QUIZ QUESTIONS Flashcards
EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO COARSE SHEETS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED
__________ THAT BIND MUSCLES INTO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
DEEP FASCIA
GIVE THE FUNCTION OF SYNERGISTS
AID THE ACTION OF AGONISTS
NAME TWO CRITERIA (WAYS) USED TO CLASSIFY / NAME MUSCLES
DIRECTION OF MUSCLE FIBERS/RELATIVE SIZE OF MUSCLE/ LOCATION OF MUSCLE/ NUMBER OF ORIGINS/ LOCATION OF MUSCLE’S ORIGIN & INSERTION/ SHAPE OF MUSCLE/ACTION OF MUSCLE
NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY
THEIR NUMBER OF ORIGINS
BICEPS/ TRICEPS
NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY
THEIR RELATIVE SIZE
Maximus/ largest/ minims/ longs/ long/ short/ brevis
NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY THE
DIRECTION OF THEIR MUSCLE FIBERS
Rectus/ Transverse/ Oblique
EACH MOTOR NEURON AXON BREAKS UP INTO MANY BRANCHES CALLED
Axon Terminals
THE JUNCTION BETWEEN AN AXON AND A MUSCLE CELL IS CALLED
Neuromuscular/ Myoneural Junction
THE BULK OF THE BODY’S MUSCLE IS COMPOSED OF WHICH MUSCLE TYPE?
Skeletal
THE FLUID-FILLED GAP SEPARATING NEURONAL AND MUSCLE FIBER
MEMBRANES IS CALLED______
Synaptic Cleft
EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO STRONG CORD-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED ___________
Tendons
EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO STRONG FLAT/ SHEET-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED
___________
Aponeuroses
GIVE THE TWO OTHER NAMES BY WHICH SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE KNOWN (
HINT: CONTROL/ APPEARANCE)
Voluntary muscles and striated muscle
SKELETAL MUSCLE IS COMPOSED OF RELATIVELY LARGE, LONG
CYLINDRICAL CELLS, SOMETIMES CALLED _________________
Fibers
GIVE THE RANGE OF MUSCLE FIBER DIAMETER
10-100 μm
GIVE THE RANGE OF MUSCLE FIBER LENGTH
From as large as 6cm to 25cm
MUSCLE CELLS ARE BUNDLES OF ___________________
Myofibrils
MYOFIBRILS ARE MADE UP OF EVEN SMALLER THREAD-LIKE STRUCTURES
CALLED ______________
Myofilaments
WHAT CHANNEL IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE SARCOLEMMA AND
PROPOOGATES THE ACTION POTENTIAL CLOSE TO THE SARCOPLAMIC
RETICULUM?
Transverse Tubule
A LARGE NUMBER OF FASCICLES ARE BOUND TOGETHER BY A COARSE
“OVERCOAT” OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED THE ______________,
WHICH SHEATHS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE.
Epimysium
GIVE THE FUNCTION OF AGONISTS
producing a particular movement
GIVE THE FUNCTION OF AN ANTAGONIST
oppose / reverse a movement
GIVE THE FUNCTION OF FIXATORS
immobilize the origin of a prime mover
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF AGING ON MUSCLES, WHAT HAPPENS TO THEM
they become Sinewy/ Stringier
THE TRANSVERSE TUBULE AND THE TWO TERMINAL CISTERNAE ON EITHER
SIDE FORM A REGION CALLED A _______________
Triad
A MUSCLE’S FIXED (IMMOVABLE) SITE OF ATTACHMENT IS CALLED ITS
______________________
Origin
SEVERAL SHEATHED MUSCLE FIBERS ARE WRAPPED TOGETHER BY A
COLLAGENIC MEMBRANE CALLED?
Perimysium
____________ ARE THE ACTUAL CONTRACTILE UNITS OF A MUSCLE
Sarcomeres
THE _______________ IS THE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYER
SURROUNDING EACH INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE FIBER
Endomysium
A BUNDLE OF SEVERAL SHEATHED MUSCLE FIBERS, WRAPPED TOGETHER BY
A COLLAGENIC MEMBRANE, ARE CALLED A _________________________
Fascicle
A MUSCLE’S MORE MOVABLE SITE OF ATTACHMENT IS CALLED ITS
______________________
Insertion
A NEURON AND ALL THE MUSCLE CELLS IT STIMULATES MAKE UP THE
FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE CALLED A ________________________
Motor Unit
WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL NAME FOR THE THIN FILAMENTS OF THE
MYOFIBRILS?
