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LAB EXAMS 4 NERVOUS SYSTEM > QUIZ QUESTIONS > Flashcards

QUIZ QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

IN EEG BRAIN WAVES THE UNIT OF AMPLITUDE IS____

A

microvolts/ 10 e-10

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2
Q

WHAT IS MEASURED BY THE “GROUND” ELECTRODE IN AN EEG OBTAINED BY THE “BIPOLAR METHOD”

A

THE BODY’S BASELINE VOLTAGE

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3
Q

DELTA WAVES, WHICH ARE OBSERVED DURING SLEEPING, MAY INCREASE DURING ___________

A

DIFFICULT MENTAL ACTIVITIES

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4
Q

EXPLAIN WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF THE BIOPAC EEG EXERCISE

A

DEMONSTRATE BRAIN ACTIVITY DURING RELAXED (CLOSED EYES) AND ATTENTIVE (OPEN EYES) STATES

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5
Q

AN ________________ IS A RECORDING OF THE BRAIN’S ACTIVITY OBTAINED BY USING ELECTRODES

A

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM

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6
Q

BETA WAVES ARE THE PROMINENT EEG WAVE PATTERNS OF AN ADULT WHO IS _______ AND _______

A

ALERT AND ATTENTIVE

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7
Q

THETA WAVES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY FREQUENCY RHYTHMS THAT VARY BETWEEN ___ AND ____ HZ

A

4, 8

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8
Q

EXPLAIN WHAT IS MEASURED IN AN EEG OBTAINED BY THE “BIPOLAR METHOD”

A

The difference in electrical potential between the two areas of the brain above which the pair of electrodes is placed

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9
Q

DELTA WAVES ARE THE PROMINENT EEG WAVE PATTERNS OF AN ADULT WHO IS ______

A

sleeping

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10
Q

THE DIFFERENT BRAIN WAVES RECORDED IN AN EEG ARE IDENTIFIED BY THEIR ____________ AND _________

A

FREQUENCY; AMPLITUDE (hz / μV)

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11
Q

ALPHA WAVES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY FREQUENCY RHYTHMS THAT VARY BETWEEN ___ AND ____ HZ

A

8, 13

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12
Q

WHAT CHANGES WOULD YOU DETECT IN AN EEG IF ONE OF THE ELECTRODES WAS PLACED ABOVE AN AREA WITH A BRAIN TUMOR?

A

INCREASED SLOWING ACTIVITY (DELTA & THETA) AND DECREASED FAST ACTIVITY (ALPHA AND BETA).

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13
Q

THETA WAVES ARE THE PROMINENT EEG WAVE PATTERNS OF AN ADULT DURING _______

A

SLEEPING

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14
Q

IN EEG BRAIN WAVES, THE UNIT OF FREQUENCY IS __________ WHICH REPRESENTS __________

A

HERTZ (hz); CYCLES / SEC

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15
Q

BETA WAVES DETECTED IN AN EEG ARE CHARACTERIZED BY FREQUENCY RHYTHMS THAT VARY BETWEEN ___ AND ____ HZ

A

13; 30 (hz)

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16
Q

________________ IS AN EEG IN WHICH BRAIN SIGNALS ARE COLLECTED FROM THE SCALP AND ARE AMPLIFIED AND FED INTO A COMPUTER.

A

DIGITAL EEG

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17
Q

A _________________ IS TAKEN AS CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF DEATH

A

FLAT EEG / NO EEG signal

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18
Q

NAME ONE DIAGNOSTIC USE OF THE EEG

A

LOCALIZE BRAIN TUMORS

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19
Q

____________ ARE RAPID, PREDICTABLE, INVOLUNTARY MOTOR RESPONSES TO STIMULI

A

REFLEXES

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20
Q

Name one superficial cord reflex

A

PLANTAR REFLEX

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21
Q

IS THE ABNORMAL (WHEN SEEN IN ADULTS) FLARING OF TOES
AND MOVEMENT OF THE BIG TOE IN AN UPWARD DIRECTION DURING PLANTAR
REFLEX TESTING

A

BABINSKI SIGN

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22
Q

________IS A CONSENSUAL RESPONSE / REFLEX OBSERVED ON ONE SIDE
OF BODY WHEN OTHER SIDE HAS BEEN STIMULATED

A

contralateral response

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23
Q

DEFINE: CONTRALATERAL RESPONSE

A

reflex observed on on side of the body when other side has been stimulated

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24
Q

NAME ONE CONTRALATERAL RESPONSE REFLEX SEEN IN LAB

A

cross extension

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25
Q

What is the normal reaction during the cross extensor reflex?

A

Ipsilateral contraction of agonis

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26
Q

NAME THE REFLEX WHICH OCCURS IF YOU SUDDENLY PRICK A SUBJECT’S
FINGER

A

crossed extensor reflex

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27
Q

NAME ONE IPSILATERAL RESPONSE REFLEX SEEN IN LAB

A

patellar reflex

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28
Q

DEFINE: IPSILATERAL RESPONSE

A

a response recurring on the same side of the body as was stimulated

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29
Q

NAME ONE STIMULUS WHICH RESULTS IN SUPERFICIAL CORD REFLEXES

A

pain and temperature changes

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30
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL REACTION DURING THE PATELLAR/ KNEE-JERK REFLEX

A

knee extension

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31
Q

NAME A SOMATIC REFLEX OBSERVED IN LAB

A

patellar reflex

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32
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL REACTION DURING THE PATELLAR/ KNEE-JERK REFLEX

A

knee extension

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33
Q

NAME ONE OF THE REFLEXES THAT WERE TESTED IN LAB USING THE PEN LIGHT

A

pupillary light reflex

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34
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL REACTION DURING THE PLANTAR REFLEX TEST IN
ADULTS?

