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LAB EXAMS 3 MUSCLES > QUIZ QUESTIONS > Flashcards

QUIZ QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO COARSE SHEETS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED
__________ THAT BIND MUSCLES INTO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

A

DEEP FASCIA

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2
Q

GIVE THE FUNCTION OF SYNERGISTS

A

AID THE ACTION OF AGONISTS

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3
Q

NAME TWO CRITERIA (WAYS) USED TO CLASSIFY / NAME MUSCLES

A

DIRECTION OF MUSCLE FIBERS/RELATIVE SIZE OF MUSCLE/ LOCATION OF MUSCLE/ NUMBER OF ORIGINS/ LOCATION OF MUSCLE’S ORIGIN & INSERTION/ SHAPE OF MUSCLE/ACTION OF MUSCLE

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4
Q

NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY

THEIR NUMBER OF ORIGINS

A

BICEPS/ TRICEPS

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5
Q

NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY

THEIR RELATIVE SIZE

A

Maximus/ largest/ minims/ longs/ long/ short/ brevis

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6
Q

NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY THE
DIRECTION OF THEIR MUSCLE FIBERS

A

Rectus/ Transverse/ Oblique

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7
Q

EACH MOTOR NEURON AXON BREAKS UP INTO MANY BRANCHES CALLED

A

Axon Terminals

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8
Q

THE JUNCTION BETWEEN AN AXON AND A MUSCLE CELL IS CALLED

A

Neuromuscular/ Myoneural Junction

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9
Q

THE BULK OF THE BODY’S MUSCLE IS COMPOSED OF WHICH MUSCLE TYPE?

A

Skeletal

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10
Q

THE FLUID-FILLED GAP SEPARATING NEURONAL AND MUSCLE FIBER

MEMBRANES IS CALLED______

A

Synaptic Cleft

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11
Q

EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO STRONG CORD-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED ___________

A

Tendons

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12
Q

EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO STRONG FLAT/ SHEET-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED
___________

A

Aponeuroses

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13
Q

GIVE THE TWO OTHER NAMES BY WHICH SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE KNOWN (
HINT: CONTROL/ APPEARANCE)

A

Voluntary muscles and striated muscle

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14
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE IS COMPOSED OF RELATIVELY LARGE, LONG

CYLINDRICAL CELLS, SOMETIMES CALLED _________________

A

Fibers

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15
Q

GIVE THE RANGE OF MUSCLE FIBER DIAMETER

A

10-100 μm

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16
Q

GIVE THE RANGE OF MUSCLE FIBER LENGTH

A

From as large as 6cm to 25cm

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17
Q

MUSCLE CELLS ARE BUNDLES OF ___________________

A

Myofibrils

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18
Q

MYOFIBRILS ARE MADE UP OF EVEN SMALLER THREAD-LIKE STRUCTURES
CALLED ______________

A

Myofilaments

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19
Q

WHAT CHANNEL IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE SARCOLEMMA AND
PROPOOGATES THE ACTION POTENTIAL CLOSE TO THE SARCOPLAMIC
RETICULUM?

A

Transverse Tubule

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20
Q

A LARGE NUMBER OF FASCICLES ARE BOUND TOGETHER BY A COARSE
“OVERCOAT” OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED THE ______________,
WHICH SHEATHS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE.

A

Epimysium

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21
Q

GIVE THE FUNCTION OF AGONISTS

A

producing a particular movement

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22
Q

GIVE THE FUNCTION OF AN ANTAGONIST

A

oppose / reverse a movement

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23
Q

GIVE THE FUNCTION OF FIXATORS

A

immobilize the origin of a prime mover

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24
Q

WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF AGING ON MUSCLES, WHAT HAPPENS TO THEM

A

they become Sinewy/ Stringier

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25
Q

THE TRANSVERSE TUBULE AND THE TWO TERMINAL CISTERNAE ON EITHER
SIDE FORM A REGION CALLED A _______________

A

Triad

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26
Q

A MUSCLE’S FIXED (IMMOVABLE) SITE OF ATTACHMENT IS CALLED ITS
______________________

A

Origin

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27
Q

SEVERAL SHEATHED MUSCLE FIBERS ARE WRAPPED TOGETHER BY A

COLLAGENIC MEMBRANE CALLED?