Actin
WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL NAME FOR THE THICK FILAMENTS OF THE
MYOFIBRILS?
Myosin
WHAT PART OF THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM IS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
WITH THE TRANSVERSE TUBULE?
Terminal Cisternae
FOR WHAT IS THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM A REPOSITORY?
Calcium
HOW MANY THIN FILAMENTS SURROUND EVERY THICK FILAMENT IN EACH
MYOFIBRIL?
6 thin filaments
HOW MANY THICK FILAMENTS SURROUND EVERY THIN FILAMENT IN EACH
MYOFIBRIL?
3 thick filaments
MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES INSERT AT THE _______________ OR THE
_______________ (GIVE EITHER)
Linea alba/ pubic crest
MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT ________________
OR ______________ THE TRUNK (GIVE EITHER)
- flexes & rotates vertebral column
- compress abdominal wall or contents
- aids muscles of the back to rotate
MOST DEEP THORAX MUSCLES HAVE ORIGINS ON THE_______
inferior and superior border of rib
MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT MOVES THE
________________ OR AIDS IN ___________ OR ________________ OF AIR INTO
OR OUT THE LUNGS
- VERTEBRAL COLUMN
- MUSCLES OF THE BACK IN TRUNK ROTATION & LATERAL FLEXION
- MOVEMENT
MOST POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK PRODUCE ACTIONS THAT MOVE
THE _________________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)
HUMERUS OR SCAPULA
MOST DEEP FACIAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT MOVES SOME
PART OF THE ____________
MANDIBLE
MOST SUPERFICIAL FACIAL MUSCLES INSERT IN SOME PART OF THE
____________
SKIN
MOST DEEP FACIAL MUSCLES INSERT IN SOME PART OF THE______
MANDIBLE
MOST ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK HAVE INSERTIONS IN A PART OF THE
______________
HYOID BONE
MOST ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK HAVE ACTIONS THAT INVOLVE
MOVEMENT OF THE ____________
HYOID BONE
MOST POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK HAVE INSERTIONS ON SOME PART
OF THE _________________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)
HUMERUS OR SCAPULA
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE HUMERUS/ UPPER ARM HAVE INSERTIONS IN
SOME PART THE ______________ OR THE ___________
ULNA/RADIUS
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER ARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART
THE ______________
HUMERUS
THE ACTION OF MOST SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM MUSCLES IS ____________
WRIST FLEXION
WHAT IS THE ACTION OF MOST MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER ARM
COMPARTMENT?
FOREARM FLEXION
WHAT IS THE ACTION OF THE MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR UPPER ARM
COMPARTMENT?
FOREARM FLEXION
THE ACTION OF MOST DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/
FOREARM MUSCLES IS _________________ OR _____________ (GIVE EITHER)
THUMB/FINGER FLEXION
THE ACTION OF MOST DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/
FOREARM MUSCLES IS _________________
THUMB EXTENSION
THE ACTION OF MOST SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM MUSCLES IS____________ OR _________________
(GIVE ANY ONE)
WRIST EXTENSION; WRIST ADDUCTION
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE
______________ OR ____________ (GIVE EITHER)
HUMERUS ; ULNA
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE
______________ OR ____________ (GIVE EITHER)
ULNA; INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE
______________ OR ____________OR ______________ (GIVE ANY ONE)
ULNA OR RADIUS OR INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE
THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF
THE LOWER LEG IS ______________
PLANTAR FLEXION OF FOOT
THE ACTIONS OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF
THE LOWER LEG IS ______________ OR ________________ (GIVE EITHER)
PLANTAR FLEXION OF FOOT OR EVERSION OF FOOT
ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG
HAVE ORIGINS IN SOME PART OF THE ________________
FIBULA
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGIN IN SOME PART OF THE
______________
HUMERUS
THE ACTION OF MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER MEDIAL LEG
COMPARTMENT IS ____________________ OR _____________________ OR
__________________ (GIVE ANY ONE)
THIGH ADDUCTION;
FLEXION OF THIGH;
ROTATION OF THE THIGH
THE ACTION OF MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER LEG
COMPARTMENT IS ______________
KNEE EXTENSION
MOST MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE
INSERTIONS AT THE _____________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)
TIBIAL TUBEROSITY; PATELLA
THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES IS ______________
ABDUCTION OF THIGH
ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES HAVE INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF THE
____________
FEMUR
MOST OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LEG HAVE
ORIGINS ON SOME PART OF THE ______________ OR THE _____________
FEMUR, PELVIS
ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES HAVE ORIGINS AT SOME PART OF THE
______________
ILLIUM
THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE
UPPER LEG IS ______________
THIGH EXTENSION
ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LEG HAVE
ORIGINS AT THE ______________
ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG HAVE
INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF THE ______________
CALCANEOUS
ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG
HAVE AN INSERTION AT ONE OF THE ______________
METATARSALS
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR LOWER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE
ORIGINS AT SOME PART OF THE _______________ OR ________________ (GIVE
EITHER)
TIBIA; FIBULA
THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF
THE LOWER LEG IS ______________
DORSIFLEXION OF FOOT
ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR LOWER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE
INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF A _______________ OR A _____________ (GIVE
EITHER)
CALCANEOUS
WHEN _____________ MUSCLE CONTRACTS BLOOD CIRCULATES, DELIVERING
NUTRIENTS TO CELLS AND REMOVING CELL WASTE
cardiac
___________________ IS A RECORDING OF THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF
MUSCLES.