A

curling of the toe

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35
Q

NAME THE REFLEX WHICH OCCURS WHEN YOU SHINE A BRIGHT LIGHT INTO A
SUBJECT’S EYE

A

pupillary light reflex

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36
Q

NAME AN AUTONOMIC REFLEX OBSERVED IN LAB

A

pupillary light reflex

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37
Q

THE INHIBITION OF THE ANTAGONIST OF A STRETCHED MUSCLE DURING A
STRECTH REFLEX ARC TEST IS CALLED ____________

A

reciprocal inhibition

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38
Q

DISTORTED, EXAGGERATED OR ABSENT REFLEX RESPONSES MAY INDICATE
WHAT?

A

degeneration of the nervous system

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39
Q

NAME THE INSTRUMENTS USED TO TEST THE PLANTAR & ACHILLES REFLEXES

A

flex hammer

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40
Q

_____________ ARE RAPID, PREDICTABLE, INVOLUNTARY MOTOR RESPONSES TO
STIMULI

A

reflexes

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41
Q

NAME TWO OF THE REFLEXES THAT WERE TESTED USING THE RUBBER MALLET

A

patellar , knee-jerk plantar flexion

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42
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL REACTION DURING THE SALIVARY REFLEX TEST

A

production of saliva

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43
Q

DEFINE: BABINSKI SIGN

A

the abnormal flaring of the toes and movemnt of big toe in an upward direction during plantar reflex testing

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44
Q

______________ ARE AXONAL BRANCHES OF A NEURON

A

collaterals

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45
Q

_____________ IS PERMANENT FLACCID PARALYSIS OF BOTH LEGS DUE TO
TRANSECTION OR SEVERE TRAMA TO THE SPINAL CORD

A

paraplegia

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46
Q

NAME THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATH IN WHICH EACH NERVE CELL FIBER IS
WRAPPED

A

endoneurium

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47
Q

NAME THE COARSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN WHICH GROUPS OF NERVE FIBERS
(FASCICLES) ARE WRAPPED

A

perineurium

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48
Q

THE AXONS OF NERVES ARE WRAPPED IN BUNDLES CALLED

A

fascicles

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49
Q

NAME THE FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE WRAPPING OF GROUPS OF FASCICLES /
NERVES

A

epineurium

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50
Q

NAME BOTH PNS NEUROGLIA / GLIAL CELL

A

satellite cells / schwann cells

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51
Q

NAME THE THREE CNS NEUROGLIA / GLIAL CELL

A

astrocytes, oligoddendrocytes, microglia

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52
Q

______________ PLAY A ROLE IN CAPILLARY- NEURON EXCHANGES, AND
CONTROL THE CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT AROUND NEURONS

A

astrocytes

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53
Q

_______________ (NEUROGLIA) MYELINATE THE CYTOPLASMIC EXTENSIONS OF
NEURONS IN THE CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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54
Q

_____________ ARE PHAGOCYTIC NEUROGLIA

A

microglia

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55
Q

_____________ (NEUROGLIA) MYELINATE THE CYTOPLASMIC EXTENSIONS OF
NEURONS IN THE PNS

A

schwann cells

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56
Q

_______________ CELLS LINE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID-FILLED CAVITIES

A

ependymal cells

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57
Q

WHICH CNS NEUROGLIAL CELLS ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT?

A

astrocytes

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58
Q

A TYPICAL NEURON IS COMPRISED OF ______________, WHICH CARRY IMPULSES
EITHER TOWARD OR AWAY FROM ITS OTHER MAJOR AREA, THE ______________.

A

processes / cell body

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59
Q

FASCICLES BOUND TOGETHER BY EPINEURIUM, CONTAINING BLOOD VESSELS
AND LYMPHATIC VESSELS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS CALLED A
______________

A

tract

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60
Q

_____________ ARE THE BASIC FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

neurons

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61
Q

THE PART OF THE NEURON RESPONSIBLE FOR INTEGRATING INCOMING SIGNALS,
AND HOUSING THE NUCLEUS IS CALLED THE _____________

A

cell body

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62
Q

NEURON CELL BODIES FOUND IN CLUSTERS IN THE CNS ARE CALLED

____________ .

A

nuclei

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63
Q

COLLECTIONS OF NEURON CELL BODIES FOUND IN THE PNS ARE CALLED
_____________

A

ganglia

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64
Q

NEURON FIBERS RUNNING THROUGH THE PNS FORM BUNDLES CALLED

_______________

A

nerves

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65
Q

THE CYTOPLASM OF THE NEURON IS CALLED _____________

A

neuroplasm

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66
Q

____________ ARE THE CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS OF THE NEURON

A

neurofibrils

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67
Q

WHAT TYPE OF ORGANELLES ARE NISSL BODIES

A

Rough ER

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68
Q

DENDRITES ARE _________________, THEY BEAR RECEPTORS FOR

NEUROTRANSMITTERS RELEASED BY OTHER NEURONS

A

receptive regions

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69
Q

GIVE ANOTHER NAME FOR AXONS

A

nerve fibers

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70
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF AXONS?

