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pathology 1 > Quiz Questions Exam 1 > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A cell that has undergone physiologic stress may adapt via which 2 mechanisms?

A

1) metaplasia

2) hypertrophy

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2
Q

Which is the term indicating an increase in the number of cells has resulted from the proliferation of differentiated cells?

A

hyperplasia

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3
Q

What is the term indicating a reversible change has occurred from one adult cell type by another adult cell type?

A

Metaplasia

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4
Q

Decreased cellular protein synthesis combined with increased protein degradation is the hallmark feature of which one of the following?

A

atrophy

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5
Q

which morphological category of necrosis requires histological examination to determine (1)?

A

fat necrosis

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6
Q

The presence of lipid vacuoles within the cytoplasm of a cell (fatty changes) are most likely to occur following which type of injury (1)?

A

crush injury
hypoxia
page8

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7
Q

which one of the following describes destructive fragmentation of the nucleus within a dying cell?

A

karyorrhexis

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8
Q

mitochondria are resistant to the deleterious effects of hypoxia: t/f?

A

False

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9
Q

Apoptosis may be stimulated by both irradiation and accumulation of improperly folded proteins: t/f?

A

true

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10
Q

phospholipases are enzymes within a cells that are most likely to be activated via which one?

A

influx of calcium

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11
Q

cellular response to an injurious stimuli depends on which 3 of the following?

A

1) Duration of injury
2) type of injury
3) severity of injury

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12
Q

reactive oxygen species are produced in all cells during their normal cellular metabolism, T/F?

A

true

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13
Q

The restoration of blood flow to an area of ischemia commonly causes damage to which 2 types of tissues?

A

1) cerebral neurons

2) myocardium of the heart

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14
Q

Caspase-8 are most likely to cleave and activate pro-aptoptotic molecules in which pathway?

A

the death receptor pathway

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15
Q

damage caused by free radicals is determined by their _______ and efficieicy of removal

A

rate of production

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16
Q

name 2 reactive oxygen species

A

1) superoxide

2) hydrogen peroxide

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17
Q

ischemia destroys tissues faster and more severely than does hypoxia T/F?

A

true

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18
Q

breakdown of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle is an example of physiologic apoptosis T/F?

A

true

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19
Q

calorie restriction inhibits the effects of aging t/f?

A

true

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20
Q

which of the following is a short repeated sequence of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes?

A

telomere

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21
Q

deposition of calcium into an injured tissue is called

A

dystrophic calcification

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22
Q

disorders causing destruction of bone (osteolysis) will cause _____

A

metastatic calcification

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23
Q

which morphological pattern of inflammation is associated with acne vulagris

A

purulent

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24
Q

which morphological pattern of inflammation is demonstrated by histological examination

A

inflammazome

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25
Q

the resolution stage of an inflammatory reaction involves enzymatic degradation of the various chemical mediators of the reaction: true/false?

A

true

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26
Q

increased vascular permeability results in exudate of protein-rich extravascular fluid: true/false?

A

true

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27
Q

focal collections of pus are called

A

abscesses

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28
Q

the most common exogenous pigment is _____

A

silica

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29
Q

the kinin system leads to the formation of _____, which increases vascular permeability

A

bradykinin

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30
Q

activation of _____ induces the activation the coagulation cascade and the complement system

A

hageman factor (factor XXLVII)

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31
Q

activation of which system generates a porelike membrane attack complex (MAC)

A

complement system

32
Q

TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 are all considered to be _______

A

cytokines

33
Q

leukocites is a common feature of inflammatory reactions, especially those induced by a ______ infection

A

bacterial

34
Q

pathogens stimulate ____ synthesis which stimulate the production of neurotransmitters that reset the temperature set point

A

prostaglandin

35
Q

which 2 of the following are involved in septic shock following a septic bacterial infection?

A

1) hypotensive shock

2) acidosis

36
Q

once the inflammatory reaction has resolved, the body initiates the process of healing. t/f

A

true

37
Q

cells that are capable of proliferating in response to injury or loss of tissue mass are components of what?