Electromyogram
______________ IS AN EMG WHERE A NEEDLE ELECTRODE IS INSERTED
THROUGH THE SKIN INTO THE MUSCLE WHOSE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IS TO
BE MEASURED.
INTRAMUSCULAR EMG
______________ IS AN EMG WHERE THE ELECTRODES ARE PLACED ON THE
SKIN OVERLYING THE MUSCLE
SURFACE EMG
_________________ MEANS CHANGING THE STRENGTH OF MUSCLE
CONTRACTION OR THE EXTENT OF SHORTENING IN PROPORTION TO THE
LOAD PLACED ON THE MUSCLE BY WAY OF MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT
GRADING
______________ IS A CONSTANT STATE OF SLIGHT TENSION THAT SERVES TO
MAINTAIN THE MUSCLE IN A STATE OF READINESS
TONUS
THE MUSCLE FORCE GENERATED BY MUSCLE ACTIVITY IS EXPRESSED IN
________ (UNITS).
KILOGRAM (kg)
DEFINE MECHANICAL WORK PERFORMED BY SKELETAL MUSCLE
Muscle contract to move parts of the body
THE STRENGTH OF THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT GENERATED BY MUSCLE
ACTIVITY IS EXPRESSED IN ________ (UNITS)
MILLIVOLTS
CONTRACTION OF __________MUSCLE MOVES ONE PART OF THE BODY WITH
RESPECT TO ANOTHER PART
SKELETAL
CONTRACTION OF __________ MUSCLE (TYPE), CHANGES THE INTERNAL
DIAMETER OF HOLLOW ORGANS
SMOOTH
___________
IS THE NAME OF THE TYPE OF EMG WHERE THE ELECTRODES
ARE PLACED ON THE SKIN OVERLYING THE MUSCLE
SURFACE electromyography
SUSTAINED FUSION OF INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE TWITCHES IS KNOWN AS
____________.
TETANUS
_________________ IS THE COMBINATION OF A SINGLE MOTOR NEURON AND
ALL OF THE MUSCLE FIBERS IT CONTROLS
MOTOR UNIT
THE DETECTION, AMPLIFICATION, AND RECORDING OF CHANGES IN SKIN
VOLTAGE PRODUCED BY UNDERLYING SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
THE SEQUENTIAL ACTIVATION OF MOTOR UNITS TO PERFORM A DESIGNATED
TASK IS KNOWN AS ______________________
MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT
WHEN DOES FATIGUE OCCUR?
ATP depletion
A DECREASE IN THE MUSCLE’S ABILITY TO GENERATE FORCE DUE TO A
DEPLETION OF ATP, A BUILD UP OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE OR POTASSIUM
CAUSING A BLOCKAGE OF CALCIUM RELEASE FROM S.R.OR OXYGEN DEBT IN
MUSCLE IS CALLED?
FATIGUE
DESCRIBE ONE WAY OF CONTROLLING THE DEGREE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
CONTRACTION?
Activating a desired number of motor units within the muscle
______________ IS THE MEASUREMENT OF POWER.
Dynamometry
____________ IS THE AMOUNT OF WORK DONE PER UNIT OF TIME
POWER
WHAT WAS THE HAND DYNAMOMETER / DYNAGRIP USED TO SHOW?