A

generate and conduct nerve impulses

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71
Q

THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT PRODUCED TRAVELS ACROSS THE CELL BODY, AND
IF IT IS GREAT ENOUGH, IT ELICITS A REGENERATIVE ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
CALLED AN ____________ OR _______________, THAT TRAVELS DOWN THE AXON
(GIVE EITHER)

A

impulses

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72
Q

THE AXON OF MOTOR NEURONS BEGINS JUST DISTAL TO A SLIGHTLY ENLARGED
CELL BODY STRUCTURE CALLED THE _____________

A

axon hillock

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73
Q

THE POINT AT WHICH THE AXON HILLOCK NARROWS TO AXON DIAMETER IS
REFERRED TO AS THE ________________

A

initial segment

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74
Q

THE AXON ENDS IN MANY SMALL STRUCTURES CALLED _______________, OR
____________, WHICH FORM SYNAPSES OR JUNCTIONS WITH NEUROINS OR
EFFECTOR CELLS (GIVE EITHER)

A

axon terminals

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75
Q

THE AXON ENDS IN MANY SMALL STRUCTURES CALLED AXON TERMINALS, OR
SYNAPTIC KNOBS, WHICH FORM _____________ OR JUNCTIONS WITH NEURONS
OR EFFECTOR CELLS

A

synapse

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76
Q

EACH AXON TERMINAL IS SEPERATED FROM THE CELL BODY OR DENDRITES OF
THE NEXT POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON BY A TINY GAP CALLED THE ______________

A

synaptic cleft

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77
Q

WHAT DO SYNAPTIC VESICLES CONTAIN?

A

neurotransmitter

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78
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTER DIFFUSES ACROSS THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT TO BIND TO
MEMBRANE RECEPTORS ON THE NEXT NEURON, INITIATING AN ELECTRICAL
CURRENT OR _______________

A

synaptic potential

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79
Q

MOST LONG NERVE FIBERS ARE COVERED WITH A FATTY MATERIAL CALLED
____________, AND SUCH FIBERS ARE REFERRED TO AS MYELINATED FIBERS

A

myelin

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80
Q

MOST LONG NERVE FIBERS ARE COVERED WITH A FATTY MATERIAL CALLED
MYELIN, AND SUCH FIBERS ARE REFERRED TO AS _______________

A

myelinated fibers

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81
Q

THE GAPS OR INDENTATIONS OF THE MYELIN SHEATH ARE CALLED

_____________

A

nodes of ranvier

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82
Q

IN __________, ONE VERY SHORT PROCESS EXTENDS FROM THE CELL BODY AND
THEN DIVIDES

A

unipolar neurons

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83
Q

IN UNIPOLAR NEURONS ONE VERY SHORT PROCESS, WHICH DIVIDES INTO
______________ AND _____________, EXTENDS FROM THE CELL BODY (GIVE
EITHER)

A

central processes

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84
Q

__________ NEURONS HAVE TWO PROCESSES ATTACHED TO THE CELL BODY

A

bipolar

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85
Q

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHERE A BIPOLAR NEURON MAY BE FOUND

A

ear

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86
Q

MANY PROCESSES ISSUE FROM THE CELL BODY OF ______________

A

multipolar neurons

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87
Q

NEURONS CARRYING IMPULSES FROM SENSORY RECEPTORS IN THE INTERNAL
ORGANS, SKIN, SKELETAL MUSCLES, JOINTS OR SPECIAL SENSORY ORGANS ARE
TERMED ______________

A

sensory neurons

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88
Q

NEURONS CARRYING IMPULSES FORM THE CNS TO THE VISCERA AND/ OR BODY
MUSCLES AND GLANDS ARE TERMED ______________

A

motor neurons

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89
Q

___________________ ARE SITUATED BETWEEN AND CONTRIBUTE TO PATHWAYS
THAT CONNECT SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONS, THEIR CELL BODIES ARE
FOUND IN THE CNS, AND THEY ARE MULTIPOLAR

A

interneurons

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90
Q

NERVES THAT CARRY SENSORY FIBERS ARE CALLED _______________

A

sensory nerves

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91
Q

NERVES THAT CARRY BOTH SENSORY AND MOTOR FIBERS ARE CALLED

_______________

A

mixed nerves

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92
Q

THE VENTRAL ROOTS OF THE SPINAL CORD, WHICH CARRY ONLY MOTOR FIBERS
CAN BE CONSIDERED ________________

A

motor nerve

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93
Q

FASCICLES BOUND TOGETHER BY EPINEURIUM, CONTAINING BLOOD VESSELS
AND LYMPHATIC VESSELS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS CALLED A
______________

A

nerve

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94
Q

___________ IS AN INFLAMMATION OF THE MENINGES

A

meningitis

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95
Q

WHAT LIFE-THREATENING DISORDER OF THE BRAIN MAY OCCUR AS A RESULT OF MENINGITIS SPREADING TO THE BRAIN?

A

encephalitis

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96
Q

GIVE THE SPECIFIC AREA THAT MOTOR NEURON CELL BODIES ARE FOUND

A

nuclei

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97
Q

______________ , ALSO KNOWN AS WATER ON THE BRAIN, OCCURS BECAUSE OF
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RETENTION IN INFANTS

A

hydrocephalus

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98
Q

THE ________________ PRIMARILY INTERPRETS INCOMING SENSORY
INFORMATION AND ISSUES INSTRUCTIONS BASED ON THAT INFORMATION AND
ON PAST EXPERIENCE

A

CNS

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99
Q

THE _____________________ SERVES AS COMMUNICATIONS LINES THAT CARRY
IMPULSES FORM THE SENSORY RECPTORS TO THE CNS AND FROM THE CNS TO
THE APPROPRIATE GLANDS, MUSCLES, OR OTHER EFFECTOR ORGANS

A

PNS

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100
Q

NAME THE TWO MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS OF THE PNS

A

sensory and motor

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101
Q

THE ______________, A SUBDIVISION OF THE PNS, CONSISTS OF NERVE FIBERS
THAT CONDUCT IMPULSES TOWARDS THE CNS

A

sensory

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102
Q

THE ______________, A SUBDIVISION OF THE PNS, CONSISTS OF NERVE FIBERS
THAT CONDUCT IMPULSES AWAY THE CNSsensory

A

motor

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103
Q

NAME THE TWO DIVISIONS OF THE MOTOR BRANCH OF THE PNS

A

voluntary and involuntary

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104
Q

THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS) IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE

A

involuntary

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105
Q

DURING EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF ALL VERTEBRATES, THE CNS FIRST
MAKES ITS APPEARANCE AS A SIMPLE TUBE-LIKE STRUCTURE, THE

A

neural tube

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106
Q

NAME TWO OF THE THREE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTAL REGIONS OF THE BRAIN

A

proencephalon, mesencephalon,

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107
Q

THE CENTRAL CANAL OF THE NEURAL TUBE, WHICH REMAINS CONTINOUS
THROUGHOUT THE BRAIN AND CORD, ENLARGES IN FOUR REGIONS OF THE
BRAIN, FORMING CHAMBERS CALLED

A

ventricles

108
Q

THE ___________ IS A TINY ORIFICE CONNECTING THE THIRD VENTRICLE WITH
THE LATERAL VENTRICLE ON THE SAME SIDE

A

interventicular foramina

109
Q

NAME THE THREE MAJOR INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF THE DIENCEPHALON

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

110
Q

THE CAUDATE NUCLEUS AND THE PUTAMEN ARE REFERRED TO COLLECTIVELY
AS THE ______________ OR STRIPED BODY

A

corpus striated

111
Q

THE CORONA RADIATA IS A SPRAY OF PROJECTION FIBERS COURSING DOWN
FROM THE PRECENTRAL/ MOTOR GYRUS, COMBINES WITH SENSORY FIBERS
TRAVELING TO THE SENSORY CORTEX TO FORM A BROAD BAND OF FIBROUS
MATERIAL CALLED THE

A

internal capsule

112
Q

THE ______________ IS A SPRAY OF PROJECTION FIBERS COURSING DOWN FROM
THE PRECENTRAL/ MOTOR GYRUS

A

corona radiata

113
Q

THE AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS/ BODY IS PART OF WHAT SYSTEM?

A

limbic system

114
Q

NAME TWO OF THE THREE NUCLEI WHICH COMPOSE THE BASAL NUCLEI/ BASAL
GANGLIA

A

putamen and globus nuclei

115
Q

THE MOST IMPORTANT BASAL GANGLIA/ NUCLEI ARE THE ___________ ,
_________________AND THE _____________ (GIVE ANY TWO OF THREE)

A

caudate and lentiform nucleus

116
Q

THE BASAL GANGLIA ARE PART OF WHAT SYSTEM?

A

extrapyramidal system

117
Q

THE ____________ ARE IMPORTANT SUBCORTICAL MOTOR NUCLEI THAT ARE
INVOLVED IN REGULATING VOLUNTARY MOTOR ACTIVITIE

A

basal ganglia

118
Q

THE FIBER TRACTS FOUND IN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE WHITE MATTER ARE
CALLED ________________ IF THEY RUN FROM ONE HEMISPHERE TO ANOTHER

A

association tracts

119
Q

______________ IS A CROSSOVER POINT FOR THE MAJOR MOTOR TRACTS/
PYRAMIDAL TRACTS DESCENDING FROM THE MOTOR AREAS OF THE CEREBRUM

A

decussation of pyramids

120
Q

WHAT IS THE LOWEST/ MOST INFERIOR BRAIN STEM STRUCTURE?

A

medulla oblongata

121
Q

THE ______________ ARE FIBER TRACTS THAT CONNECT THE PONS TO THE
CEREBRUM

A

cerebral peduncles

122
Q

NAME TWO OF THE THREE MAJOR REGIONS OF THE BRAIN STEM

A

midbrain, pons

123
Q

______________ ARE THE SYNAPSE POINTS OF CRANIAL NERVE I

A

olefactory bulb

124
Q

THE _______________ IS SOMETIMES CONSIDERED THE MOST SUPERIOR PART OF
THE BRAIN STEM

A

diencephalon

125
Q

THE DEEPER __________________, OF THE CEREBRUM, IS COMPOSED OF FIBER
TRACTS CARRYING IMPULSES TO OR FROM THE CORTEX

A

cerebral white matter

126
Q

THE CELL BODIES OF THE CEREBRAL NEURONS INVOLVED IN HIGHER BRAIN
FUNCTIONS (LANGUAGE, ABSTRACT THOUGHT….) ARE FOUND IN THE
OUTERMOST GRAY MATTER OF THE CEREBRUM, THE __________________

A

cerebral cortex

127
Q

IMPULSES FROM THE OLFACTORY SENSE ORGANS ARE INTERPRETED IN AN
AREA DEEP WITHIN THE TEMPORAL LOBE ALONG IT’S MEDIAL SURFACE CALLED
THE _____________

A

uncus

128
Q

THE _________________ , OF THE BRAIN, ALLOWS YOU TO BECOME AWARE OF
PAIN, COLDNESS, A LIGHT TOUCH, AND THE LIKE

A

somatosensory association area

129
Q

A FIFTH LOBE OF EACH CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, THE ____________, IS BURIED
DEEP WITHIN THE LATERAL SULCUS, AND IS COVERED BY PORTIONS OF THE
TEMPORAL, PARIETAL, AND FRONTAL LOBES

A

insula

130
Q

THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE BRAIN IS THROWN INTO ELEVATED RIDGES OF
TISSUE CALLED GYRI THAT ARE SEPARATED BY SHALLOW GROOVES CALLED
SULCI OR DEEPER GROOVES CALLED______________