A

Perimysium

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28
Q

____________ ARE THE ACTUAL CONTRACTILE UNITS OF A MUSCLE

A

Sarcomeres

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29
Q

THE _______________ IS THE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYER

SURROUNDING EACH INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE FIBER

A

Endomysium

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30
Q

A BUNDLE OF SEVERAL SHEATHED MUSCLE FIBERS, WRAPPED TOGETHER BY
A COLLAGENIC MEMBRANE, ARE CALLED A _________________________

A

Fascicle

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31
Q

A MUSCLE’S MORE MOVABLE SITE OF ATTACHMENT IS CALLED ITS

______________________

A

Insertion

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32
Q

A NEURON AND ALL THE MUSCLE CELLS IT STIMULATES MAKE UP THE

FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE CALLED A ________________________

A

Motor Unit

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33
Q

WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL NAME FOR THE THIN FILAMENTS OF THE

MYOFIBRILS?

A

Actin

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34
Q

WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL NAME FOR THE THICK FILAMENTS OF THE

MYOFIBRILS?

A

Myosin

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35
Q

WHAT PART OF THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM IS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
WITH THE TRANSVERSE TUBULE?

A

Terminal Cisternae

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36
Q

FOR WHAT IS THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM A REPOSITORY?

A

Calcium

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37
Q

HOW MANY THIN FILAMENTS SURROUND EVERY THICK FILAMENT IN EACH
MYOFIBRIL?

A

6 thin filaments

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38
Q

HOW MANY THICK FILAMENTS SURROUND EVERY THIN FILAMENT IN EACH
MYOFIBRIL?

A

3 thick filaments

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39
Q

MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES INSERT AT THE _______________ OR THE

_______________ (GIVE EITHER)

A

Linea alba/ pubic crest

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40
Q

MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT ________________
OR ______________ THE TRUNK (GIVE EITHER)

A
  • flexes & rotates vertebral column
  • compress abdominal wall or contents
  • aids muscles of the back to rotate
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41
Q

MOST DEEP THORAX MUSCLES HAVE ORIGINS ON THE_______

A

inferior and superior border of rib

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42
Q

MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT MOVES THE
________________ OR AIDS IN ___________ OR ________________ OF AIR INTO
OR OUT THE LUNGS

A
  • VERTEBRAL COLUMN
  • MUSCLES OF THE BACK IN TRUNK ROTATION & LATERAL FLEXION
  • MOVEMENT
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43
Q

MOST POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK PRODUCE ACTIONS THAT MOVE
THE _________________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)

A

HUMERUS OR SCAPULA

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44
Q

MOST DEEP FACIAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT MOVES SOME

PART OF THE ____________

A

MANDIBLE

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45
Q

MOST SUPERFICIAL FACIAL MUSCLES INSERT IN SOME PART OF THE

____________

A

SKIN

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46
Q

MOST DEEP FACIAL MUSCLES INSERT IN SOME PART OF THE______

A

MANDIBLE

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47
Q

MOST ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK HAVE INSERTIONS IN A PART OF THE
______________

A

HYOID BONE

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48
Q

MOST ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK HAVE ACTIONS THAT INVOLVE

MOVEMENT OF THE ____________

A

HYOID BONE

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49
Q

MOST POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK HAVE INSERTIONS ON SOME PART
OF THE _________________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)

A

HUMERUS OR SCAPULA

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50
Q

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE HUMERUS/ UPPER ARM HAVE INSERTIONS IN
SOME PART THE ______________ OR THE ___________

A

ULNA/RADIUS

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51
Q

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER ARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART
THE ______________

A

HUMERUS

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52
Q

THE ACTION OF MOST SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM MUSCLES IS ____________

A

WRIST FLEXION

53
Q

WHAT IS THE ACTION OF MOST MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER ARM

COMPARTMENT?