Force generated
______________ IS A GRAPHIC RECORDING OBTAINED BY USING A
DYNAMOMETER
DYNAGRAM
NAME THE INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE GRIP FORCE
DYNAGRIP
INCREASED CONTRACTILE STRENGTH DUE TO AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER
OF MUSCLE CELLS STIMULATED IS CALLED?
MULTIPLE MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT
SUMMATION
THE STAIRCASE EFFECT OF SLIGHT INCREASES IN CONTRACTILE STRENGTH
OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE TWITCHES DUE TO MORE CALCIUM AND HEAT AS
EACH ENSUING TWITCH OCCURS IS CALLED?
TREPPE
THE PERIOD OF A MUSCLE TWITCH BETWEEN MUSCLE STIMULATION AND
CONTRACTION IS CALLED?
LATENT PERIOD
FORCE GENERATED BY STRETCHING A MUSCLE AND DUE TO IT’S ELASTIC
PROPERTIES IS CALLED?
PASSIVE FORCE
___________ STIMULATION CAUSES SKELETAL MUSCLE TO CONTRACT
ELECTRICAL
THE SUM OF THE PASSIVE FORCE AND THE ACTIVE FORCE IS CALLED?
TOTAL FORCE
WHAT IS A SINGLE MUSCLE CONTRACTION CALLED?
MUSCLE TWITCH
DURING A TWITCH THE PHASE IN WHICH MUSCLE FIBERS SHORTEN IS
CALLED?
CONTRACTION PHASE
DURING A TWITCH THE PHASE IN WHICH MUSCLE FIBERS RELAX AND
LENGTHEN IS CALLED?
RELAXATION PHASE
__________ STIMULUS LEADS TO A CONTRACTILE RESPONSE
TRESHOLD
A __________ STIMULUS LEADS TO A NONCONTRACTILE RESPONSE
SUB-TRESHOLD
RESTORING OF THE RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL IS CALLED
RE-POLARIZATION
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT ENTERS THE
SYNAPTIC CLEFT FROM VESICLES IN THE AXON TERMINAL?
ACETYLOCHOLINE / ACh
MUSCLE STIMULATION IN RAPID SUCCESSION OF THE SAME INTENSITY BUT
OF A GREATER FREQUENCY CAUSING GREATER RESPONSE (STRENGTH OF
CONTRACTION) IS CALLED
WAVE SUMMATION
THE WEAKEST STIMULUS THAT WILL STIMULATE ALL THE MUSCLE CELLS OF
A MUSCLE IS CALLED_________STIMULUS
MAXIMAL
WHAT IS THE WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED UNDER OXYGEN DEPLETED
(FATIGUED) MUSCLE CONDITIONS?
LACTIC ACID
A CONSTANT STATE OF SLIGHT TENSION THAT MAINTAINS MUSCLE
READINESS IS CALLED?
TONUS
WHAT ION IS STORED INSIDE THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
CALCIUM
WHAT IS THE ENERGY THAT IS USED TO DRIVE MUSCLE CONTRACTION
CALLED?
ATP
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RESTING POTENTIAL/ POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE/
VOLTAGE OF A MUSCLE FIBER/ CELL
-60 TO -90 mV
AN EVENT IN WHICH THE CELL BECOMES LESS NEGATIVELY CHARGED IS
CALLED?
depolarization
A CONTRACTION IN WHICH MUSCLE LENGTH DOESN’T CHANGE, BUT FORCE
GENERATED CAN IS CALLED A___________ CONTRACTION?
ISOMETRIC
STIMULATION AT SUCH A FREQUENCY THAT NO RELAXATION OCCURS, A
SUSTAINED CONTRACTION, IS CALLED?
TETANUS
A CONTRACTION IN WHICH MUSCLE LENGTH CHANGES, BUT FORCE
GENERATED STAYS THE SAME IS CALLED A_________________ CONTRACTION?
ISOTONIC
THE FORCE GENERATED BY THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTRACTION OF MUSCLE
IS CALLED?
ACTIVE FORCE
THE PERIOD AFTER DEPOLARIZATION WHEN SODIUM GATES ARE STILL
OPENED AND STIMULUS WILL NOT CAUSE AN ACTION POTENTIAL IS CALLED?
absolute refractory period