A

fissure

131
Q

THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE BRAIN IS THROWN INTO ELEVATED RIDGES OF
TISSUE CALLED GYRI THAT ARE SEPERATED BY SHALLOW GROOVES CALLED
__________ OR DEEPER GROOVES CALLED FISSURES

A

sulcus

132
Q

THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE BRAIN IS THROWN INTO ELEVATED RIDGES OF
TISSUE CALLED_____________ THAT ARE SEPERATED BY SHALLOW GROOVES
CALLED SULCI OR DEEPER GROOVES CALLED FISSURES

A

gyri

133
Q

_______________ ARE THE MOST SUPERIOR PORTIONS OF THE BRAIN

A

cerebral hemisphere

134
Q

In the central nervous system, a collection of neuron cell bodies is called a

A

Nucleus

135
Q

THE FIBER TRACTS FOUND IN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE WHITE MATTER ARE
CALLED _____________ IF THEY CONNECT TWO PORTIONS OF THE SAME
HEMISPHERE

A

association tract

136
Q

THE FIBER TRACTS FOUND IN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE WHITE MATTER ARE
CALLED ________________ IF THEY RUN BETWEEN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND
LOWER BRAIN STRUCTURES OR SPINAL CORD

A

projection tract

137
Q

NAME ONE OF THE STRUCTURES FOUND IN THE EPITHALAMUS

A

choroid plexus

138
Q

THE __________ FORMS THE ROOF OF THE THIRD VENTRICLE AND IS THE MOST
DORSAL PORTION OF THE DIENCEPHALON

A

epithalamus

139
Q

NAME THE THREE LOBES OF THE CEREBELLUM

A

anterior lobe
posterior lobe
flocculondular lobe

140
Q

NAME THE THREE MENINGES OF THE BRAIN

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

141
Q

NAME THE TWO LAYERS OF THE DURA MATTER

A

periosteal layer

meningeal layer

142
Q

THE _____________, OF THE DURA MATER, IS ATTACHED TO THE INNER SURFACE
OF THE SKULL FORMING THE PERIOSTEUM

A

periosteal layer

143
Q

THE _____________, OF THE DURA MATER, FORMS THE OUTERMOST BRAIN
COVERING AND IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE DURA MATER OF THE SPINAL CORD

A

meningeal layer

144
Q

WHICH EXTENSION OF THE DURA MATER DIPS INTO THE LONGITUDINAL FISSURE
TO ATTACH TO THE CRISTA GALI OF THE ETHMOID BONE OF THE SKULL

A

falx cerebri

145
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS?

A

collect blood draining from tissue

146
Q

THE _____________, WHICH FUNCTIONS IN SEPARATING THE TWO CEREBELLAR
HEMISPHERES, AND THE TENTORIUM CEREBELLI, WHICH FUNCTIONS IN
SEPARATING THE CEREBRUM FROM THE CEREBELLUM, ARE TWO IMPORTANT
INWARD FOLDS OF THE INNER DURAL MEMBRANE

A

falx cerbelli

147
Q

THE FALX CEREBELLI, WHICH FUNCTIONS IN SEPARATING THE TWO
CEREBELLAR HEMISPHERES, AND THE ____________, WHICH FUNCTIONS IN
SEPARATING THE CEREBRUM FROM THE CEREBELLUM, ARE TWO IMPORTANT
INWARD FOLDS OF THE INNER DURAL MEMBRANE

A

tentorium cerebelli

148
Q

HOW MANY CRANIAL NERVES ARE FOUND IN HUMANS?

A

12

149
Q

HOW MANY CRANIAL NERVES ARE SOLELY (MOSTLY) SENSORY?

A

three (1,2,8)

150
Q

HOW MANY CRANIAL NERVES ARE MIXED NERVES?

A

six (5,7,9,10,11,12)

151
Q

NAME THE THREE SOLEY (MOSTLY) SENSORY CRANIAL NERVES

A 
CN 1 (olfactory)
CN 2 (optic)
CN 8 (vestibulocochlear)
152
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE OLFACTORY NERVES CRANIAL NERVE I?

A

carries afferent impulses associated with smell

153
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE OPTIC NERVES CRANIAL NERVE II?

A

carries afferent impules associated with vision

154
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE OCULMOTOR NERVES CRANIAL NERVE III?

A

CONTROLS MOVEMENT OF THE EYEBALLS AND EYELID

155
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TROCHLEAR NERVES CRANIAL NERVE IV?

A

controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye

156
Q

GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVES CRANIAL NERVES V?

A

provides conduct sensory impulses from skin of the face

157
Q

GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE ABDUCENS NERVE CRANIAL NERVES VI?

A

abducts eyeball

158
Q

GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE FACIAL NERVES CRANIAL NERVES VII?

A

conduct impulses related to facial expressions

159
Q

GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVES CRANIAL NERVE
VIII?

A

sense of equilibrium

160
Q

GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE GLOSSOPHARYNGAEL NERVES CRANIAL NERVE IX?

A

receive sensory fibers from the pharynx

161
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE VAGUS NERVES CRANIAL NERVE X?

A

transmit impulses from visceral

162
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ACCESSORY NERVES CRANIAL NERVE XI?

A

PROVIDES SOMATIC MOTOR FIBERS TO STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

163
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVES CRANIAL NERVE XII?

A

CARRIES SOMATIC MOTOR FIBERS TO MUSCLE OF TONGUE

164
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE DENTICULATE LIGAMENTS OF THE PIA MATER
(IN TERMS OF THE SPINAL CORD

A

secures the spinal cord to the bony wall of the vertebral column

165
Q

SEVERING OF THE SCIATIC NERVE LEADS TO WHAT DISORDER?