A

FOREARM FLEXION

54
Q

WHAT IS THE ACTION OF THE MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR UPPER ARM

COMPARTMENT?

A

FOREARM FLEXION

55
Q

THE ACTION OF MOST DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/

FOREARM MUSCLES IS _________________ OR _____________ (GIVE EITHER)

A

THUMB/FINGER FLEXION

56
Q

THE ACTION OF MOST DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/

FOREARM MUSCLES IS _________________

A

THUMB EXTENSION

57
Q

THE ACTION OF MOST SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM MUSCLES IS____________ OR _________________
(GIVE ANY ONE)

A

WRIST EXTENSION; WRIST ADDUCTION

58
Q

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE
______________ OR ____________ (GIVE EITHER)

A

HUMERUS ; ULNA

59
Q

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE
______________ OR ____________ (GIVE EITHER)

A

ULNA; INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE

60
Q

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE
______________ OR ____________OR ______________ (GIVE ANY ONE)

A

ULNA OR RADIUS OR INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE

61
Q

THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF
THE LOWER LEG IS ______________

A

PLANTAR FLEXION OF FOOT

62
Q

THE ACTIONS OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF
THE LOWER LEG IS ______________ OR ________________ (GIVE EITHER)

A

PLANTAR FLEXION OF FOOT OR EVERSION OF FOOT

63
Q

ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG
HAVE ORIGINS IN SOME PART OF THE ________________

A

FIBULA

64
Q

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGIN IN SOME PART OF THE
______________

A

HUMERUS

65
Q

THE ACTION OF MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER MEDIAL LEG
COMPARTMENT IS ____________________ OR _____________________ OR
__________________ (GIVE ANY ONE)

A

THIGH ADDUCTION;

FLEXION OF THIGH;

ROTATION OF THE THIGH

66
Q

THE ACTION OF MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER LEG

COMPARTMENT IS ______________

A

KNEE EXTENSION

67
Q

MOST MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE

INSERTIONS AT THE _____________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)

A

TIBIAL TUBEROSITY; PATELLA

68
Q

THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES IS ______________

A

ABDUCTION OF THIGH

69
Q

ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES HAVE INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF THE
____________

A

FEMUR

70
Q

MOST OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LEG HAVE
ORIGINS ON SOME PART OF THE ______________ OR THE _____________

A

FEMUR, PELVIS

71
Q

ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES HAVE ORIGINS AT SOME PART OF THE

______________

A

ILLIUM

72
Q

THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE
UPPER LEG IS ______________

A

THIGH EXTENSION

73
Q

ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LEG HAVE
ORIGINS AT THE ______________

A

ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

74
Q

ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG HAVE
INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF THE ______________

A

CALCANEOUS

75
Q

ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG
HAVE AN INSERTION AT ONE OF THE ______________

A

METATARSALS

76
Q

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR LOWER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE
ORIGINS AT SOME PART OF THE _______________ OR ________________ (GIVE
EITHER)

A

TIBIA; FIBULA

77
Q

THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF
THE LOWER LEG IS ______________

A

DORSIFLEXION OF FOOT

78
Q

ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR LOWER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE
INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF A _______________ OR A _____________ (GIVE
EITHER)

A

CALCANEOUS

79
Q

WHEN _____________ MUSCLE CONTRACTS BLOOD CIRCULATES, DELIVERING
NUTRIENTS TO CELLS AND REMOVING CELL WASTE

A

cardiac

80
Q

___________________ IS A RECORDING OF THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF
MUSCLES.

A

Electromyogram

81
Q

______________ IS AN EMG WHERE A NEEDLE ELECTRODE IS INSERTED
THROUGH THE SKIN INTO THE MUSCLE WHOSE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IS TO
BE MEASURED.

