initiative to address the need to transform the nursing profession
-Nurses must practice to the full extent of education/training
-Nurses should easily attain higher education through a system of transition across degrees
-Nurses should be partners with other healthcare professionals as the profession is transformed
-Increased knowledge of data/infrastructure results in a increased effective workplace
Goldmark Report
the study focused on the clinical learning experiences of students, the desirability of establishing university schools of nursing, lack of prepared teachers
ACEN
Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing
CCE
Commissions on Collegiate Nursing Education
Dorthea Orem
Goal is for patients to be independent again
Inductive Reasoning
Based on what we see. Empirical observations
Deductive Reasoning
The conclusion is based on assumptions, not on observations or data. Hypothesis.
Pure Science
Summarizes and explains the universe without regard for whether the information is immediately useful
Applied Science
Is the practical application of scientific theory and laws. Bedside nursing has findings that can help cure, manage, and prevent
Translational Science
Takes the findings in the lab and develops them for use at the bedside. Findings in clinical research done at the bedside is used to asked new questions
Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence from research studies, patient care data, clinical expertise, patient preferences and values
Steps of the research process
Identification of a research problem: clinical situations, literature, theories
Review of the literature: Current, comprehensive, relevant
Formulation of the research question or hypothesis
Design of the study: experimental/nonexperimental
Implementation of the study: Data collection/analysis
Drawing conclusions
Discussion of clinical implication
Dissemination of findings
Evidence-Based Practice steps
Ask clinical questions in PICOT format, search for the best evidence, appraise the evidence, integrate the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preference/values, evaluate outcomes, and disseminate results.
PICOT
Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time
Novice Thinking (Novice Nurses)
Organize knowledge as separate facts, rely on resources and step-by-step procedures, need to follow clear-cut rules, unawareness of resources, hindered by anxiety, and tend to focus on performing instead of patient response
Expert Thinking (Expert Nurses)
Store knowledge in an organized structured way, assess different options before acting, be aware of resources and how to use them, and be more confident and comfortable with procedures and patient care.
Phases of the Nursing Process
ADPIE: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
Assessment
Data about the individual Pt, family history, physiologic, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, spiritual, and environmental info.
Diagnosis
Identifies problems Pt experiencing as a result of the disease process. Address problems and treat them within the scope of practice, supported by data.
Planning
Identify long-term and short-term goals, determine ways to reach goals, selection of interventions like independent, dependent, interdependent, and protocols
Implementation
Nursing orders are carried out following care plan
Evaluation
The nurse examines the patient’s progress in relation to the goals and outcomes criteria. problem is resolved/unresolved/ or in the process of being resolved.
Cohen’s Model: four stages of basic student socialization
unilateral dependence, Negativity/independence, Dependence/ mutuality, Interdependence.
Cohen’s Stage 1
Unilateral dependence: reliant on external authority, limited questioning or critical analysis
Cohen’s Stage 2
Negativity/independence: cognitive rebellion; diminished reliance on external authority, begin asking why
Cohen’s Stage 3
Dependence/ mutuality: Reasoned appraisal; begins the integration of facts and opinions, make a nursing diagnosis
Cohen’s Stage 4
Interdependence: student is able to function on their own; professional dependent has grown, ready to be a professional nurse
Benner’s Stage of Nursing Proficiency
Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent Practitioner, Proficient Practitioner, Expert Practitioner.
Novice
Benner stage 1; following rules, you need instruction/guidelines, skills are limited
Advanced Beginner
Benner stage 2; sorta competent, know that is expected, practice some, able to do what you are supposed to do
Competent Practitioner
Benner Stage 3; 2-3 years as an RN, organized, efficient, know how to implement care plan
Proficient Practitioner
Benner stage 4; 3-5 years as a RN, focused on total patient care; able to look at big picture, able to prioritize very quickly
Expert Practitioner
Benner stage 5; Been a nurse forever and forever, automatically react/ don’t need to think, the nursing process is very natural
Standards of Reasoning
Clarity, Accuracy, Precision, Relevance, Depth, Breadth(not based on bias), Logic, Significance.
Diagnostic Reasoning
Analyzing and interpreting: 4 Levels- 1: identify significant cues 2: cluster cues and identity data gaps 3: draw conclusions about present health status 4: determine etiologies and categorize problems
Verifying the diagnosis
Labeling the diagnosis
Recording the data
Type of Nursing Diagnoses
Actual: problem-focused
Potential: risk for
Wellness: Health Promotion
Nursing Diagnosis of Human Responses
Multi-Dimensional: Biological, psychological, interpersonal, social, spiritual
Different Levels: Cellular, systemic, whole person
Responses to Stressors: Maladaptive (harmful) Adaptive (helpful)
SMART Goals
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timely
Types of Planning
Time-sequenced planning, initial planning, ongoing planning, Discharge planning (starts at the time of admission)
Discharge Planning
MODEL: Make a written plan, Offer resources, Devise ways to increase compliance, Evaluate your teaching with immediate feedback and legal implications (Document)
Outcome Statement Components
Subject, Verb (only 1), How the verb will be done, Performance criteria, target timeframe, modifiers (How, When, Where, How Much)
Nursing Outcomes Classification system
Outcome Label (1-3 word standardized name), indicators (can be seen or measured), Measurement Scale
Nursing Interventions Classification system
Label, Definition, Activity List. Nursing orders and Components ( What: intervention instructions, Why: Direction for others, Date, Subject, Verb, Qualifier, Time, Signature. Make sure its clear and specific, accurate, and realistic.
SOAP
Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan.
Widely use method of documentation of medical interventions; provides framework for healthcare workers to asses, diagnose and treat patients
SBAR
Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
Way nurse communicates with other members of other healthcare professionals. Why you are calling, brief description of what is happening, and what you think should happen.