A

foot drop which leg cannot be flexed

166
Q

IN WHAT PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS or PNS) ARE SENSORY NERVE
CELL BODIES FOUND?

A

PNS

167
Q

IN WHAT PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS or PNS) ARE MOTOR NERVE CELL
BODIES FOUND?

A

CNS

168
Q

_____________ IS AN INFECTION OF NEURAL TISSUE OF THE BRAIN

A

ENCEPHALITIS

169
Q

___________________ IS PERMANENT FLACCID PARALYSIS OF ALL FOUR LIMBS
DUE TO TRANSECTION OR SEVERE TRAMA TO THE SPINAL CORD

A

quadraplegia

170
Q

NAME THE ORGANS THAT COMPRISE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

brain and spinal cord

171
Q

NAME ALL THE ORGANS / STRUCTURES THAT COMPRISE THE PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia and sensory receptors

172
Q

WHICH DIVISION OF THE MOTOR BRANCH OF THE PNS IS ALSO CALLED THE
VOLUNTARY SYSTEM?

A

somatic division

173
Q

WHICH DIVISION OF THE MOTOR BRANCH OF THE PNS IS ALSO CALLED THE
INVOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

autonomic nervous system

174
Q

NAME ONE OF THE 2 BRANCHES OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

sympathetic branch

parasympathetic branch

175
Q

NAME THE MAJOR MOTOR BRANCH / PERIPHERAL NERVE ARISING FROM THE
CERVICAL PLEXUS

A

phrenic nerve

176
Q

NAME TWO OF THE 5 MAJOR PERIPHERAL NERVES ARISING FROM THE BRACHIAL
PLEXUS

A

ulnar nerve

median nerve

177
Q

NAME THE LARGEST PERIPHERAL NERVE ARISING FROM THE LUMBAR PLEXUS

A

femoral nerve

178
Q

NAME THE MAJOR / LARGEST PERIPHERAL NERVE ARISING FROM THE SACRAL
PLEXUS

A

sciatic nerve

179
Q

WHAT IS THE LARGEST NERVE IN THE BODY?

A

sciatic nerve

180
Q

_______________ IS A STABBING PAIN RADIATING DOWN THE LENGTH / COURSE
OF THE SCIATIC NERVE, CAUSED BY INJURY TO THE PROXIMAL PART OF THE
SCIATIC NERVE

A

sciatica

181
Q

GIVE THE SPECIFIC AREA THAT SENSORY NEURON CELL BODIES ARE FOUND

A

dorsal root ganglia

182
Q

A LESS EFFICIENT SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, ESPECIALLY IN TERMS OF
VASOCONSTRICTION OF BLOOD VESSELS, LEADS TO A POOLING OF BLOOD IN
THE ELDERLY (LOW BLOOD PRESSURE DUE TO CHANGES IN BODY POSITION)
CALLED

A

orthostatic hypotension

183
Q

NAME THE MOST DISTAL PORTION / TERMINUS OF THE SPINAL CORD

A

cornus medullaris

184
Q

THE MOST DISTAL PORTION / TERMINUS OF THE PIA MATER OF THE SPINAL CORD
IS CALLED THE ___________

A

filum terminale

185
Q

____________ IS CAUDAL ANESTHESIA FOR CHILDBIRTH

A

saddle block

186
Q

WHAT IS THE CAUDA EQUINA COMPRISED OF?

A

lumbar spinal cord

187
Q

______________ IS THE REMOVAL OF CSF FOR THE PURPOSE OF ANALYSIS

A

spinal tap

188
Q

THE _______________ IS AN ASSOCIATION AND COMMUNICATION CENTER.

A

spinal cord

189
Q

BELOW WHICH VERTEBRAE IS A LUMBAR / SPINAL TAP PERFORMED? WHY?

A

below L3 because only fluid filled meninges are present and not the delicate spinal cord

190
Q

BETWEEN WHICH VERTEBRAE IS SADDLE BLOCK PERFORMED? WHY?

A

between L3-L5 because only fluid filled meninges are present and not the delicate spinal cord

191
Q

NAME THE TWO ENLARGEMENTS OF THE SPINAL CORD THAT SERVE THE UPPER
AND LOWER LIMBS

A

cervical enlargement

lumbar enlargement

192
Q

WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL TERM FOR THE “HORSE’S TAIL” OF INFERIOR SPINAL
NERVES

A

cauda equina

193
Q

THE CENTRAL AREA OF THE GRAY MATTER CONNECTING THE TWO VERTICAL
REGIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD IS THE _______________

A

gray commissure

194
Q

WHAT FLUID DOES THE CENTRAL CANAL HOLD?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

195
Q

THE ___________ MAINLY CONTAIN CELL BODIES OF MOTOR NEURONS OF THE
SOMATIC / VOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

ventral horns

196
Q

THE ___________ MAINLY CONTAIN CELL BODIES OF MOTOR NEURONS OF THE
AUTONOMIC (SYMPATHETIC DIVISION) NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

lateral horns

197
Q

THE ___________ CONTAIN INTERNEURONS AND SENSORY FIBERS THAT ENTER
THE CORD FROM THE BODY PERIPHERY DORSAL ROOT

A

dorsal horns

198
Q

THE DORSAL HORNS CONTAIN INTERNEURONS AND SENSORY FIBERS THAT
ENTER THE CORD FROM THE BODY PERIPHERY VIA THE _____________

A

Dorsal root

199
Q

THE CELL BODIES OF THE SENSORY NEURONS ARE FOUND IN AN ENLARGED
AREA OF THE DORSAL ROOT CALLED THE _______________

A

dorsal root ganglion

200
Q

AXONS OF MOTOR NEURONS OF THE SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC (SYMPATHETIC
DIVISION) NERVOUS SYSTEM SEND FIBERS VIA THE _____________ TO ENTER
ADJACENT SPINAL NERVES