A

INTRAMUSCULAR EMG

82
Q

______________ IS AN EMG WHERE THE ELECTRODES ARE PLACED ON THE
SKIN OVERLYING THE MUSCLE

A

SURFACE EMG

83
Q

_________________ MEANS CHANGING THE STRENGTH OF MUSCLE
CONTRACTION OR THE EXTENT OF SHORTENING IN PROPORTION TO THE
LOAD PLACED ON THE MUSCLE BY WAY OF MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT

A

GRADING

84
Q

______________ IS A CONSTANT STATE OF SLIGHT TENSION THAT SERVES TO
MAINTAIN THE MUSCLE IN A STATE OF READINESS

A

TONUS

85
Q

THE MUSCLE FORCE GENERATED BY MUSCLE ACTIVITY IS EXPRESSED IN
________ (UNITS).

A

KILOGRAM (kg)

86
Q

DEFINE MECHANICAL WORK PERFORMED BY SKELETAL MUSCLE

A

Muscle contract to move parts of the body

87
Q

THE STRENGTH OF THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT GENERATED BY MUSCLE

ACTIVITY IS EXPRESSED IN ________ (UNITS)

A

MILLIVOLTS

88
Q

CONTRACTION OF __________MUSCLE MOVES ONE PART OF THE BODY WITH
RESPECT TO ANOTHER PART

A

SKELETAL

89
Q

CONTRACTION OF __________ MUSCLE (TYPE), CHANGES THE INTERNAL
DIAMETER OF HOLLOW ORGANS

A

SMOOTH

90
Q

___________
IS THE NAME OF THE TYPE OF EMG WHERE THE ELECTRODES
ARE PLACED ON THE SKIN OVERLYING THE MUSCLE

A

SURFACE electromyography

91
Q

SUSTAINED FUSION OF INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE TWITCHES IS KNOWN AS

____________.

A

TETANUS

92
Q

_________________ IS THE COMBINATION OF A SINGLE MOTOR NEURON AND
ALL OF THE MUSCLE FIBERS IT CONTROLS

A

MOTOR UNIT

93
Q

THE DETECTION, AMPLIFICATION, AND RECORDING OF CHANGES IN SKIN
VOLTAGE PRODUCED BY UNDERLYING SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION

A

ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

94
Q

THE SEQUENTIAL ACTIVATION OF MOTOR UNITS TO PERFORM A DESIGNATED
TASK IS KNOWN AS ______________________

A

MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT

95
Q

WHEN DOES FATIGUE OCCUR?

A

ATP depletion

96
Q

A DECREASE IN THE MUSCLE’S ABILITY TO GENERATE FORCE DUE TO A
DEPLETION OF ATP, A BUILD UP OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE OR POTASSIUM
CAUSING A BLOCKAGE OF CALCIUM RELEASE FROM S.R.OR OXYGEN DEBT IN
MUSCLE IS CALLED?

A

FATIGUE

97
Q

DESCRIBE ONE WAY OF CONTROLLING THE DEGREE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
CONTRACTION?

A

Activating a desired number of motor units within the muscle

98
Q

______________ IS THE MEASUREMENT OF POWER.

A

Dynamometry

99
Q

____________ IS THE AMOUNT OF WORK DONE PER UNIT OF TIME

A

POWER

100
Q

WHAT WAS THE HAND DYNAMOMETER / DYNAGRIP USED TO SHOW?

A

Force generated

101
Q

______________ IS A GRAPHIC RECORDING OBTAINED BY USING A

DYNAMOMETER

A

DYNAGRAM

102
Q

NAME THE INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE GRIP FORCE

A

DYNAGRIP

103
Q

INCREASED CONTRACTILE STRENGTH DUE TO AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER
OF MUSCLE CELLS STIMULATED IS CALLED?

A

MULTIPLE MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT

SUMMATION

104
Q

THE STAIRCASE EFFECT OF SLIGHT INCREASES IN CONTRACTILE STRENGTH
OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE TWITCHES DUE TO MORE CALCIUM AND HEAT AS
EACH ENSUING TWITCH OCCURS IS CALLED?