A

labile tissue

38
Q

non-dividing cells are either in the ____ or _____ phases of the cell cycle

A

G0 or G1

39
Q

an example of a labile cell would be a ______?

A

hematopoietic cell

40
Q

what are two things that are commonly involved in response to an increase in growth factors?

A

promotion of entry into the cell cycle

prevention of apoptosis

41
Q

tissues recoil and return to baseline structure, following deformation is due to what type of tissue?

A

elastin

42
Q

which fibrous structural protein of the extracellular matrix provides structural integrity to large vessel walls and ligaments

A

collagen

43
Q

the liver is a unique organ because it has the ability to regenerat ___% of the tissue following surgical removal?

A

50

44
Q

does scar formation involves angiogenesis?

A

true

45
Q

which of the following components of the extra cellular matrix act as a reservoir for growth factors?

A

proteoglycans (i think)

46
Q

extensive regeneration or compensatory hyperplasia can occur only if the residual connective tissue framework is structurally intact?

A

false?

47
Q

granulations tissue is vascularized. T/F

A

true, it is highly vascularized

48
Q

growth factors that stimulate and activate fibroblasts are primarily derived from what?

A

macrophages

49
Q

as healing continues, localized fibroblasts (increase or decrease) extracellular matrix deposition?

A

increase

50
Q

extracellular matrix is degraded by matrix metallproteinases which are dependent on what for their activity?

A

zinc

51
Q

as healing progresses, localized vasculature (increases or decreases)

A

decreases

52
Q

a surgical incision that was sutured is expected to reach peak neurovascularization in how many days?

A

5

53
Q

a wound is likely to regain approximately what percent of the original tissue strength in the first 3 months after the injury?

A

75%

54
Q

the genetic alterations associated with neoplasia are always passed to daughter cells upon cell division. T/F?

A

true… i think

55
Q

genomic instability and angiogenesis are both hallmarks of cancer development. T/F

A

true

56
Q

divergent differentiation of neoplastic cells is common. T/F?

A

false. its common in benign

57
Q

granulations tissue is vascularized. T/F

A

true, it is highly vascularized

58
Q

growth factors that stimulate and activate fibroblasts are primarily derived from what?

A

macrophages

59
Q

as healing continues, localized fibroblasts (increase or decrease) extracellular matrix deposition?

A

increase

60
Q

extracellular matrix is degraded by matrix metallproteinases which are dependent on what for their activity?

A

zinc

61
Q

as healing progresses, localized vasculature (increases or decreases)

A

decreases

62
Q

a surgical incision that was sutured is expected to reach peak neurovascularization in how many days?

A

5

63
Q

a wound is likely to regain approximately what percent of the original tissue strength in the first 3 months after the injury?

A

75%

64
Q

the genetic alterations associated with neoplasia are always passed to daughter cells upon cell division. T/F?

A

? true?

65
Q

genomic instability and angiogenesis are both hallmarks of cancer development. T/F

A

? true?

66
Q

divergent differentiation of neoplastic cells is common. T/F?

A

false. benign cells have divergent differentiation

67
Q

what has the greatest impact of the biological behavior of a neoplasm?

A

parenchyma

68
Q

cancer cells are limited to undergoing approximately 60-70 replications prior to cellular senescence (death)

A

false. they can replicate limitlessly

69
Q

what is a mixed tumor that contains cells or tissues representing more than 1 germ cell layer?

A

teratoma

70
Q

in general, benign tumors are anaplastic and malignant tumors are well-differentiated t/f?

A

false benign tumors are well differentiated, malignant are anaplastic

71
Q

which type of cancer is most likely to use the lymphatic system for metastasis?

A

carcinoma

72
Q

which of the following is a mass of disorganized tissue that is similar in appearance to the tissues at the site of growth?

A

hamartoma

73
Q

what type of cancer is more likely to use the hematogenous spread?

A

sarcoma

74
Q

what are the 3 typses of malignant dissemination?

A

1) seeding
2) lymphatic spread
3) hematogenous spread

75
Q

growth by an increase in cell number, opposite of hypertrophy

A

hyperplasia

pathology 1 (1 decks)

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