A

ventral root

201
Q

THE _____________ ARE FORMED FROM THE FUSION OF OF THE DORSAL AND
VENTRAL ROOTS

A

spinal nerve

202
Q

THE _________________ OF THE SPINAL CORD IS COMPOSED OF MYELINATED
FIBERS, SOME RUNNING TO HIGHER CENTERS, SOME TRAVELING FROM THE
BRAIN TO THE CORD, AND SOME CONDUCTING IMPULSES FROM ONE SIDE OF
THE CORD TO THE OTHER

A

white matter

203
Q

NAME THE ANTERIOR FISSURE THAT NEARLY BISECTS THE SPINAL CORD WHITE
MATTER

A

anterior median fissure

204
Q

NAME THE POSTERIOR GROOVE THAT NEARLY BISECTS THE SPINAL CORD
WHITE MATTER

A

posterior median sulcus

205
Q

NAME ONE OF THE PRIMARY REGIONS OF WHITE COLUMNS

A

anterior funiculus

206
Q

EACH FUNICULUS OF THE SPINAL CORD, CONTAINS A NUMBER OF FIBER
_______________ COMPOSED OF AXONS WITH THE SAME ORIGIN, TERMINUS, AND
FUNCTION

A

tract

207
Q

TRACTS CONDUCTING SENSORY IMPULSES TO THE BRAIN ARE CALLED

________________

A

sensory tracts

208
Q

TRACTS CONDUCTING IMPULSES FROM THE BRAIN TO THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
ARE CALLED _____________

A

motor tracts

209
Q

THE _________ SERVE THE SKIN AND MUSCULATURE OF THE POSTERIOR TRUNK
AT THEIR APPPROXIMATE LEVEL OF EMERGENCE FROM THE SPINAL CORD

A

dorsal rami

210
Q

THE ______________ OF SPINAL NERVES C1-C8 AND T1, T12 AND L1-L4, AND S1-4
FORM COMPLEX NTEWORKS OF NERVES CALLED PLEXUSES

A

ventral rami

211
Q

HOW LONG ARE SPINAL NERVES?

A

1-2 cm

212
Q

THE VENTRAL RAMI OF THE SPINAL NERVES T2 THROUGH T12 PASS ANTERIORLY
AS THE ________________ TO SUPPLY THE MUSCLES OF THE INTERCOSTAL
SPACES, AND THE SKIN AND MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR AND LATERAL TRUNK

A

intercostal nerves

213
Q

THE VENTRAL RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1-C8 AND T1, T12 AND L1-L4, AND S1-4
7 of 9
SPINAL CORD
, ,
FORM COMPLEX NTEWORKS OF NERVES CALLED ______________ .

A

plexus

214
Q

WHAT DO THE NERVE PLEXUSES SERVE?

A

muscles and skin of limbs

215
Q

VENTRAL AND DORSAL ROOTS BECOME SPINAL NERVES, SOME OF THESE UNITE
AS PLEXUSES, THAT GIVE RISE TO _______________

A

peripheral nerves

216
Q

NAME ONE OF THE FOUR MAJOR NERVE PLEXUSES

A

cervical plexus

217
Q

THE CERVICAL PLEXUS ARISES FROM THE VENTRAL RAMI OF WHICH SPINAL
NERVES?

A

C1-C5

218
Q

WHAT MUSCLES AND / OR SKIN DOES THE CERVICAL PLEXUS SERVE?

A

neck

219
Q

THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS IS REARRANGED CONSECUTIVELY INTO _____________ ,
DIVISIONS, AND CORDS, BEFORE SUBDIVIDING INTO FIVE MAJOR PERIPHERAL
NERVES

A

trunks

220
Q

THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS IS REARRANGED CONSECUTIVELY INTO TRUNKS,
____________, AND CORDS, BEFORE SUBDIVIDING INTO FIVE MAJOR PERIPHERAL
NERVES

A

divisions

221
Q

THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS IS REARRANGED CONSECUTIVELY INTO TRUNKS,
DIVISIONS, AND _____________, BEFORE SUBDIVIDING INTO FIVE MAJOR
PERIPHERAL NERVES

A

cords

222
Q

THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS IS REARRANGED CONSECUTIVELY INTO TRUNKS ,
DIVISIONS, AND CORDS, BEFORE SUBDIVIDING INTO FIVE MAJOR ______________

A

peripheral nerves

223
Q

WHAT MUSCLE DOES THE PHRENIC NERVE SERVE?

A

diaphragm

224
Q

THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS ARISES FROM THE VENTRAL RAMI OF WHICH SPINAL
NERVES?

A

C5-T1

225
Q

WHAT MUSCLES AND / OR SKIN DOES THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS SERVE?

A

forearm

226
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
AXILLARY NERVE?

A

shoulder

227
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
RADIAL NERVE

A

extensor muscles of forearm

228
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
MEDIAN NERVE?

A

flexor muscles of forearm

229
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE?

A

flexor muscles of forearm

230
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
ULNAR NERVE?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

231
Q

TRAUMA TO THE ULNAR NERVE, WHICH OFTEN OCCURS WHEN THE ELBOW IS
HIT, PRODUCES A SMARTING SENSATION REFERRED TO AS “ HITTING THE
_____________”

A

funny bone

232
Q

WHAT WILL SEVERE INJURY TO THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS CAUSE?

A

paralysis of entire upper limb

233
Q

THE ________________, WHICH SERVES THE PELVIC REGION OF THE TRUNK AND
THE LOWER LIMBS, IS A COMPLEX OF TWO PLEXUSES

A

lumbosacral plexus

234
Q

THE LUMBAR PLEXUS ARISES FROM THE VENTRAL RAMI OF WHICH SPINAL
NERVES?