A

TREPPE

105
Q

THE PERIOD OF A MUSCLE TWITCH BETWEEN MUSCLE STIMULATION AND

CONTRACTION IS CALLED?

A

LATENT PERIOD

106
Q

FORCE GENERATED BY STRETCHING A MUSCLE AND DUE TO IT’S ELASTIC
PROPERTIES IS CALLED?

A

PASSIVE FORCE

107
Q

___________ STIMULATION CAUSES SKELETAL MUSCLE TO CONTRACT

A

ELECTRICAL

108
Q

THE SUM OF THE PASSIVE FORCE AND THE ACTIVE FORCE IS CALLED?

A

TOTAL FORCE

109
Q

WHAT IS A SINGLE MUSCLE CONTRACTION CALLED?

A

MUSCLE TWITCH

110
Q

DURING A TWITCH THE PHASE IN WHICH MUSCLE FIBERS SHORTEN IS

CALLED?

A

CONTRACTION PHASE

111
Q

DURING A TWITCH THE PHASE IN WHICH MUSCLE FIBERS RELAX AND

LENGTHEN IS CALLED?

A

RELAXATION PHASE

112
Q

__________ STIMULUS LEADS TO A CONTRACTILE RESPONSE

A

TRESHOLD

113
Q

A __________ STIMULUS LEADS TO A NONCONTRACTILE RESPONSE

A

SUB-TRESHOLD

114
Q

RESTORING OF THE RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL IS CALLED

A

RE-POLARIZATION

115
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT ENTERS THE

SYNAPTIC CLEFT FROM VESICLES IN THE AXON TERMINAL?

A

ACETYLOCHOLINE / ACh

116
Q

MUSCLE STIMULATION IN RAPID SUCCESSION OF THE SAME INTENSITY BUT
OF A GREATER FREQUENCY CAUSING GREATER RESPONSE (STRENGTH OF
CONTRACTION) IS CALLED

A

WAVE SUMMATION

117
Q

THE WEAKEST STIMULUS THAT WILL STIMULATE ALL THE MUSCLE CELLS OF
A MUSCLE IS CALLED_________STIMULUS

A

MAXIMAL

118
Q

WHAT IS THE WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED UNDER OXYGEN DEPLETED

(FATIGUED) MUSCLE CONDITIONS?

A

LACTIC ACID

119
Q

A CONSTANT STATE OF SLIGHT TENSION THAT MAINTAINS MUSCLE

READINESS IS CALLED?

A

TONUS

120
Q

WHAT ION IS STORED INSIDE THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A

CALCIUM

121
Q

WHAT IS THE ENERGY THAT IS USED TO DRIVE MUSCLE CONTRACTION

CALLED?

A

ATP

122
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL RESTING POTENTIAL/ POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE/

VOLTAGE OF A MUSCLE FIBER/ CELL

A

-60 TO -90 mV

123
Q

AN EVENT IN WHICH THE CELL BECOMES LESS NEGATIVELY CHARGED IS
CALLED?

A

depolarization

124
Q

A CONTRACTION IN WHICH MUSCLE LENGTH DOESN’T CHANGE, BUT FORCE
GENERATED CAN IS CALLED A___________ CONTRACTION?

A

ISOMETRIC

125
Q

STIMULATION AT SUCH A FREQUENCY THAT NO RELAXATION OCCURS, A

SUSTAINED CONTRACTION, IS CALLED?

A

TETANUS

126
Q

A CONTRACTION IN WHICH MUSCLE LENGTH CHANGES, BUT FORCE

GENERATED STAYS THE SAME IS CALLED A_________________ CONTRACTION?

A

ISOTONIC

127
Q

THE FORCE GENERATED BY THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTRACTION OF MUSCLE
IS CALLED?

A

ACTIVE FORCE

128
Q

THE PERIOD AFTER DEPOLARIZATION WHEN SODIUM GATES ARE STILL

OPENED AND STIMULUS WILL NOT CAUSE AN ACTION POTENTIAL IS CALLED?

A

absolute refractory period

LAB EXAMS 3 MUSCLES (3 decks)

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