A

L1-L4 spinal nerves

235
Q

WHAT MUSCLES AND / OR SKIN DOES THE LUMBAR PLEXUS SERVE?

A

anterior thigh

236
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
FEMORAL NERVE?

A

anterior muscles of the thigh

237
Q

THE SACRAL PLEXUS ARISES FROM THE VENTRAL RAMI OF WHICH SPINAL
NERVES?

A

L4-L5

238
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES/ AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
SCIATIC NERVE?

A

posterior muscles of the thigh

239
Q

WHAT MUSCLES AND / OR SKIN DOES THE SACRAL PLEXUS SERVE?

A

buttocks

240
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
COMMON FIBULAR AND THE TIBIAL NERVES?

A

leg muscles

241
Q

THE ______________ SYSTEM REGULATES BODY ACTIVITIES THAT ARE

GENERALLY NOT UNDER CONSCIOUS CONTROL

A

autonomic nervous system

242
Q

THE ______________ SYSTEM INNERVATES THE SKELETAL MUSCLES

A

somatic nervous system

243
Q

THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONSISTS OF CHAINS OF TWO MOTOR
NEURONS, THE FIRST NEURON OF EACH PAIR IS CALLED THE
____________________

A

preganglionic neuron

244
Q

WHERE DOES THE PREGANGLIONIC NEURON RESIDE?

A

brainstem

245
Q

THE AXON OF THE PREGANGLIONIC NEURON LEAVES THE CNS TO SYNAPSE
WITH THE SECOND MOTOR NEURON OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM,
THE __________________

A

post-ganglionic neuron

246
Q

THE AXON OF THE PREGANGLIONIC NEURON LEAVES THE CNS TO SYNAPSE
WITH THE SECOND MOTOR NEURON OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM,
THE __________________

A

ganglion outside the CNS

247
Q

GIVE ONE AREA THAT THE PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS OF THE

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RESIDE

A

s2-s4

248
Q

THE AXON OF THE _____________ OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM,
EXTENDS TO THE ORGAN IT SERVES

A

postganglion neuron

249
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER DESCRIPTIVE NAME FOR THE PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

craniosacral

250
Q

WHERE ARE THE GANGLIONIC NEURONS OF THE CRANIAL REGION

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM FOUND

A

terminal

251
Q

WHERE ARE THE GANGLIONIC NEURONS OF THE SACRAL REGION

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM FOUND

A

on or close to organ served

252
Q

IN THE SACRAL REGION, THE PREGANGLIONIC AXONS LEAVE THE VENTRAL
ROOT OF THE SPINAL CORD AND COLLECTIVELY FORM THE __________________

A

pelvic splanchnic nerve

253
Q

GIVE ONE AREA THAT THE PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS OF THE SYMPATHETIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM RESIDE

A

lateral horns of gray matter in T1-L2

254
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER DESCRIPTIVE NAME FOR THE SYMPATHETIC DIVISION OF
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

thoracolumbar

255
Q

PREGANGLIONIC NEURON AXONS LEAVE THE SPINAL CORD VIA THE VENTRAL
ROOT, ENTER THE SPINAL NERVE THEN PASS THROUGH A SMALL BRANCH
CALLED THE _____________________ TO ENTER THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK
GANGLION

A

white ramus communicans

256
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK GANGLION?

A

paravertebral ganglia

257
Q

PREGANGLIONIC NEURON AXONS LEAVE THE SPINAL CORD VIA THE VENTRAL
ROOT, ENTER THE SPINAL NERVE THEN PASS THROUGH A SMALL BRANCH
CALLED THE WHITE RAMUS COMMUNICANS TO ENTER THE _________________

A

sympathetic trunk ganglion

258
Q

AFTER EXITING THE WHITE RAMUS COMMUNUICANS THE PREGANGLIONIC AXON
HAS TWO COURSES THAT IT MAY TAKE, BOTH OF WHICH WILL THEN SEND THE
AXON THROUGH THE ________________________

A

gray ramus communicans

259
Q

A THIRD COURSE FOR THE PREGANGLIONIC AXON DOES NOT TAKE IT THROUGH
THE GRAY RAMUS COMMUNICANS, IT MAY PASS THROUGH THE GANGLION
WITHOUT SYNAPSING AND FORM PART OF THE ______________

A

splanchnic nerve

260
Q

SPLANCHNIC NERVES, TRAVEL TO THE VISCERA TO SYNAPSE WITH A
GANGLIONIC NEURON IN A _____________ OR ______________ GANGLION (GIVE
EITHER)

A

collateral

261
Q

NAME ONE OF THE MAJOR COLLATERAL GANGLIA

A

celiac ganglia

262
Q

WHAT DO THE MAJOR COLLATERAL GANGLIA SERVE?

A

abdominal and pelvic visceral organs

263
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES ARE ONLY SERVED BY THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS

SYSTEM AND NOT THE PARASYMPATHETIC?

A

sweat glands

264
Q

THE POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS/ AXONS OF THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM ARE CALLED

A

cholinergic fiber

265
Q

WHAT NEUROTRANSMITTER DO THE POSTGANGLIONIC AXONS OF THE

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RELEASE?

A

norepinephrine

266
Q

WHICH DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS REFERRED TO AS
HOUSEKEEPING OR RESTING AND DIGESTING

A

parasympathetic

267
Q

WHICH DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS REFERRED TO AS
HAVING THE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE

A

sympathetic

LAB EXAMS 4 NERVOUS SYSTEM (2 decks)

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